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在莱州湾海岸带采集了62个表层沉积物样品,对黑碳(BC)的含量及其空间分布特征进行了研究,同时探讨了BC与持久性有机污染物(POPs)的关系。结果表明:(1)莱州湾海岸带表层沉积物中BC的含量范围为0.02~9.35 mg/g,平均为0.98 mg/g,低于欧美和我国其他海岸带区域;(2)河流沉积物中的BC含量呈现出明显的空间差异,主要是受点源排放、河流本身的特征和沉积物粒度等因素的影响;海洋沉积物中的BC分布不仅受到沉积物粒度的影响,河流输入和沉积速率也是其重要的影响因素;(3)由于POPs的来源和理化性质差异,POPs与BC和总有机碳(TOC)的相关性也存在一定程度的差异,其中六氯苯(HCB)与BC、TOC的相关性最好。就河流和海洋分区而言,海洋沉积物中POPs与BC、TOC的相关性明显好于河流沉积物,但都没有表现出POPs与BC的相关性优于POPs与TOC的相关性的现象。 相似文献
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六溴环十二烷(HBCDs)作为一种持久性有机污染物,具有生物累积性及多种生物毒性,以母乳、血清、头发及脂肪组织为介质,评价人体HBCDs的残留特征和健康风险受到广泛关注。本文以北京地区为研究区域,连续采集和分析2010—2018年母乳样品中的HBCDs,探究北京人体中HBCDs的残留特征与变化趋势,同时评估婴幼儿通过母乳喂养摄入HBCDs是否存在健康风险。研究共招募85名志愿者采集233份母乳样品,采用液液萃取-多级净化法进行样品处理,高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定样品中HBCDs及其异构体含量。样品的测定结果显示：(1) HBCDs的检出率为100%,浓度范围为0.46～93.5ng/g lw(脂重),均值和中值分别为7.27ng/g lw和5.77ng/g lw,高端暴露量第95百分位值为15.6ng/g lw;(2)α-HBCD为主要异构体,3种非对映异构体的含量占比大小为：α-HBCD>γ-HBCD>β-HBCD;(3)婴幼儿HBCDs的每日估计摄入量EDI中值为20.5ng/kg bw/day,第95百分位值为71.4ng/kg bw/day,高... 相似文献
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根据2012年9月在黄河口及莱州湾取得的悬浮体和水文调查资料,探讨了非调水调沙期间黄河15及莱州湾颗粒有机碳（POC）的地球化学特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）2012年秋季黄河口及莱州湾POC浓度介于42．25-1018．87gg／L之间,平均为316．35μg／L,底层POC浓度高于表层,这与沉积物再悬浮有直接关系;（2）黄河口POC呈现近岸区高,远岸区低的趋势,高值区出现在新、老两个河口区域,指示了陆源输入对河口区POC的直接控制作用;（3）在盐度为26～28（psu）之间黄河口POC有高值,表明絮凝沉降作用对POC空间分布的影响;底层POC与浊度显著相关,表明海底沉积物再悬浮对研究区POC空间分布的直接影响;悬浮物含量超过20mg／L时,生命态颗粒有机碳对总颗粒有机碳的贡献明显下降;（4）POC／PN值显示黄河15及莱州湾POC来源的复杂性,生物作用、沉积物再悬浮和黄河水沙输入对研究区的POC生物地球化学过程都有一定的影响。 相似文献
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长江口吴淞-浏河滨岸带沉积物AVS和SEM含量的空间分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对长江口吴淞-浏河滨岸带37个站位沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物（AVS）和同时可提取态重金属（SEM）含量及其空间分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,SEM在37个站位沉积物中浓度范围为0．20～1．37μmol／g,平均值为0．74μmol／g;AVS的浓度范围为0．20—0．80μmol／g,平均值为0．23μmol／g;沉积物中AVS含量与总有机碳（TOC）和含水率呈显著正相关关系,而SEM分别与TOC和含水率呈显著正相关关系,与沉积物中值粒径呈显著负相关关系。依据SEM／AVS比值评价方法以及美国EPA（SEM—AVS）差值评价方法对沉积物中重金属的生物有效性的判断表明,除了B2站点无显著生物毒性外,吴淞-浏河滨岸带沉积物中重金属对水生生物均处于中等毒性水平。 相似文献
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为研究广西三娘湾海域表层沉积物有机质中烃类化合物的分布特征及来源,于2019年10月在三娘湾海域采集了表层沉积物样品,利用加速溶剂萃取GC-MSD法对沉积物中的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析。结果表明: 三娘湾海域表层沉积物样品中多环芳烃的含量为37~241.8 ng/g,总体处于含量较低的水平,但与往年相比研究区PAHs含量增加明显。通过组分分析等方法进行PAHs的来源分析,结果指示其主要来源为燃烧源,夹杂石油源的混合来源; 通过效应区间法对多环芳烃进行生态风险评价,认为其总体处于风险较低的水平。综合研究表明,三娘湾海域总体生态环境较好,但人类活动对多环芳烃含量及分布特征的影响较明显,需要持续关注。 相似文献
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采用原子吸收光谱法,对乐清湾及三都澳表层沉积物的15只样品,进行了分析,其结果显示,沉积环境,沉积物类型和泥沙来源,控制着乐清湾和三都澳金属元素及有机质迁移富集规律,并显示具有极为相似的分布特征。本区重金属元素的含量与其它区域相比,以及Fe/Mn比值,充分显示了它们的继承性和亲陆性,同时进一步说明本区表层沉积物,主要由潮流作用从口外海域搬运而来,受到长江口泥沙扩散的影响,其次是周围岛屿和山溪性河流的补给。 相似文献
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云南抚仙湖沉积物有机质来源与时空变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示抚仙湖沉积物总有机碳(TOC)和总氮(TN)的时空分布特征及其主要来源,对抚仙湖表层沉积物和沉积物柱芯的TOC、TN和有机碳同位素组成(δ13Corg)进行了分析。结果表明,表层沉积物的TOC和TN含量分别为2.02%~3.40%和0.16%~0.36%;沉积物柱芯的TOC和TN含量分别为0.41%~6.63%和0.08%~0.77%,呈现出北湖高南湖低、表层高底部低的分布特征。内源有机质是抚仙湖沉积物中有机质的主要来源,不同湖区外源有机质的输入差异明显,其中南湖沉积物有机质中陆源比例较高。沉积物柱芯C/N值从底部到表层逐步增大,表明抚仙湖沉积物有机质中陆源有机质所占比例持续增加。与内源有机质相比,外源有机质输入增加更快,指示流域内人为活动增强导致流域侵蚀和水土流失加剧。 相似文献
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对2003年中国第二次北极科学考察所获得的部分表层沉积物样品进行了总水解氨基酸(THAA)、氨基糖(HA)的测定。不同区域氨基酸主要成分不同,楚科奇海站位的氨基酸主要成分为甘氨酸(Gly)、谷氨酸(Glu),位于加拿大海盆的B80、B11、P27站THAA的主要成分为丝氨酸(Ser)。沉积物的总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、THAA、HA含量等特征随区域不同有较大差别,白令海峡的BS11站TOC、HA含量最低,加拿大海盆的B80站THAA、TN含量最低。楚科奇海R03站TOC、TN为最高,THAA在R11含量达最大值,HA在楚科奇海台的P11站最高。初步讨论了楚科奇海—加拿大海盆表层沉积物中氨基酸的空间分布,根据氨基酸选择性降解和主成份分析结果引入DI”指标,并对七个站位表层沉积物有机质新鲜程度进行了比较,新鲜度由大至小顺序为C15>BS11>R11>S11>P11>R03>B80,这与表层沉积物来源、水动力条件等有关,由此推测楚科奇海陆架、白令海峡沉积物有机质较楚科奇海台、加拿大海盆较为新鲜。 相似文献
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烟台、日照近海及南四湖沉积物中的多氯联苯 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本对南四湖、日照与烟台近海表层沉积物中的36种多氛联苯(PCBs)异构体的含量、分布特征、毒性当量浓度及其来源进行7初步探讨。总PCBs含量以南四湖最高(0．随心g和0．63ng/g)。日照、烟台近海分别为0．27ng/g和0．35ng/g，均落在国内外海洋近岸表层沉积物含量范围的低值区。近海沉积物中多氛联苯主要以低氛代PCBs(一至五氛)为主，而南四湖南、北部沉积物都是以四、五、六氛代PCBs为主要组分，反映了山东内陆湖与沿海多氛联苯的来源有别。烟台近海沉积物中共平面PCBs对总毒性当量浓度的影响高达三分之一，表明有相对较大比例的共平面多氛联苯的输入来源。 相似文献
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为了解北疆积雪中砷（As）和汞（Hg）的空间分布特征及来源,基于2018年1月在北疆地区58个采样点采集的积雪样品,采用原子荧光光谱法测定积雪中溶解性砷和汞的含量,用反距离加权插值法分析空间分布特征,并利用后向轨迹模型探讨了其来源。结果表明：积雪中溶解性砷和汞的浓度分别在0.21~2.69 μg?L-1和5.32~64.09 ng?L-1,均低于地表水I类水质标准限值,说明积雪中砷和汞元素污染较轻。反距离加权插值法分析表明,积雪中砷和汞污染物的空间分布存在差异性,其中准噶尔盆地和天山北坡地区的浓度分布较高。结合后向轨迹聚类分析结果,推断积雪中砷和汞污染物主要来自局地活动,周边国家气团远距离传输所产生的影响较小。研究结果可为评估北疆生态环境质量及区域污染防治提供科学支持。 相似文献
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Edu Inam Inemesid Etuk Nnanake-Abasi Offiong Kyoung-Woong Kim Seo-Young Kang Joseph Essien 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(5):216
Sediments are considered as suitable matrices to study the contamination levels of aquatic environment since they represent a sink for multiple contaminant sources. In this study, the influence of sediment characteristics on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and its potential risk in euryhaline, freshwater and humic aquatic bodies of Douglas/Stubbs creek, Ikpa River and Eniong River, respectively, were investigated. The level of PAHs in sediment was quantified using GC–MS, while sediment properties including total organic carbon (TOC) content and grain size were determined by the wet oxidation and hydrometer methods, respectively. The results revealed that the total levels of PAHs in sediment varied significantly between the euryhaline, freshwater and humic freshwater ecosystems. In Ikpa River freshwater ecosystem, a total PAHs load of 1055.2 ng/g was recorded with the suites concentration ranging from 13.0 ng/g (for acenaphthylene) to 161 ng/g (for pyrene). The humic ecosystem of Eniong River had a total PAH load of 11.06 ng/g, while the suites level recorded ranged from 0.04 ng/g for acenaphthene to 2.65 ng/g for chrysene. The total level of PAHs detected in the euryhaline Douglas/Stubbs creek was 14.47 ng/g, and suite concentrations varied between 4.27 ng/g for naphthalene and 5.13 ng/g for acenaphthylene. This shows variation in quantity and quality of PAH contaminants with the nature of ecosystems. It implies complex and diverse contamination sources as well as different capabilities to recover from PAH contamination. Correlation analysis has shown that sediment particle and TOC content influenced PAHs burden in bottom sediments, but the effects varied with the molecular weight of PAHs and the nature of the ecosystems. The TOC was the most significant determinant of PAHs load and distribution in sediment of the freshwater Ikpa River and euryhaline Douglas/Stubbs but had little or no influence in the humic sediment of Eniong River, while the influence of particle size was generally indefinite but slightly associated with PAHs accumulation in the euryhaline sediment. Generally, the total PAH levels (11.0–1055.2 ng/g) recorded were low and below the allowable limit for aquatic sediments. The ecological risk assessment revealed that these levels were lower than the effects range low and effects range medium values. This indicates no acute adverse biological effect although the accumulation of PAHs in freshwater ecosystem of Ikpa River may pose ecological risks as most of the carcinogenic PAH suites had relatively high pollution indices compared to other ecosystem types studied. 相似文献
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Ruiqiang Yang Chuanyong Jing Qinghua Zhang Guibin Jiang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(4):1065-1072
This study investigated the contamination levels and profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in fish from the Niyang River, Tibetan Plateau. The total concentrations of ∑PCB, ∑PBDE and ∑OCP were in the range of 0.246–1.056 ng/g (mean 0.540 ± 0.289 ng/g), 0.280–2.220 ng/g (mean 0.914 ± 0.643 ng/g) and 7.24–13.80 ng/g (mean 10.70 ± 2.31 ng/g), respectively. The total mercury concentration (HgT) in fish ranged from 85 to 217 ng/g dw with an average of 129 ng/g dw, and the concentrations of methyl mercury (MeHg) ranged from 61 to 160 ng/g dw with an average of 102 ng/g dw. The proportion of MeHg contributed to 66–91 % (average 80 %) of HgT for all samples, indicating that organic mercury was the predominant form of mercury in fish muscle. The results revealed that the fish from the Niyang River were contaminated with various persistent toxic pollutants and the potential influencing factors on the bioaccumulation concentration in fish were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis. 相似文献
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从沉积物组成变化看三峡水库蓄水对大宁河沉积环境的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2006年10月采自长江重要支流大宁河中上游河底沉积物约42cm长的岩芯样品进行X射线衍射（XRD）、总碳（TC）和有机碳（TOC）分析。实验结果表明:（1）该研究时段内沉积物中主要的矿物类型是石英和方解石,总碳含量为33～57g／kg,有机碳含量为8～34g／kg;（2）沉积剖面中总碳和有机碳含量从10cm深的部位向岩芯顶部都发生了急剧的下降,沉积物颜色也在此处由灰色转为红褐色,这可能反映了三峡水库蓄水后,在较低的流速状态下,原来处于位置较高、含碳较低的褐红色粘土受水体淹没并被大量输入河流沉积物中,从而引起了泥沙沉积速率的迅速增加;（3）双龙沉积剖面中有机碳的变化结果还显示,在17～10cm深处沉积物有机碳含量大幅度增加,可能是本区域内该时段人类活动引起有机物质急剧输入到河流中的反映。 相似文献
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鄱阳湖龙口地区沉积物中有机氯农药的垂向分布特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采用电子捕获检测器气相色谱仪(GC-ECD)测定鄱阳湖龙口地区4个沉积物柱样中有机氯农药含量。结果表明,4个沉积物柱样间有机氯农药含量差异显著,总有机氯农药(∑OCPs)含量为7.78~93.7ng/g,总六六六(∑HCHs)含量为0.73~39.6ng/g,总滴滴涕(∑DDTs)的含量为2.44~49.4ng/g。与国内其他同类样品相比,研究区各化合物的含量水平明显偏高;沉积物中总有机碳(TOC)和OCPs有较好的相关关系;与沉积物风险评估值对比,鄱阳湖龙口地区的有机氯农药存在一定的生态风险。 相似文献
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Black carbon (BC) in soils plays a key role of carrying hydrophobic pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, little is known about the spatial distribution, sources of BC and its relationship with PAHs in urban soils. We studied BC, total organic carbon (TOC) and PAHs concurrently in 77 soils collected from downtown area, suburban and rural area and industrial area of Shanghai, China. BC was determined by both chemical oxidation (dichromate oxidation, BCCr) and chemo-thermal oxidation (CTO-375, BCCTO). BC sources were identified qualitatively by BC/TOC concentration ratios and BC-cogenerated high molecular weight (HMW) PAH isomer ratios and quantitatively by principal component analysis followed by multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR). Results showed that BCCr concentration (4.65 g/kg on average) was significantly higher than BCCTO (1.91 g/kg on average) in Shanghai soils. BCCr concentrations in industrial area were significantly higher than those in other two. Stronger correlation was found between PAHs and TOC, BCCr than that between PAHs and BCCTO, which indicates the possibility of PAHs being carried by charcoal and other organic matters thus negating its exclusive dependence on soot. Charcoal was therefore suggested to be taken into account in studies of BC and its sorption of PAHs. BC/TOC ratios showed a mixed source of biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion. PCA scores of BC-cogenerated HMW PAHs isomer ratios in potential sources and soil samples clearly demonstrated that sources of BC in urban soils may fall into two categories: coal and biomass combustion, and traffic (oil combustion and tire wear). PCA-MLR of HMW PAHs concentrations in soil samples indicated that coal and oil combustion had the largest contribution to BC in urban soils while tire wear and biomass combustion were important in downtown and rural area, respectively, which indicated they were main sources of HMW PAHs and presumably of BC. 相似文献
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地表松散沉积物中不同粒级的颗粒蕴含着不同的信息,这种差异与其物质来源、搬运和沉积过程中的分选作用以及沉积后的风化作用等有关。因此,可根据沉积物中不同粒级颗粒地球化学特征与矿物组成的差异,进行沉积物物源追踪或沉积环境重建。选择青藏高原在气候和地貌方面具有典型意义的柴达木盆地、错那湖、雅鲁藏布江流域作为研究区,分别采集了这几个地区的沙丘沙、黄土、湖积物、冲积物、洪积物、残坡积物等地表松散沉积物样品,用干筛法将沉积物样品分为两个部分,粗颗粒部分粒径范围为≥75~500 μm,细颗粒部分粒径<75 μm。对上述粗、细颗粒分别进行稀土与微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素、轻矿物组成的实验室分析测试,并对沉积物中粗、细颗粒的测试结果采用古典多维尺度方法进行相似性分析。结果表明：青藏高原松散沉积物中粗、细颗粒在轻矿物组成、微量和稀土元素含量、稀土特征、元素参数等方面存在差异;细颗粒部分蕴含了更多的环境信息,富含容易受化学风化影响的黏土矿物以及硬度较小、容易被磨蚀的方解石等矿物。在物源示踪中不同气候区的沉积物细颗粒不宜进行直接比较,应根据样品的粒度分布情况优先选择合适的粗颗粒组分进行物源示踪。 相似文献
18.
Speciation of Hg and conversion to methyl-Hg were evaluated in stream sediment, stream water, and aquatic snails collected downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon. Total production from the Bonanza mine was >1360 t of Hg, during mining from the late 1800s to 1960, ranking it as an intermediate sized Hg mine on an international scale. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution, transport, and methylation of Hg downstream from a Hg mine in a coastal temperate climatic zone. Data shown here for methyl-Hg, a neurotoxin hazardous to humans, are the first reported for sediment and water from this area. Stream sediment collected from Foster Creek flowing downstream from the Bonanza mine contained elevated Hg concentrations that ranged from 590 to 71,000 ng/g, all of which (except the most distal sample) exceeded the probable effect concentration (PEC) of 1060 ng/g, the Hg concentration above which harmful effects are likely to be observed in sediment-dwelling organisms. Concentrations of methyl-Hg in stream sediment collected from Foster Creek varied from 11 to 62 ng/g and were highly elevated compared to regional baseline concentrations (0.11–0.82 ng/g) established in this study. Methyl-Hg concentrations in stream sediment collected in this study showed a significant correlation with total organic C (TOC, R2 = 0.62), generally indicating increased methyl-Hg formation with increasing TOC in sediment. Isotopic-tracer methods indicated that several samples of Foster Creek sediment exhibited high rates of Hg-methylation. Concentrations of Hg in water collected downstream from the mine varied from 17 to 270 ng/L and were also elevated compared to baselines, but all were below the 770 ng/L Hg standard recommended by the USEPA to protect against chronic effects to aquatic wildlife. Concentrations of methyl-Hg in the water collected from Foster Creek ranged from 0.17 to 1.8 ng/L, which were elevated compared to regional baseline sites upstream and downstream from the mine that varied from <0.02 to 0.22 ng/L. Aquatic snails collected downstream from the mine were elevated in Hg indicating significant bioavailability and uptake of Hg by these snails. Results for sediment and water indicated significant methyl-Hg formation in the ecosystem downstream from the Bonanza mine, which is enhanced by the temperate climate, high precipitation in the area, and high organic matter. 相似文献
19.
Spatial distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in surface soils of Hassi Messaoud, Algeria 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
An increase in heavy metal pollution in the soils of Hassi Messaoud (Algeria) due to intense industrialization and urbanization has become a serious environmental problem. There are three large industrial complexes that have been established in the region of Hassi Messaoud for petroleum extraction field and refinery. The region hosts several industrial facilities which are the main sources for hazardous wastes. Surface soil samples from 58 sampling sites (systematically sampled; 1 × 1 km regular grid), including different functional areas in Hassi Messaoud, were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the average concentrations of Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn in soil of Hassi Messaoud were up to 13.17, 35.78, 121.21, 130.97 and 61.08 mg/kg, respectively. Ni concentrations were comparable to background values, while Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn concentrations were higher than their corresponding background values. Among the functional areas, the industrial regions displayed the highest metal concentrations, while the lowest concentrations occurred in rural soil. Principal component analysis coupled with cluster analysis showed that: (1) Pb and Zn had anthropogenic sources; and (2) Ni, Cu and Mn were associated with parent materials. Contaminations in soils were classified as geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor. Pollution index values of Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn varied in the range of 0.04–5.41, 0.46–2.49, 0.01–5.73, 0.62–152.9 and 0.09–53.01, with mean values of 1.32, 1.08, 1.26, 5.64 and 3.1, respectively. The integrated pollution index (IPI) of all the analyzed samples varied from 0.42 to 31.59, with a mean of 2.48, and more than 5.45 % of samples are extremely contaminated; 18.18 % are heavily contaminated; 60 % are moderately contaminated; and others are low contaminated. The spatial distribution of IPI showed that desert and rural areas displayed relatively lower heavy metal contamination in comparison with other areas. 相似文献
20.
Use of Pyracantha coccinea Roem. as a possible biomonitor for the selected heavy metals 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
N. Akguc M.Sc. I. Ozyigit Ph.D. U. Yasar Ph.D. Z. Leblebici Ph.D. C. Yarci Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(3):427-434
In this study, copper, iron, manganese and nickel levels of branches and leaves of Pyracantha coccinea Roem. (firethorn) were measured for determining the heavy metal pollution in Mugla Province. Plant samples were collected from 34 different localities in four different areas of Mugla Province, during 2006 vegetation period. Unwashed and washed leaf samples and unwashed branch samples were subjected to analysis and copper, iron, manganese and nickel concentrations of samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The obtained data were analyzed with “statistical package for the social sciences” statistics program. As a result of measurements, the highest average and lowest values and their collected stations were as follows; the highest average (5.89 ± 0.04 μg/g dw) and the lowest (5.20 ± 0.03 μtg/g dw) values of copper were measured near highways. The average highest iron value (9.53 ±1.68 μtg/g dw) was in industrial area while the lowest was near highways (1.73 ± 0.54 μtg/g dw). The highest value of magnesium accumulation (1.00 ± 0.16 μtg/gdw) was measured near highways. The lowest value was determined in urban area (0.40 ± 0.14 μtg/g dw). The average highest level of nickel was in industrial area while the lowest was determined in urban area. The values were 14.34 ± 1.59 μtg/g and 4.05 ± 0.51 μtg/g dw. As a result, it was proven that P. coccinea could be used as a biomonitor species for some of these heavy metals especially for copper and nickel. 相似文献