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为了查明曹妃甸浅层地下水水化学及咸化成因,采集研究区河水、地下淡水、微咸水、咸水、卤水、雨水和海水等不同类型水样,对其水化学组成、离子比、Piper三线图、吉布斯图、氢氧同位素组成及14C测年结果进行了分析。结果表明：(1)曹妃甸浅层地下水包括全新世沉积层潜水和晚更新世沉积层微承压水,且非原始封存在地层中而是形成于全新世中晚期。(2)地下潜水向海方向分布有淡水、微咸水、咸水水质类型,微承压水以咸水和卤水为主要水质类型;近冲洪积扇前缘水化学特征主要受岩石风化作用控制,围填海区及河口处水化学特征受海水混合作用控制,滨海平原区水化学特征主要受蒸发/结晶作用控制。(3)曹妃甸浅层地下水咸化过程主要是晚更新世以来海侵海退时期形成海洋蒸发盐经大气降水和河水多期溶滤所致,其盐分来源于海水蒸发盐,河口及围填海区地下潜水盐分主要来源于现代海水入侵。 相似文献
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滨海平原地区地下水流系统水化学场演化过程复杂,同时受古海侵咸化以及现代人类活动影响,当前对其专门分析的研究较少.以杭嘉湖平原为例,综合运用多元统计和水化学分析方法,对采集的78个深层孔隙承压水样品水化学数据进行解译.研究表明:区内水化学分区可划分为“古海侵区”、“径流排泄区”、“海水咸化区”,水化学类型依次为Na-Cl-HCO3型、Na-HCO3和Na-Ca-HCO3型、Na-Cl型.深层地下水化学成因包括“海水入侵和离子交换”、“天然矿物溶解”、“人类活动”.滨海平原区地下水流系统无明显级次划分,地下水化学场演化先后经历原生淡水形成、古海侵咸化、人为超采和现代海水入侵3个阶段,当前不同程度的“人类活动”已取代自然过程成为驱动区内地下水流系统、尤其是水化学场演化的主要因素. 相似文献
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大连大魏家水源地海水入侵过程中水文地球化学作用分析及定量模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大连大魏家水源地位于中国北方典型滨海岩溶地区。近年来,地下淡水不合理开采造成的地下水位降落漏斗引发了严重的海水入侵。本文以大魏家水源地海水入侵为研究对象,通过大量的水文地质调查和水化学样品测试分析,探讨了海水入侵形成的水动力条件,通过绘制Piper图、以Cl^-为天然示踪剂计算了海水和地下淡水的混合比例、实际浓度和理论浓度的对比、水化学组成特征分析等方法,探讨了该区岩溶含水层在海水入侵过程中所发生的主要水文地球化学作用,并对其进行了定量模拟,进而阐明了岩溶含水层中的海水入侵机理。研究结果表明,研究区微成水和成水并不是地下水淡水和海水简单混合而成。利用反向水文地球化学模拟揭示了控制滨海岩溶含水层中水化学演化的主要水文地球化学反应有方解石、蒙脱石和石膏的溶解作用,伊利石的沉淀作用以及Ca—Na离子交换作用,伴随着CO2的释放,石膏的溶解并没引起白云石化作用。 相似文献
5.
环境同位素特征对滨海岩溶地区海水入侵过程的指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大连大魏家水源地位于中国北方典型滨海岩溶地区。近30年来,地下淡水的不合理开采造成的地下水位降落漏斗引发了严重的海水入侵。以大魏家水源地为研究对象,通过大量的水文地质调查和水化学及同位素采样测试分析,探讨海水入侵形成的水动力条件,通过分析滨海岩溶含水层中地下水主要水化学和多种同位素(δ2H-δ18O,δ34S,δ13C)组成特征,识别了海水入侵过程中发生的主要水文地球化学作用,并对其进行了定量模拟,从而阐明了岩溶含水层中的海水入侵机理。研究结果表明:大连大魏家海水入侵主要通道为大魏家地区存在的导水断裂、岩溶裂隙以及第四系松散地层。对δ2H-δ18O同位素的组成分析表明,研究区地下水主要来自大气降水补给,结合Cl-浓度分布,认为除海水入侵淡水含水层后增加了地下水中的盐分外,浅层地下水的蒸发也对地下水中盐分的累积起到了重要作用。根据不同水体中δ34SSO4,δ13CHCO3等同位素特征,结合水化学成分(如SO2-4,Cl-)分析认为,研究区微咸水和咸水并不是地下水淡水和海水简单混合而成。利用反向水文地球化学模拟揭示了控制滨海岩溶含水层中水化学演化的主要水文地球化学反应有方解石、蒙脱石和石膏的溶解作用,伊利石的沉淀作用以及Ca-Na离子交换作用,伴随着CO2的释放。 相似文献
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焦作矿区地下水水化学特征及其地球化学模拟 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了研究焦作矿区地下水水化学演化机制,查明岩溶水的主要补给来源,为矿井突水防范提供科学依据,对研究区域地下水系统取样分析。综合应用Piper三角图示法、岩性影响分析、相关性分析、总溶解固体分析和水文地球化学过程的定量模拟技术,系统地研究地下水水化学的空间分布规律和演化趋势;建立了地下水质量平衡模型,以提供岩溶地下水化学成分演化机理的定量信息;揭示了Ca2+-Na+、Mg2+-Na+阳离子交换作用、风化溶滤作用、蒸发浓缩作用、白云石的非全等溶解是地下水质演化的主要水文化学过程,为推断矿区地下水的补给来源提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为揭示保定平原地下水水化学特征及演化规律,本文以保定平原为研究对象,对216组地下水样水化学特征进行了分析。综合运用Piper三线图、Gibbs图、相关离子分析等方法,研究了保定平原区深浅层地下水化学组成及水化学类型空间分布特征,识别了水化学形成机制与控制作用,在此基础上分析了水化学演化的成因。结果表明：沿地下水径流方向,浅层地下水与深层地下水主要离子含量呈现明显的递变规律,TDS、Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4、HCO-3含量逐渐升高,K+、Ca2+逐渐降低,地下水优势阳离子Ca2+主导地位逐渐被Na+代替,优势阴离子HCO-3主导地位逐渐向Cl-过渡。地下水化学特征主要受水岩作用、阳离子交替吸附作用以及人类活动共同影响,水岩作用以碳酸盐岩和铝硅酸盐岩共同溶滤作用为主;浅层地下水受人类活动影响较大,影响离子主要为NO-3,集中分布于补给区,除了与农业活动相关外,主要与山前平原岩性颗粒粗,具有较强的渗透性有关。 相似文献
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为揭示保定平原地下水水化学特征及演化规律,本文以保定平原为研究对象,对216组地下水样水化学特征进行了分析。综合运用Piper三线图、Gibbs图、相关离子分析等方法,研究了保定平原区深浅层地下水化学组成及水化学类型空间分布特征,识别了水化学形成机制与控制作用,在此基础上分析了水化学演化的成因。结果表明：沿地下水径流方向,浅层地下水与深层地下水主要离子含量呈现明显的递变规律,TDS、Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4、HCO-3含量逐渐升高,K+、Ca2+逐渐降低,地下水优势阳离子Ca2+主导地位逐渐被Na+代替,优势阴离子HCO-3主导地位逐渐向Cl-过渡。地下水化学特征主要受水岩作用、阳离子交替吸附作用以及人类活动共同影响,水岩作用以碳酸盐岩和铝硅酸盐岩共同溶滤作用为主;浅层地下水受人类活动影响较大,影响离子主要为NO-3,集中分布于补给区,除了与农业活动相关外,主要与山前平原岩性颗粒粗,具有较强的渗透性有关。 相似文献
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山东烟台夹河中、下游地区海水入侵三维水质数值模拟研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
建立了三维变密度对流弥散水质数学模型来研究山东省烟台夹河中、下游地区咸淡水界面的运移规律。以四面体为基本离散单元 ,推导出三维海水入侵变密度水质模型求解的数值方法 ,其中水流方程求解时运用了迦辽金有限单元法。溶质运移方程求解时运用了欧拉拉格朗日混合方法 ,将对流项与弥散项分离 ,用传统迦辽金有限元方法求解弥散项 ;采用自适应MOC MMOC法求解对流项 ,以消除人工过量和数值弥散。根据地下水的潮汐效应观测信息 ,确定了含水系统的海底延伸边界 ;利用该地区地下水水头及水质长观资料识别了模型的水文地质参数 ,探讨了夹河地区海水入侵的原因 :认为夹河下游地区滨海地带地下水过量开采是造成烟台地区海水入侵的主要原因。此外 ,海水随潮定期地倒灌进入夹河 ,通过局部岩性天窗侵入淡水含水层加剧了沿夹河河床两侧地下水的咸化。同时还预测了几种情况下地下水的水质演化趋势 ,为防止和减轻夹河地区海水入侵提供合理、科学的依据。 相似文献
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在分析研究区水文地质条件基础上,沿地下水运动方向,重点研究典型剖面水化学在地下水循环演化的指示意义。结果表明:"1号剖面"潜水主要水化学组分浓度在地貌类型(强倾斜砾质、缓倾斜含砾细土、冲洪积细土平原区)分界部位浓度上升,出现峰值。由北向南水化学类型依次为HCO_3—Ca、HCO_3·SO_4—Ca·Mg、HCO_3·SO_4—Ca·Na。"2号剖面"主要阳离子与阴离子具有相同的变化规律,在沿程变化图中出现了一个明显的拐点,即水样F4W04点。从水样点YN01W20到F4W04点,如Ca2+从188.4 mg/L降至48.1 mg/L等。由北向南水化学类型依次为HCO_3·SO_4—Ca·Na、HCO_3·SO_4—Ca·Mg、HCO_3—Ca。水化学结果指示了存在局部循环系统、中间循环系统,地下水以水平方向运移演化特征为主,循环交替强度由北向南逐步减弱,并且地下水循环速率与所处地貌类型紧密相关。 相似文献
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Determining groundwater protection zones for the Quaternary aquifer of northeastern Nile Delta using GIS-based vulnerability mapping 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Hossam H. Elewa Ragaa E. Shohaib Atef A. Qaddah Ahmad M. Nousir 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(2):313-331
The area of study lies at the northeastern part of Nile Delta. Global shoreline regression and sea-level rise have their own-bearing on the groundwater salinization due to seawater intrusion. A new adopted approach for vulnerability mapping using the hydrochemical investigations, geographic information system and a weighted multi-criteria decision support system (WMCDSS) was developed to determine the trend of groundwater contamination by seawater intrusion. Six thematic layers were digitally integrated and assigned different weights and rates. These have been created to comprise the most decisive criteria used for the delineation of groundwater degradation due to seawater intrusion. These criteria are represented by the total dissolved solids, well discharge, sodium adsorption ratio, hydrochemical parameter (Cl/HCO3), hydraulic conductivity and water types. The WMCDSS modeling was tried, where a groundwater vulnerability map with four classes ranging from very low to high vulnerability was gained. The map pinpointed the promising localities for groundwater protection, which are almost represented by the very low or low vulnerability areas (53.69 % of the total study area). The regions having high and moderate groundwater vulnerability occupy 46.31 % of total study area, which designate to a deteriorated territory of groundwater quality, and needs special treatment and cropping pattern before use. However, the moderate groundwater vulnerability class occupies an area of about 28.77 % of the total mapped area, which highlighted the need for certain management practices to prevent the saltwater intrusion from expanding further to the south. There was a good correlation of the constructed vulnerability map with the recently gathered water quality data and hydrochemical facies evolution. The plotting of water quality data on Piper trilinear diagram revealed the evolution of freshwater into the mixing and the saline zones as an impact of seawater intrusion, which validates the model results. 相似文献
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Groundwater salinization in the Azores archipelago (Portugal) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
J. Virgílio Cruz Rui Coutinho Dina Pacheco Raquel Cymbron Paulo Antunes Pedro Freire Sandra Mendes 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(6):1273-1285
Groundwater salinization in coastal regions causes severe constraints to water supply and economic losses to society worldwide. In the Azores archipelago, groundwater abstraction in wells drilled in coastal aquifers is very important for water supply, and quality problems have been reported. Therefore, a groundwater chemistry dataset from wells was compiled to study groundwater salinization in these aquifers. Waters are mainly of the Na–Cl type, presenting a slightly acidic to slightly alkaline character, with a pH between 5.63 and 8.50 (median 7.40). Electrical conductivity measurements range from 127 to 9,670 μS/cm (median 862), suggesting highly variable mineralization, with higher values observed on Santa Maria, São Miguel, Pico, Graciosa, and São Jorge islands. The major-ion composition reflects the contribution of seawater to the groundwater compositional evolution, which is essentially explained by seawater intrusion into wells. In many samples, exchange reactions of Na+ + K+ for Ca2+ + Mg2+ are associated with salinization. The seawater fraction in groundwater composition reaches a maximum of 22.5%. These results are extremely challenging to water managers in the Azores because failure to comply with national water quality regulations and with European Union groundwater directive requirements often occurs. 相似文献
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Use of hydrochemical parameters for the identification of fresh groundwater resources,Potharlanka Island,India 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A hydrochemical study has been carried out on the fresh groundwater resources of Potharlanka, Krishna Delta, India. Groundwater samples were collected at 58 sites and analyzed in June and December 2001. The groundwater is mildly alkaline with a pH of 7.2–8.2, electrical conductivity (EC) varies from 645–4,700 µS/cm in June 2001 (pre-monsoon) and from 605–5,770 µS/cm in December 2001 (post-monsoon). More than 75% of the samples have >1000 mg/l TDS which is higher than the maximum permissible limit for potable water. Na and Cl are the dominating cations and these are directly proportional to TDS. Extremely low HCO 3/Cl and variable high Mg/Ca (molar ratios) indicated the transformation of the fresh groundwater aquifer systems to saline. Groundwater of this island is classified as Na–Cl, Na–Ca–Cl–HCO 3, Na–Mg–Cl–SO 4 and mixed types. A high percentage of mixed water types indicates the possibility of simultaneous fresh groundwater dilution activity along with a seawater ingression/intrusion process. Low rainfall and excessive withdrawal of groundwater has caused the increase of saline water intrusion. 相似文献
14.
Adel Kharroubi Faten Tlahigue Belga?em Agoubi Chafai Azri Salem Bouri 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(7):2089-2100
Coastal aquifers are considered as major sources for freshwater supply worldwide, especially in arid zones. The weak rainfall as well as the intensive extraction of groundwater from coastal aquifers reduce freshwater budget and create local water aquifer depression, causing both seawater intrusion and a threat to groundwater. This phenomenon was observed in the Jerba Island which is located in southeast Tunisia. Jerba??s unconfined aquifer shows high values of groundwater salinity reaching, locally, 17?g/l and a strong contrast between some zones of the aquifer. High pumping rates and weak recharge disturb the natural equilibrium between fresh and saline water causing water salinization in most areas of the island. This study aims at establishing the salinity map of the aquifer and identifying the origin of groundwater salinization. The salinity map shows that zones characterized by low groundwater salinity are located in the center of the study area. High groundwater salinities are observed near the coast and in some parts having low topographic and piezometric levels. Groundwater geochemical characterization, and Br/Cl and Na/Cl ratios suggest that the origin of abnormal salinity is seawater intrusion. Considering groundwater salinity values and Br concentrations, a seawater intrusion map is established. It shows that many areas of the unconfined aquifer are contaminated by mixed groundwater and seawater. The statistical analysis demonstrates that high mineralization of the groundwater is due to gypsum and carbonate dissolution coupled with the mixed groundwater and seawater in many areas. 相似文献
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Improvement of groundwater quality due to fresh water ingress in Potharlanka Island, Krishna delta, India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hydrochemical study had been carried out on the groundwater resources of Potharlanka Island, Krishna delta, India. Groundwater
samples were collected and analyzed at 42 sites in December 2001 and October 2006. A comparative study of hydrochemical data
indicates: groundwater is mildly alkaline with a pH of 7.0–8.2; electrical conductivity (EC) varies from 605 to 5,770 μS/cm
in December 2001, and 652–5,310 μS/cm in October 2006. More than 62% of the groundwater samples in 2006 have TDS value <2,000 mg/l,
which is within permissible limit of potable water, but 57% of the samples in 2001, are higher than the maximum permissible
limit. Extremely low HCO3/Cl and variable high Mg/Ca (molar ratios) had been indicated the transformation of the fresh groundwater aquifer systems
to saline in 2001. Groundwater of this Island is mainly classified as Na–Cl and mixed types. A high percentage of Na–Cl type
of these waters indicates the possibility of seawater ingression/intrusion process during 2001 and comparatively mixed water
type indicates the dilution activities of groundwater. Excessive withdrawal of groundwater has caused the increase of saline
water intrusion. Improvement of groundwater quality in this Island due to artificial recharge structures made by NGRI under
RGNDWM project and affects of the flood due to heavy rainfall of the months of September–October 2005 are discussed in this
paper. 相似文献
16.
Juan Carlos Bidegain S. Jurado M. A. E. Chaparro M. Gómez Samus S. Zicarelli A. V. Parodi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(3):749-763
The deterioration of groundwater quality, particularly due to salinization, because of the overexploitation of groundwater in the Lower Central Plain of Thailand remains a major concern. With increasing demand for water there is a growing need for sustainable management of the resource, which would benefit from an improved understanding of the sources of chloride contamination. Thus, a hydrochemical and isotopic study was carried out to chemically characterize groundwater and to investigate possible sources of salinization, and in particular of chloride contamination, in the multi-layered Bangkok aquifer system. Groundwater samples were taken from four topmost aquifers (Bangkok, Phra Pradaeng, Nakhon Luang, and Nonthaburi). Additionally, short-term rainwater sampling, as well as river and seawater sampling was performed and later analyzed for ionic composition and stable water isotopes. Ionic and isotopic data indicate at least three different recharge sources for groundwater. The major recharge source is rainwater. The influence of seawater is limited to the coastal region and tidally influenced areas of the two main rivers (Chao Phraya and Tha Chin). Bromide data also suggest the influence of saline water in deeper aquifers due to trapped water. Most importantly, although the influence of seawater on groundwater is recognizable, the surrounding geology contributes a significant number of dissolved ions detected in the groundwater. 相似文献
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The integrated impacts of natural processes and human activities on groundwater salinization in the coastal aquifers of Beihai,southern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Salinization in coastal aquifers is usually related to both seawater intrusion and water–rock interaction. The results of chemical and isotopic methods were combined to identify the origin and processes of groundwater salinization in Daguansha area of Beihai, southern China. The concentrations of the major ions that dominate in seawater (Cl?, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO 4 2– ), as well as the isotopic content and ratios (2H, 18O, 87Sr/86Sr and 13C), suggest that the salinization occurring in the aquifer of the coastal plain is related to seawater and that the prevailing hydrochemical processes are evaporation, mixing, dissolution and ion exchange. For the unconfined aquifer, groundwater salinization has occurred in an area that is significantly influenced by land-based sea farming. The integrated impacts of seawater intrusion from the Beibuwan Gulf and infiltration of seawater from the culture ponds are identified in the shallowest confined aquifer (I) in the middle of the area (site BBW2). Leakage from this polluted confined aquifer causes the salinization of groundwater in the underlying confined aquifer (II). At the coastal monitoring site (BBW3), confined aquifer I and lower confined aquifer II are heavily contaminated by seawater intrusion. The weak connectivity between the upper aquifers, and the seaward movement of freshwater, prevents saltwater from encroaching the deepest confined aquifer (III). A conceptual model is presented. Above all, understanding of the origin and processes of groundwater salinization will provide essential information for the planning and sustainable management of groundwater resources in this region. 相似文献