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为研究大断面软岩隧道掌子面变形规律及控制方法,基于新意法及非完整拱效应理论对雷公山隧道构造破碎区域掌子面大变形失稳机理进行分析,基于GSI围岩评级系统获得隧道围岩的力学参数,通过FLAC3D构建隧道三维数值模型,进行系列工况试验,研究隧道在非完整拱部效应时掌子面挤出位移及预收敛位移的变化特征,分析隧道掌子面预约束及预加固措施对大断面软岩隧道稳定性的影响。结果表明,掌子面处的挤出位移均在内轮廓中心处达到最大,并呈环形逐渐向外减小,超前核心土预加固在掌子面中心处对挤出位移及预收敛位移影响最为明显;隧道开挖在掌子面纵向造成的扰动范围约为1.2倍洞跨,在掌子面径向造成的扰动大约为1.5倍洞跨;根据计算结果提出掌子面加固措施,通过对隧道预收敛变形及挤出变形的监测分析,验证支护方案的可靠性,提出的掌子面预约束及预加固措施对大断面软岩隧道施工具一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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采用三维弹塑性有限元数值仿真模拟,对隧道围岩内部位移监测成果进行了深入的分析.分析认为,围岩的初期支护结构基本达到极限强度,但围岩的屈服区厚度较小,松动圈所在深度小于0.5m;下台阶开挖对拱腰收敛位移影响较大、对拱顶下沉位移影响较小.同时,测点距掌子面1倍洞径和1.5倍洞径时,拱顶下沉位移及水平收敛位移分别趋于稳定. 相似文献
3.
以龙洞堡机场隧道为工程背景,对弃土段隧道大变形原因进行深入分析,提出相应的改进措施,使隧道顺利通过剩余弃土段。研究结果表明,隧道所处人工弃土段与经压密原生土体物理性质存在差异,小导管与袖阀管注浆无法在弃土层扩散,反而增加了覆土重度,增大了隧道上覆荷载;实践证明对剩余弃土段采取二重管双液注浆,其效果要明显优于上述两种注浆措施;掌子面预留核心土和掌子面锚杆有效控制了掌子面前方先行位移,剩余弃土段掌子面先行位移约占总位移的15%~18%,达到减少掌子面先行位移的目的;弃土段隧道开挖,上覆土体呈现出整体下沉趋势,通过拱脚注浆锁脚锚杆可以减少初期支护拱脚、边墙脚沉降和过大水平位移;通过数值计算分析表明弧形导坑法开挖时,安全系数最小值发生在隧道仰拱中部,其量值为3.36,初期支护安全系数均大于2.4,支护体系在施工阶段是安全的。 相似文献
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复杂条件下隧道支护结构稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以方斗山隧道为研究对象,建立三维有限元数值分析模型,模拟分析了隧道支护结构的稳定性。以距离隧道洞口10 m处断面支护结构为例,分析了该断面初次支护和二次衬砌的水平应力、竖向应力、竖向位移、锚杆轴力及支护结构破坏域等随掌子面推进的变化规律,并对该断面支护结构特征点的稳定性进行追踪研究。研究结果表明,当掌子面与断面间距离小于30 m左右时,随着掌子面的推进,支护结构应力及位移等均有一定程度的增长,其后支护结构应力及位移基本收敛,且收敛值均较小,表明支护结构是稳定的。对隧道初次支护应力及锚杆轴力的现场监测结果及数值模拟结果进行对比分析,结果表明,数值模拟与现场监测结果基本一致。 相似文献
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侧部岩溶隧道围岩变形特征数值模拟分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
结合达(州)成(都)高速铁路宝石岩隧道施工过程,利用有限差分软件FLAC3D对隧道侧部含有溶洞的围岩变形特征进行了数值模拟研究,分析了隧道侧部不同大小、不同距离的溶洞分布对隧道围岩变形的影响。结果表明:隧道开挖后,围岩分别向溶洞和隧道内变形。溶洞与隧道之间的围岩向两个相反的方向变形,是最危险区域;靠近溶洞附近的腰拱、边墙和拱顶处围岩的位移值要比远离溶洞侧的相应部位处的围岩位移值大;随着溶洞与隧道间的距离的不断增大,隧道主要特征位置的位移值均有不同程度的减小,最终趋于无溶洞状态时的位移。溶洞主要特征位置的位移值也减小,其值均趋近于零;随着溶洞尺寸的不断增大,隧道和溶洞主要特征位置的位移值均有不同程度的增大。 相似文献
8.
《岩土力学》2017,(Z1):323-330
为研究软弱围岩隧道掌子面及超前核心土的挤出位移特征,用Solexperts AG公司生产的GMD滑动测微计对湄渝高速岐山隧道F215构造破碎带区域进行了挤出位移实测,通过有限差分程序进行系列数值试验,着重研究了隧道穿越软弱围岩期间挤出位移的变化特征,并分析了破碎带长度和硬软岩刚度比的影响。结果表明,(1)挤出位移的大小可反映前方围岩质量,挤出位移在超前核心土内的分布可反映前方围岩的节理裂隙发育情况;(2)隧道开挖在掌子面前方造成的扰动范围大致为1.5倍的隧道开挖跨度;(3)隧道接近前方变化地质区域时,挤出位移的增大或减小具有超前性;(4)软岩段长度在一定范围内会影响掌子面进入软岩区后挤出位移的大小和变化趋势;(5)硬岩与软岩间的刚度比越大,挤出位移变化速率越大,且隧道由软岩区向硬岩区掘进时挤出位移的变化时机越早,而由硬岩区向软岩区掘进时的变化时机不受刚度比影响;(6)可将对挤出位移的监测分析作为超前地质预报的补充手段判断掌子面前方围岩情况。 相似文献
9.
采用?800 mm模型土压盾构开展室内掘进试验,以探究砂卵石中土压盾构隧道掌子面失稳诱发地层变形特征。同时,补充开展三维离散元仿真以挖掘室内试验难以获取的掌子面失稳信息,并研究隧道埋深对掌子面稳定性的影响规律。研究结果表明：砂卵石地层中盾构隧道掌子面失稳发展到地表后,沉降曲面呈上大下小逐步收缩的沙漏状,影响范围小于砂土地层。考虑盾构动态掘进过程后,卵石颗粒接触关系变化十分剧烈,掌子面稳定性被削弱,极限支护压力随之增大。掌子面极限支护压力随隧道埋深基本呈线性增加,极限支护压力与初始支护压力之比则随埋深增大而减小。掌子面失稳机制可根据隧道埋深划分为3种模式。与既有研究相比,考虑了盾构动态掘进过程与实际工程更加接近,可为确保砂卵石地层土压盾构隧道施工掌子面稳定提供参考。 相似文献
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Interaction of longitudinal surface settlements for twin tunnels in shallow and soft soils: the case of Istanbul Metro 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ibrahim Ocak 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(5):1673-1683
Increasing demands on infrastructures increases the attention on shallow soft ground tunneling methods in urbanized areas. Especially, in metro tunnel excavations, it is important to control the surface settlements observed before and after excavation, which may cause damage to surface structures. To solve this problem, earth pressure balance machines (EPBMs) have widely been used throughout the world. This study focuses on surface settlement measurements, the interaction of twin tunnel surface settlement, and the relationship between shield parameters and surface settlement for parallel tunnels using EPBM shields in clay and sand soils. In this study, the tunnels were excavated using two EPBMs. The tunnels were 6.5 m in diameter, as twin tubes with a 14 m distance from center to center. The EPBM in the first tube followed about 100 m behind the other tube. Segmental lining with 1.4 m of length was employed as a final support. The results from this study showed that (1) the most important parameters for the maximum surface settlements are the face pressure and backfill; (2) in twin tunnel excavation with EPBM for longitudinal profile, the settlement rate reached its peak value when the shield came to the monitoring section and this peak value continued until the shield passed the monitoring section; (3) every shield affected the other tunnel’s longitudinal surface settlement profile by approximately 35–36.8 %; (4) S A, S B and S C values were found to be 38.0, 35.8 and 26.2 %, respectively for an EPBM, and (5) ensuring good construction quality is a very effective way to control face stability and minimize surface settlement. 相似文献
12.
Summary. The magnitude and distribution of ground deformations around a tunnel are often monitored during construction and provide
key information about ground-support interaction and ground behavior. Thus it is important to determine the effects of different
parameters on ground deformations to accurately and effectively evaluate what contributes to ground and support behavior observed
during excavation. This paper investigates one such relation: the effects of seepage on radial deformations. A number of numerical
analyses have been conducted with the following assumptions: deep circular unsupported tunnel, elastic ground, isotropic far
field stresses, dry ground or saturated ground with steady-state water seepage. The analyses cover a wide range of tunnel
sizes, effective stresses, and pore pressures. Results from the numerical simulations confirm previous analytical solutions
for normalized radial deformations behind the face (i.e. on the tunnel side of the face) of a tunnel excavated in dry ground,
and have been used to propose a new analytical formulation for normalized radial displacements ahead and behind the tunnel
face for both dry and saturated ground with water flow. Water seepage substantially increases the magnitude and distribution
of the normalized radial deformations ahead of the face and at the tunnel face, but does not change much the displacement
distribution behind the tunnel face. 相似文献
13.
以西安地铁一号线朝阳门站一康复路站区段饱和软黄土地铁隧道为研究对象,通过施工期现场地表沉降变形监测,分析了在饱和软黄土特殊地层条件下隧道浅埋暗挖法施工引起的该区段地表沉降变形规律以及地表沉降槽分布特征。结果表明：在饱和软黄土隧道开挖时,随着掌子面的推进,隧道顶地表沉降可分为沉降微小阶段、沉降显著发展阶段、沉降缓慢阶段和沉降稳定阶段;单线隧道开挖后的最大地表沉降量为18．89mm,双线隧道开挖后的最大地表沉降量为36．4mm;已开挖隧道对围岩土体的扰动作用使得后开挖隧道的地表沉降发展较大;双线隧道的地表沉降槽宽度接近单线隧道沉降槽宽度的2倍,因此可以将其近似为单线隧道地表沉降槽宽度与双线隧道轴线中点距离之和;单线隧道开挖后地表沉降槽宽度为8．4～9．3m,双线隧道开挖后地表沉降槽宽度为16．2～17．5m;隧道开挖施工的沉降槽宽度参数为0．435～0．467,单线隧道开挖后的地层损失率为0．765％～1．324％,双线隧道开挖后的地层损失率为1．231％～2．200％。 相似文献
14.
Environmental effects of tunnel excavation in soft and shallow ground with EPBM: the case of Istanbul 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
Ibrahim Ocak 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2009,59(2):347-352
In metro tunnel excavations, it is important to control surface settlements observed before and after excavation, which may
cause damage to surface structures. Otherwise, the metro tunnel cannot perform the task expected, and the advantages of the
tunnel are lost. In this study, short-term surface settlements and their effect on buildings are examined in three zones for
twin tunnels, which have been excavated between the Otogar and Kirazlı 1 stations of the Istanbul Metro line, and are 5.8 km
in length. Geology in the study area is composed of fill, stiff clay, dense sand, very dense sand, and hard clay, respectively,
starting from the surface. Tunnels are excavated by using two Earth Pressure Balance Tunnel Boring Machines (EPBMs) with a
6.5 m diameter as twin tubes with 14 m distance from center to center. The EPBM in the right tube is followed about 100 m
behind the other tube. Segmental lining with 1.4 m of length is currently employed as final support. The results of this study
indicate that, with EPBM excavation method in shallow depths and soft grounds, the damage done to the environment prolonged
project costs up to 15.8% more. In addition, tunnel conditions prolonged the project schedule to 29.3%. 相似文献
15.
在地下隧道施工中遇到既有桩的情况并不少见,尽管近年来隧道--土--桩相互作用引起了广泛关注,但以往的研究主要集中在小规模隧道开挖引起的桩的反应上。通过三维离心模型试验,研究了双管大型隧道开挖引起的群桩变形机理。由于隧道开挖引起的应力释放,群桩的实测沉降随隧道的推进几乎呈线性增加。监测点距新建隧道较短,导致群桩沉降较大。单隧道开挖完成后,在隧道中心线正上方观测到最大桩群沉降为0.23%D(即隧道直径)。双管开挖后,最大群桩沉降增加到0.32%D,最大群桩沉降位置向两隧道之间的中心线移动。随着开挖面接近监测断面,既有桩群迅速向开挖面倾斜。当隧道工作面通过监测断面时,减少了现有群桩的倾斜。显然,当隧道工作面位于监测断面正下方时,测得的群桩倾斜达到最大值。这清楚地说明了隧道开挖引起群桩的三维变形机理。若将隧道开挖简化为二维问题,则忽略了群桩沿隧道纵向的倾斜,而群桩的倾斜位于非保守侧。 相似文献
16.
应用PLAXIS 2D/3D有限元分析软件,对某黄土洞室进行了二维、三维分步掘进、三维一次掘进等工况的弹塑性有限元分析,研究分析了不同工况下洞室围岩位移的变化规律,并对掌子面的空间效应进行了分析。分析结果表明,二维与三维分步计算的最终位移基本一致,可以用二维的计算结果来估算洞室开挖的最终位移。三维分步掘进的分析表明,不同埋深的洞室其位移比的变化规律基本一致,当L/B<1时(L为掘进深度,B为洞室跨度),位移比呈线性增加;当L/B>1时,位移比呈非线性增加;当L/B>3时,其最大位移接近最终位移。掌子面的空间效应分析表明,在掌子面处的位移约为最终位移的1/3,距掌子面0.5倍跨度处的位移约为最终位移的2/3,距掌子面2.5倍跨度处的位移基本达到了最终位移。 相似文献
17.
针对连拱隧道复杂的施工力学特性,结合实际工程,通过模型试验和现场监测分别研究了整体式中隔墙连拱隧道在中导正洞台阶法施工过程中的位移和中隔墙应力变化情况,并详细分析了各开挖步骤对其的影响。结果表明,对于整体式中隔墙连拱隧道,上台阶开挖对顶部位移和中隔墙应力的影响大于下台阶开挖产生的影响;隧道顶点位移-历时曲线总体形状呈S形,最大位移发生在后掘隧道的顶部。由于主洞的开挖将使中隔墙另一侧应力增加较大,而本侧应力增加较小甚至降低,因此,先掘隧道的开挖使中隔墙产生由先掘隧道侧向后掘隧道侧偏转的弯矩,而后掘隧道的开挖将使该弯矩值减小 相似文献
18.
分离式隧道非同步开挖岩爆预测研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
分离式隧道是深埋长大高速公路隧道施工的主要方式,鉴于两洞的施工进度不同,利用先开挖洞的岩爆发生情况,对后开挖洞的岩爆发生情况进行了预测,并采用有限元数值模拟进行计算分析。结果表明,当初始应力场中的水平应力和竖向应力相当时,随着研究区侧压力系数的增大和净距的减小,后开挖洞拱底发生岩爆的强度会随之增大。当初始应力场中的水平应力占主导地位时,随着研究区侧压力系数的增大和净距的减小,后开挖洞拱顶发生岩爆的强度会随之减少。通过实际工程对计算分析结果进行了验证,结果表明,隧道实际发生岩爆的情况和计算结果较为吻合。 相似文献
19.
Faisal I. Shalabi Husam A. Al-Qablan Omar H. Al-Hattamleh 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2009,27(2):237-248
Lining contact pressure and ground deformation of Raghadan transportation tunnel (Amman, Jordan) were investigated. The tunnel
is 1.1 km in length and 13.5 m in diameter. This study was intended to integrate useful relations among the widely used rock
classification system (RMR: rock mass rating), Hoek–Brown classification, and lining-ground interaction. The materials encountered
along the tunnel alignment were limestone, dolomatic limestone, marly limestone, dolomite, and sillicified limestone. The
ground conditions along the tunnel alignment including bedding planes, joint sets and joint conditions, rock quality, water
flow, and rock strength were evaluated based on the drilled boreholes and rock exposures. Elasto-plastic finite element analyses
were conducted to study the effect of rock mass conditions and tunnel face advance on the behavior of lining-ground interaction.
The results of the analyses showed that lining contact pressure decreases linearly with the increase in RMR value. Also the
results showed that tunnel lining contact pressure and crown inward displacement decreases with the increase in the unsupported
distance (distance between tunnel face and the end of the erected lining). Ground displacement above the tunnel crown was
found to be increases in an increasing rate with the decrease in the depth above the crown. This displacement was also found
to be affected by the RMR value and the unsupported distance. 相似文献
20.
结合矮寨悬索桥的工程实践,采用MIDAS/GTS对茶洞岸锚碇和下穿公路隧道之间的相互作用机制进行研究。研究表明,开挖阶段锚-隧相互作用程度具有不对等性,即锚-隧影响大于隧-锚影响。在设计大缆拉力荷载作用下,下穿隧道的存在明显地改变了锚碇附近围岩的位移分布,导致锚碇附近围岩节点位移曲线发生整体下沉、旋转,并产生最大达0.76 mm的竖向附加位移。锚碇附近围岩竖向位移受下穿隧道影响较为显著,而水平向位移受影响相对较弱。对于锚碇隧道而言,下穿隧道单次爆破引起振动较小,距离爆心40 m范围以外围岩质点峰值振动速度小于2 cm/s,与实测资料吻合。工程项目现场的爆破振动监测及围岩波速测试成果显示：下穿隧道爆破掘进对40 m以外围岩的振动效应可以忽略。 相似文献