首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
报道了中国南海北部海区海底沉积物中孔隙水的Cl-和SO42-质量浓度的变化特征, 圈定了孔隙水中Cl-质量浓度的高值异常区。由于水合物形成过程中的排盐效应, 会使其上覆浅表层沉积物中孔隙水的盐度增高, 因此这些氯离子的高值异常区值得进一步的勘查。对孔隙水中SO42-的质量浓度分析表明, 研究区的一些站位表现出随深度增加SO42-的质量浓度梯度发生明显的变化, 计算的硫酸盐甲烷交接带SMI界面深度均在 10m左右, 与ODP164航次和ODP204航次有天然气水合物的钻孔的SMI界面深度基本吻合, 说明这些站位深部有天然气水合物存在的可能性。  相似文献   

2.
硫酸根离子(SO42-)是海洋沉积物孔隙水中的重要组分之一。硫酸盐还原菌利用孔隙水中SO42-作为氧化剂氧化沉积物中有机质或甲烷,造成孔隙水中SO42-离子浓度降代,同时使溶解在孔隙水中CO2的碳同位素组成降低。研究表明,在有天然气水合物出现的地区,强烈的甲烷缺氧氧化作用使孔隙水SO42-浓度急剧下降,表现为海底沉积物中硫酸盐-甲烷界面(SMI)较浅。如布莱克海台区,SMI界面为5.1~23.9m,界面附近深解于孔隙水中CO2的δ13C值低达-39%。笔者发现南海北京海区几个站位具有类似于布莱克海台区的较浅的SMI界面(7.5~17.2m)和极低的δ13C值(-29‰),结合其他地质、地球物理和地球化学证据,推测这些站位处可能赋存有天然气水合物,值得开展进一步详查工作。  相似文献   

3.
海洋天然气水合物元素地球化学异常的实验研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
刘昌岭  陈敏  业渝光 《现代地质》2005,19(1):96-100
海洋天然气水合物在生成过程中会引起周围沉积物孔隙水中元素地球化学异常, 这些异常是指示天然气水合物存在的重要标志。在自制的实验装置上, 模拟了海洋天然气水合物的生成过程, 对海水中各离子浓度的变化进行了初步研究。结果表明: 在不同的反应条件下, 水合物的生成对各离子浓度变化的影响不同。压力越大, 耗气量越大, 生成水合物的量就大、纯度高, 其排盐效应也较强, 导致海水溶液中离子浓度的增高, 而水合物中离子含量却呈降低趋势。  相似文献   

4.
南海北部是中国海上油气的重要基地,也是中国天然气水合物调查的首选地区。对南海北部东沙群岛附近具有BSR特征的HD196站位沉积物样品的地球化学特征进行综合分析,得到以下结果:柱状样沉积物的常量元素的分布具有分段性,且与沉积物孔隙水中的离子浓度和甲烷含量的变化趋势相一致,可能对其下面是否存在天然气水合物有指示意义;同时柱状样沉积物孔隙水中离子浓度的变化与世界上发现天然气水合物地点的孔隙水离子浓度的变化一致。HD196站位的地质条件表明本站位具有天然气水合物形成的温压条件、气源条件和构造条件,因此在本站位的下面赋存天然气水合物的可能性比较大,在此进一步工作有可能取得天然气水合物勘查的突破。  相似文献   

5.
海洋沉积物中孔隙水的H、O同位素地球化学研究可以有效示踪天然气水合物的存在,中国南海地区由于地处三大板块交会处,地质构造特殊,沉积地层厚,沉积速率高,有机质丰富,并有指示天然气水合物存在的地球物理证据BSR存在,符合天然气水合物的赋存条件。本文对南海北部地区部分海域浅层沉积物中孔隙水样品进行了H、O同位素分析,试图探讨与天然气水合物赋存有关的地球化学异常。通过研究认为,①南海处于三大板块的交界处,具有特殊的地球物理场和构造沉积特征以及较适合天然气水合物赋存的温压条件,特别是南海北部地区有利于天然气水合物的生成;②南海北部地区部分海域的浅表层沉积物的H、O同位素测试中可以看出,总体上与海水的正常值一致,可能来自海水,但是在其中A14站位8个样品表现出了与天然气水合物有关的重同位素随深度增加的趋势。也许指示该区有天然气水合物存在的可能性。  相似文献   

6.
南海北部陆坡琼东南海域是中国天然气水合物勘探最具潜力的区域之一。对该海域的HQ-48PC站位沉积物样品的顶空气甲烷含量、孔隙水阴、阳离子及微量元素含量等地球化学特征进行综合分析,结果显示:在硫酸盐-甲烷界面(SMI,Sulfate-Methane Interface)(推算深度约为6.05 mbsf)发生了强烈的甲烷厌氧氧化反应(AMO,Anaerobic Meth-ane Oxidation),主要表现为SO24-含量线性降低接近于0、CH4含量发生骤增、有机碳和黄铁矿含量达到最大值及形成一个"钡锋"等特征。在SMI之上,HCO3-浓度随深度的增加呈明显上升的趋势,Ca2+、Mg2+、Sr2+等离子浓度随深度的增加呈降低的趋势,Mg2+/Ca2+比值随深度的增加呈明显增加的趋势,自生碳酸盐矿物以方解石为主;在SMI之下,HCO3-浓度随深度的增加呈缓慢下降的趋势,Ca2+浓度变化不大,Mg2+、Sr2+浓度和Mg2+/Ca2+比值随深度的增加呈降低的趋势,自生碳酸盐矿物以白云石为主。沉积物孔隙水的PO34-和NH4+含量较高,它们随深度的增加呈明显升高的趋势,且这种变化趋势与SO42-含量的下降趋势大致呈镜像关系。这些地球化学异常特征与国际上已发现有天然气水合物地区的地球化学特征相类似,暗示该采样站位深部沉积物中可能赋存有天然气水合物藏。  相似文献   

7.
硫酸根甲烷界面(SMI)是识别海洋沉积物中天然气水合物赋存(甲烷通量)的一个重要生物地球化学标志.通过对南海北部陆坡东沙海域37个站位浅表层沉积物中孔隙水的SO42-和H2S含量变化和沉积物顶空气甲烷含量的变化等地球化学特性进行分析,研究南海北部东沙海域硫酸根甲烷界面(SMI)的分布情况,通过硫酸根变化梯度估算甲烷通量.研究结果显示,东沙海域存在南部深水区"海洋四号"沉积体和北部浅水区九龙甲烷礁两个水合物有利区域,SMI埋深普遍较浅,指示较高的甲烷通量(3.8×10-3~5.9×10-3 mmol/(cm2·a)),与国际上已发现天然气水合物区的地球化学特征相类似.这种高甲烷通量很可能是由下伏的天然气水合物所引起的,暗示着该区海底之下可能有天然气水合物层赋存.  相似文献   

8.
对东沙群岛海域HD170和HD196A两个站位,通过系统的顶空气和孔隙水离子取样测试,对柱状样沉积物和底层水中游离甲烷的含量和沉积物孔隙水的离子组成特征以及孔隙水的来源进行了分析。游离气的分析表明,多数沉积物样品中游离甲烷的含量小于20μL/kg,但在HD196A站位,随着沉积物在海底以下埋深的增加,其中的游离甲烷含量迅速增加,在754~774cm,沉积物中游离甲烷的含量达到了7468.66μL/kg,推测其下存在巨大的烃类供应源。孔隙水的^86St/^87Sr同位素测试显示,本文所研究的两个站位沉积物孔隙水来源于正常的海洋沉积过程,而δ^11B的特征表明,沉积物中存在着与海水交换的吸附水,并且HD170站位的交换更多。柱状样沉积物孔隙水中,Ca^2+、Mg^2+与SO4^2-浓度表现出随着深度增加而明显降低的趋势,其中HD196A站位的硫酸盐甲烷界面小于10mbsf,暗示了该站位深部很可能赋存天然气水合物。  相似文献   

9.
天然气水合物是在高压、低温条件下由水分子和气体分子形成的笼形化合物,是21世纪一种具有巨大潜在开发价值的海洋新型能源矿产.其勘探、开发和利用的科学与技术是当前面临的重大课题.天然气水合物的地球物理识别标志包括似海底反射层、空白反射带、极性反转、垂直地震剖面(VSP)和全波形反演速率、AVO和VAMP'S结构、测井等;地球化学识别标志包括甲烷异常、表层沉积物中的H2S气体异常和大气中CO2含量异常等气体异常检测,沉积物中含水量异常、孔隙水离子浓度异常、同位素地球化学异常等流体地球化学标志,以及标志性矿物(标型矿物)及沉积物热释光分析等.  相似文献   

10.
海底天然气水合物地球化学勘探新技术   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
天然气水合物是目前寻找新型替代能源的热点之一,其勘探、开发和利用的科学与技术是当前面临的重大课题。除地球物理方法可对天然气水合物定位外,地球化学勘探也是寻找它的重要手段。天然气水合物的几种地球化学勘探方法分别利用其直接标志和间接标志。直接标志包括烃类气体含量测定等;间接标志包括孔隙水离子浓度异常、同位素地球化学异常、标志性矿物(标型矿物)及沉积物热释光分析等方法。  相似文献   

11.
天然气水合物是近年来国际上发现的一种新型能源,大量赋存在海底沉积物中。西沙海槽位于南海北部陆坡区,周边有多个大型深水油气田区。对该区地形地貌、地质构造和沉积条件分析以及地球物理BSR分布表明,西沙海槽是我国海洋天然气水合物资源勘查的一个有利远景区。文章主要研究了位于西沙海槽最大BSR区内的XS-01站位沉积物孔隙水的地球化学特征,发现该站位孔隙水阴阳离子浓度和微量元素组成特征变化显示出可能与天然气水合物有关的明显地球化学异常,与国际上己发现有天然气水合物地区的异常相类似。因此,认为该站位是西沙海槽区最有利的天然气水合物赋存区,值得进一步的勘查工作。  相似文献   

12.
Gas hydrate is a recently-found new source of energy that mostly exists in marine sediments. In recent years, we have conducted gas hydrate exploration in the South China Sea. The Xisha trough, one of the promising target areas for gas hydrate, is located in the northern margin of the South China Sea, adjacent to several large oil and gas fields. The Xisha trough extends 420 km long with the water depth of 1 500 m in the west part and 3 400 m in the east part and deposits thick sediments with organic matter content of 0.41%–1.02%. Previous studies on topographical features, geological P-T conditions, structural geology, sedimentary geology and geophysical bottom simulating reflectors (BSR) in the Xisha trough suggest that this area is favorable for the formation and accumulation of gas hydrate. In this paper, we present geochemical analyses for the sediment and pore water from a piston core at Site XS-01 in the Xisha trough. Seven pore water samples were analyzed for their anion (Cl, SO4 2−, Br, I) contents, cation (Na, K, Ca, Mg) contents and trace element (Li, B, Sr, Ba, Rb, Mn) contents. Eight sediment samples were analyzed for stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions. A number of geochemical anomalies such as anions (e.g. Cl, SO4 2−), cations (e.g. Ca, Mg) and trace elements (e.g. Sr, Ba, B) were found in this study. For example, the concentrations of Cl and SO4 2− in pore water show a decreasing trend with depth. The estimated sulfate/methane interface (SMI) is only 18 m, which is quite similar to the SMI value of 23 m in the ODP164 Leg 997 at Blake Ridge. The Ca, Mg and Sr concentrations of pore water also decrease with depth, but concentrations of Ba, and Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios increase with depth. These geochemical anomalies are quite similar to those found in gas hydrate locations in the world such as the Blake Ridge and may be related to the formation and dissociation of gas hydrates. The salt exclusion effect during the gas hydrate formation will cause an increase in major ion concentrations in the pore waters that diffused upward such as Cl. The anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO) may lead to the change of SO4 2− and other cations such as Ca, Mg, Sr and Ba in pore water. Low δ 13C value of authigenic carbonates is a good indicator for gas hydrate occurrence. However, the bulk sediment samples we analyzed all show normal δ 13C values similar to biogenic marine carbonates, and this may also suggest that no gas hydrate-related authigenic carbonates exist or their amount is so small that they are not detectable by using this bulk analytical method. In conclusion, we suggest that the Site XS-01 in the Xisha trough of the northern margin of the South China Sea is a potential target for further gas hydrate exploration. Translated from Quaternary Sciences, 2006, 26(3): 442–448 [译自: 第四纪研究]  相似文献   

13.
通过对祁连山冻土区天然气水合物DK-9孔不同深度岩心顶空气中的烃类气体组分及甲烷、乙烷的C同位素分析测试,对比分析了岩心顶空气组分含量变化与天然气水合物及其异常层段、油气显示层段、断层或破碎带分布之间的空间关系,探讨了顶空气组分对天然气水合物及其异常现象、油气显示现象、烃类气体运移作用及顶空气同位素对气体成因的指示意义。结果显示,岩心顶空气中烃类气体含量高的深度段180.26~308.50m、356.45~399.32m、458.55~508.65m与天然气水合物及其异常层段、油气显示层段具有较好的对应关系,其高值区间可作为天然气水合物、油气显示的一种指示。距断层或破碎带产出位置不同的岩心顶空气组分含量变化显示,不同级次的断裂系统为烃类气体向上运移提供了通道,部分可为天然气水合物提供一定的赋存空间;甲烷、乙烷C同位素数据显示气体以热解成因为主,部分为混合成因。  相似文献   

14.
Presented here are halogen concentrations (Cl, Br and I) in pore waters and sediments from three deep cores in gas hydrate fields of the Nankai Trough area. The three cores were drilled between 1999 and 2004 in different geologic regions of the northeastern Nankai Trough hydrate zone. Iodine concentrations in all three cores increase rapidly with depth from seawater concentrations (0.00043 mmol/L) to values of up to 0.45 mmol/L. The chemical form of I was identified as I, in accordance with the anaerobic conditions in marine sediments below the SO4 reduction depth. The increase in I is accompanied by a parallel, although lesser increase in Br concentrations, while Cl concentrations are close to seawater values throughout most of the profiles. Large concentration fluctuations of the three halogens in pore waters were found close to the lower boundary of the hydrate stability zone, related to processes of formation and dissociation of hydrates in this zone. Generally low concentrations of I and Br in sediments and the lack of correlation between sediment and pore water profiles speak against derivation of I and Br from local sediments and suggest transport of halogen rich fluids into the gas hydrate fields. Differences in the concentration profiles between the three cores indicate that modes of transportation shifted from an essentially vertical pattern in a sedimentary basin location to more horizontal patterns in accretionary ridge settings. Because of the close association between organic material and I and the similarity of transport behavior for I and CH4, the results suggest that the CH4 in the gas hydrates also was transported by aqueous fluids from older sediments into the present layers.  相似文献   

15.
The authors report here halogen concentrations in pore waters and sediments collected from the Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well, a permafrost location in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada. Iodine and Br are commonly enriched in waters associated with CH4, reflecting the close association between these halogens and source organic materials. Pore waters collected from the Mallik well show I enrichment, by one order of magnitude above that of seawater, particularly in sandy layers below the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). Although Cl and Br concentrations increase with depth similar to the I profile, they remain below seawater values. The increase in I concentrations observed below the GHSZ suggests that I-rich fluids responsible for the accumulation of CH4 in gas hydrates are preferentially transported through the sandy permeable layers below the GHSZ. The Br and I concentrations and I/Br ratios in Mallik are considerably lower than those in marine gas hydrate locations, demonstrating a terrestrial nature for the organic materials responsible for the CH4 at the Mallik site. Halogen systematics in Mallik suggest that they are the result of mixing between seawater, freshwater and an I-rich source fluid. The comparison between I/Br ratios in pore waters and sediments speaks against the origin of the source fluids within the host formations of gas hydrates, a finding compatible with the results from a limited set of 129I/I ratios determined in pore waters, which gives a minimum age of 29 Ma for the source material, i.e. at the lower end of the age range of the host formations. The likely scenario for the gas hydrate formation in Mallik is the derivation of CH4 together with I from the terrestrial source materials in formations other than the host layers through sandy permeable layers into the present gas hydrate zones.  相似文献   

16.
Results of study of pore waters of bottom sediments from different Baikal basins are presented. The most typical ion distribution patterns reflecting the Baikal sediment diagenesis are given. We have established that in areas with regular sedimentation, in the absence of faults and inflows, the sediment pore waters of three lake basins inherit the chemical composition of the Baikal water, which is stable in time and space. Changes in pore water composition mark general natural anomalies, such as the presence of active faults, tectonic movements, and inflows along permeable zones. In areas with the subsurface occurrence of gas hydrates, thorough long-term research has revealed an anomalous composition of pore waters. It has been established that the anomalies are caused by a discharge of deep-level mud-volcanic fluids. The ejected mud-volcanic waters differ from each other in mineralization, ion composition, and sources, which determines the difference in hydrate formation and the composition of gas hydrates.  相似文献   

17.
南海西沙海槽S14站位的地球化学异常特征及其意义   总被引:16,自引:6,他引:16  
西沙海槽具备良好的天然气水合物的形成条件, 并已发现与其有关的地球物理标志———模拟海底反射层(BSR)。通过对西沙海槽S14大型活塞站位的孔隙水和沉积物样品进行化学组分、酸解烃和热释光等方面的分析测试,结果发现在海底之下 4~5m区间存在着较明显的高盐高烃异常, 其中酸解烃中的甲烷、乙烷、丙烷含量及其热释光值均有所增高, 孔隙水中的绝大部分离子及其盐度也存在着明显的升高, 这一高盐高烃异常可能是下部与天然气水合物有关的孔隙流体沿着断层向上迁移所致。这些地球化学异常以及模拟海底反射层等地球物理标志显示该站位之下可能存在天然气水合物。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号