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1.
青藏高原新生代以来的隆升过程及特征长期以来广存争议.岩体中不同单矿物所记录的中低温热年代学信息适用于揭示较新年代地质体的隆升过程,可以为之提供有效制约.在青藏高原部分岩浆岩与变质岩露头区原位采集15块样品,利用锆石与磷灰石裂变径迹等热年代学结果为青藏高原中生代末期以来的隆升过程提供约束.其中,所获10块样品的锆石裂变径迹数据年龄范围为182~33 Ma,分别记录了渐新世之前青藏高原内不同块体间相互碰撞及高原内不同地区的构造热事件.特别是沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带分布的3个样品,锆石裂变径迹年龄结果一致显示始新世末期-渐新世早期该带存在一期显著的构造热事件.该构造热事件暗示在约36~33 Ma沿雅江缝合带发生过强烈的陆-陆硬碰撞.所获14块样品的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄范围为70.4~5.0 Ma,综合热史反演结果显示青藏高原南部中新世中晚期以来存在整体性隆升,特别是从上新世开始隆升速率显著加快.磷灰石裂变径迹年龄在空间分布上具有向高原东南部变年轻的趋势,表明青藏高原东南部在上新世以来的构造隆升较其他地区要强烈,暗示印度-亚洲板块碰撞驱动机制对该时期的高原隆升具有控制作用.此外,青藏高原中部在白垩纪末期-始新世可能即已隆升至相当高度,此后至今保持了相当低的剥蚀速率.   相似文献   

2.
为定量分析青藏高原东北部中新生代以来构造隆升时序及特征,笔者开展了磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹年龄测试。结果表明:研究区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为(66±9)~(4.3±1) Ma,锆石裂变径迹年龄为(187±11)~(69±4) Ma,东北部及东部裂变径迹年龄值较大;研究区西北缘构造隆升较早(200~160 Ma),东南部隆升相对较晚(140~30 Ma),西(南)部构造隆升最晚(90~10 Ma),新近纪之后则整体进入构造隆升;岩石冷却速率和剥蚀速率广元—江油一带西侧较高,红原—文县一带南侧更高,理县附近最大,分别为23.26℃/Ma和0.78 mm/a,这种分区差异性主要受多条区域性大型断裂带制约。  相似文献   

3.
通过对青藏高原东北部循化盆地、临夏盆地和贵德盆地沉积相和沉积充填速率演化的对比分析,提出研究区新生代4个构造隆升阶段。①渐新世晚期—中新世早期(25~20Ma),3个盆地沉积相和沉积速率的变化表明青藏高原新生代向北东的增生作用在渐新世已抵达西秦岭北缘地区,同时,22Ma拉脊山强烈隆升,区域上整体地势差异不显著。②中新世中期(17~13Ma),随着高原东北缘盆山耦合的相互作用,湖盆进一步扩张,14Ma左右积石山的隆起及西秦岭、拉脊山的持续隆升,使得研究区转变为盆地周缘型。③中新世晚期(11~6Ma),8Ma左右沉积相的转变、沉积速率的增大及不整合面的存在,都说明高原在该段时间内存在强烈的构造隆升活动,裂变径迹热年代学证据反映的构造隆升与沉积响应也是一致的。④上新世(5Ma以来),沉积速率继续增大,区域上地势差异增强,湖盆逐步萎缩消亡。  相似文献   

4.
为研究青藏高原向东构造挤压过程中,构造变形扩展方式的变化,文章选取青藏高原东缘为研究对象,开展了磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹测定及分析工作。结果表明,若尔盖盆地和龙门山块体具有诸多低温热年代学及构造隆升差异:若尔盖盆地样品冷却速率较为集中,介于1.257~1.285℃/Myr,而龙门山块体样品冷却速率变化较大,介于1.243~2.875℃/Myr;若尔盖盆地在100 Ma以来共经历了2次明显的构造热事件,第一次为100~80 Ma(冷却速率为4.40±0.395℃/Myr),第二次为21~12 Ma(冷却速率为2.89±0.597℃/Myr),龙门山块体东缘地区在70 Ma以来,总体上表现为构造隆升程度的逐渐增强,且在8 Ma以来构造隆升持续增强,冷却速率达到了5.75±0.238℃/Myr;若尔盖盆地的构造变形属于前展式构造扩展,而龙门山块体则为后展式(自8 Ma以来),文章将该过程总结为“构造变形扩展的反射和折射”现象,“反射部分”在第四纪(4.48 Ma)达到龙日坝断裂附近,形成兼具逆冲与右旋走滑的龙日坝断裂带。  相似文献   

5.
祁连山北缘晚新生代构造活动的低温热年代学证据   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
晚新生代祁连山开始隆升的时间是制约青藏高原隆升动力学以及高原隆升与气候变化之间相互关系的重要参数。本文通过磷灰石裂变径迹和(u—Th)/He低温热年代学方法研究,获得祁连山北缘开始隆升的时间为约95Ma,隆升的速率为(0.5±0.1)mm/a,晚新生代以来与祁连山北缘断裂相关的缩短速率为(1.4±0.2)mm/a。本文得到的祁连山隆升的时间与“下地壳流动模型”和“地幔对流剥离模型”预测的高原向东北方向扩展时间基本一致,也与中国大陆北方季风加强的时间基本一致。支持高原与约5~12Ma隆升并向周边扩展,引起西北季风加强的假说,但是不支持“陆陆斜向深俯冲消减模型”预测的祁连山南缘约11Ma隆升,北缘隆升时间晚于5Ma的预测。  相似文献   

6.
青藏高原东北缘印支期宗务隆造山带   总被引:42,自引:9,他引:33  
位于柴达木地块北缘构造带(柴北缘构造带)与南祁连造山带间的宗务隆构造带发育晚古生代、早中三叠世地层以及石炭纪蛇绿岩地体和具有岛弧性质的二叠纪—早三叠世中酸性火山岩。三个侵入宗务隆带南侧的海西—印支期花岗岩(246Ma天峻南山花岗岩、238Ma青海湖南山花岗岩和215Ma二郎洞花岗岩)分别与俯冲和后碰撞相关。两期明显的构造变形为印支期造山构造和第三纪陆内构造活动印记,前者以300余千米长的韧性剪切带为代表,后者以大规模指向南的逆冲推覆作用为特征。宗务隆构造带经历了由陆内裂陷、洋盆发育和俯冲—碰撞造山的演化过程,既不同于其南侧的柴北缘构造带也不属于北侧的南祁连造山带,而是一在柴北缘和南祁连造山带共同构建的加里东陆块上发育起来的、具有完整板块旋回的印支期造山带。  相似文献   

7.
循化-化隆盆地新生代沉积及盆地基底和周缘山系磷灰石裂变径迹年代学分析揭示了青藏高原东北缘晚白垩世以来经历过3期隆升剥露事件:(1)盆地基底及拉脊山和西秦岭北缘构造带磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分析普遍记录了晚白垩世-始新世中期相对快速的区域性的隆升剥露事件,西秦岭北缘快速抬升的起始时间为84Ma,受控于向北的逆冲抬升;向北到循化-化隆盆地中部的拉目峡抬升的起始时间为69Ma;更北的拉脊山一带快速抬升期主要为40~50Ma,从而反映晚白垩世-始新世中期的快速抬升由南向北逐渐扩展.这一期构造隆升事件导致循化-化隆盆地和临夏盆地缺失了北部西宁-民和盆地古近纪所具有的西宁群沉积.隆升剥露结束于31Ma左右,此时化隆-循化盆地向东与同时期的临夏盆地相连为一个统一的大型西秦岭山前盆地,两者具有相同的构造、沉积演化史,因此循化-化隆盆地他拉组底部地层年龄最老不会超过临夏盆地最老地层的古地磁年龄,即29Ma.(2)渐新世晚期约26Ma拉脊山开始双向逆冲隆升,并可能延续到中新世早期约21Ma,隆升作用使循化-化隆盆地成为挟持于拉脊山逆冲带和西秦岭构造带之间的山前挤压型前陆盆地,循化-化隆盆地开始大规模沉积巨厚的他拉组冲积扇相粗碎屑岩.(3)通过循化-化隆盆地咸水河组和临夏组的沉积相分析、古流方向和砾石成分分析,揭示出拉脊山构造带在中新世8Ma左右发生的最大规模的双向逆冲隆升事件,这次事件直接导致循化-化隆盆地由前陆挤压盆地转变为山间盆地,形成现今青藏高原东北缘的盆山地貌基本格局.  相似文献   

8.
裂变径迹法与青藏高原隆升   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
裂变径迹法是20世纪60年代发展起来的一种放射性同位素年代学方法,以测年范围广, 样品用量少,方法简便等优点,在地质学和考古研究中获得了广泛应用.近些年,随着径迹退火特性和径迹长度研究的深入,裂变径迹方法在造山带热历史分析和构造隆升过程研究中发挥了重要的作用,它不仅能为构造隆升研究提供年代控制,而且还能获得隆升幅度、隆升速率及隆升方式以及低温热历史等比较全面的山体隆升史资料, 成为研究构造隆升十分简捷、有效的方法.本文首先简述了裂变径迹方法研究构造隆升的基本原理,然后介绍了研究构造隆升的3种方法:年龄-高程法、矿物对法和径迹长度分析法,并对青藏高原构造隆升研究进展作了简要回顾,综合分析已有的青藏高原裂变径迹年代数据,发现在中新世晚期(约10~8 Ma)之前隆升速率较慢,之后隆升速率加快,尤其是上新世晚期(4~3 Ma)以来隆升速率迅速加快.这与地层学、沉积学等其他传统方法得出来的结论基本一致.并探讨了将来青藏高原裂变径迹研究的方向.  相似文献   

9.
吴晨  陈宣华  丁林 《地学前缘》2023,(3):262-281
祁连造山带位于东特提斯北缘,蛇绿混杂岩带、(超)高压变质岩和弧岩浆岩等广泛发育,是前新生代华北克拉通与柴达木古地块之间多期次俯冲、碰撞和造山形成的复合造山带。现今的祁连山是青藏高原北缘高原隆升与扩展的关键构造带,具有复杂的陆内变形构造和深部结构,记录了新生代高原生长过程中不同阶段的构造变形和盆-山演化历史。本文在区域地质研究资料的综合分析基础上,讨论祁连造山带元古宙变质基底属性、新元古代—古生代古海洋演化和中—新生代构造变形特征,探讨祁连(山)造山带的构造演化过程和陆内变形历史。祁连造山带发育新元古代早期和早古生代两期岩浆弧,分别代表了古祁连洋和(南、北)祁连洋的俯冲-碰撞事件;亲华北的基底属性指示了祁连洋实属陆缘海。新生代青藏高原东北缘发育两阶段构造变形和盆-山演化,在中新世完成了由新生代早期以逆冲断裂活动为主向走滑断裂和逆冲断裂共同作用的转变,随着东昆仑山的快速隆起将古近纪大盆地隔开成两个盆地,即现今的柴达木盆地和可可西里盆地。中新世中晚期以来,青藏高原东北缘的构造格局主要受控于东昆仑和海原两个近乎平行的大型转换挤压构造系统的发育、顺时针旋转和侧向生长。大型走滑断裂系统在造山带内的...  相似文献   

10.
《地学前缘》2017,(3):116-126
通过磷灰石裂变径迹年龄的测定以及时间-温度热历史的反演,揭示了秭归盆地中新生代构造-热演化过程。结果表明:秭归盆地自120 Ma左右开始缓慢隆升,主要经历了3个强烈的隆升阶段:(1)晚白垩世100~80 Ma开始强烈隆升,是燕山期造山运动在该地区作用的结果,也可能是黄陵背斜晚白垩世强烈抬升向西延伸的响应;(2)晚始新世40 Ma的强烈隆升,可能是印度板块和亚欧板块碰撞初期作用的远程响应;(3)中新世中期到末期10~5 Ma的强烈隆升,是青藏高原东部边界向东扩展及亚洲季风气候变化的响应。秭归盆地内部自白垩纪以来一直隆升剥蚀,展现出与盆地边缘构造-热演化的差异。通过与黄陵背斜东部的当阳盆地构造-热事件的对比,暗示了黄陵背斜在晚白垩世已隆升剥露至地表,分割了两个盆地。晚侏罗世—早白垩世,秦岭大规模挤压变形逆冲推覆构造作用使得米仓山—汉南隆起和黄陵背斜地区成为中上扬子地区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄相对最大的区域,江南—雪峰陆内造山作用向西北方向的扩展使得湘鄂西地区向川东地区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄具有整体变年轻的趋势。晚白垩世以来太平洋板块俯冲挤压效应使得川东褶皱带周缘及川东北磷灰石裂变径迹年龄自南东向北西方向减小,江汉盆地、当阳盆地及龙泉山以西记录的年轻的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄则与青藏高原隆升及其向南东方向构造逃逸的挤压作用和亚洲季风等气候变化的影响有关。  相似文献   

11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

12.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

14.
塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。  相似文献   

15.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上,进行了稳定性数值模拟分析,定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明:该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成,对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害,必须采取相应的工程治理措施。  相似文献   

17.
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.  相似文献   

18.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

19.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.  相似文献   

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