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1.
亚洲3个大火成岩省(峨眉山、西伯利亚、德干)对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
峨眉山(～260 Ma)、西伯利亚(～250 Ma)和德干(～66 Ma)大陆溢流玄武岩是世界上3个重要的大火成岩省.大火成岩省至少具有4个通常被用于识别古地幔柱的标志:(1)先于岩浆作用的地表隆升;(2)与大陆裂谷化和裂解事件相伴;(3)与生物灭绝事件联系密切;(4)地幔柱源玄武岩的化学特征.虽然这3个大火成岩省都是来源于原始地幔柱,但是它们的地球化学特征有本质上的差异,反映其地幔柱曾与不同的上地幔库相互作用.(1)峨眉山和西伯利亚大陆溢流玄武岩的母岩浆,在上升过程中经受了与地球化学上和古老克拉通岩石圈地幔相同的上地幔库(EM1型幔源)的相互作用;(2)而德干大火成岩省没有受到地壳(或岩石圈)混染的原生玄武岩则显示地幔柱和EM2之间的Sr-Nd同位素变化.这种差异有可能制约了3个大火成岩省的成矿潜力.峨眉山和西伯利亚大火成岩省含有世界级岩浆矿床,而德干大火成岩省则不含矿. 相似文献
2.
峨眉山大火成岩省和西伯利亚大火成岩省是发生于二叠 -三叠纪之交的重要岩浆事件。它们在主要元素、微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征上具有相似姓 ,但是峨眉山大火成岩省的不相容元素比值和同位素比值的变化范围相对要小一些。相对而言 ,峨眉山玄武岩具有高的Fe8和Sm/Yb值 ,暗示了其熔融深度较西伯利亚大火成岩省深 ,而熔融程度较低 ,两者的源区均为石榴石二辉橄榄岩。根据Nd同位素特征估算峨眉山和西伯利亚地幔柱的 Nd≈ 2 ,接近于原始地幔特征。综合其他地球化学特征 ,认为两个大火成岩省可能起源于同一个来自于核 -幔边界的超级地幔柱 相似文献
3.
塔里木盆地二叠纪玄武岩的地球化学特征及其与峨眉山大火成岩省的对比 总被引：14，自引：10，他引：4
中国西部地区发育了塔里木大火成岩省和峨眉山大火成岩省,分别形成于280Ma左右和258~260Ma。对比两个大火成岩省的玄武岩的地球化学特征,发现塔里木玄武岩的岩石地球化学特征与峨眉山玄武岩相似,Fe 2O3＝15.29%~17.97%,大于10%,比MORB富铁,指示其深源以及地幔柱源特征,为典型的溢流玄武岩。稀土元素比值显示其落在由石榴石二辉橄榄岩组成的原始地幔熔融线上,表明该玄武岩是在厚的岩石圈下由异常热的地幔经低部分熔融形成的。微量元素特征比值分析,揭示了塔里木玄武质岩浆在上升过程中受到了一定程度的地壳混染。塔里木大火成岩省和峨眉山大火成岩省一样,可能起源同一个来自于核幔边界的超级地幔柱,它们很可能是塔里木板块和扬子板块在二叠纪北向漂移过程中先后穿越同一个超级地幔柱的结果。 相似文献
4.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2017,(3)
本文简要总结了国家重点基础研究发展计划项目《二叠纪地幔柱构造与地表系统演变》的主要研究进展:(1)峨眉山大火成岩省形成于~259 Ma,持续时间小于1 Ma,是地幔柱头熔融的产物;塔里木大火成岩省为多阶段喷发(~300,~290,280 Ma),持续时间超过20 Ma,是孕育地幔柱活动的产物。(2)利用综合地球物理方法发现峨眉山大火成岩省内带上下地壳界面"消失"、下地壳增厚且具高波速特征、岩石圈地幔减薄,是地幔柱熔融产物在地壳不同深度底侵和内侵的结果。(3)完善了大火成岩省岩浆矿床的形成机理,构建了地幔柱成矿系统的基本框架,提出地幔柱结构、岩浆源区特征、结晶分异过程、硫化物饱和、地壳混染和岩浆侵位过程等是地幔柱成矿的关键控制因素。(4)从相对和绝对时间角度确证了西伯利亚和峨眉山大火成岩省分别对应于二叠纪末(PTB)和瓜德鲁普统-乐平统界线(GLB)生物灭绝事件;重建了华南二叠-三叠纪海水温度和p H值的演变历史,使甄别二叠纪末生物大灭绝的直接诱因成为可能。 相似文献
5.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2017,(3)
塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省是继峨眉山大火成岩省之后在中国境内发现的又一个二叠纪大火成岩省。近十多年来,对塔里木大火成岩省及其与地幔柱和大规模成矿的关系受到极大关注。本文结合近年来国内外的最新研究进展,对塔里木大火成岩省的时空分布、岩石地球化学特征、成因演化和动力学过程以及成矿潜力进行综述。塔里木大火成岩省的残余分布面积达25万km2,岩石类型主要有大陆溢流玄武岩(分布广泛),长英质火山岩类(主要分布在塔里木盆地的北部)和基性-超基性及中酸性侵入岩类等(主要出露于巴楚、巴什索贡和皮羌等地区)。该大火成岩省事件的岩浆活动时间主要集中在292~285 Ma(玄武岩和第一期长英质火山岩类形成阶段)和284~274 Ma(侵入岩类、含钒钛磁铁矿床和第二期长英质火山岩类形成阶段)。系统和深入的岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb同位素研究表明,塔里木大火成岩省从早期喷发的玄武岩到晚期的侵入岩类具有明显不同的地球化学特征,指示其岩浆源区发生了从富集岩石圈地幔来源到地幔柱来源的明显转变。结合相关的地质学和岩石学证据及铂族元素(PGEs)等研究,提出了一个上涌的地幔柱不断向位于岩石圈地幔底部的岩浆源区注入亏损地幔物质、持续改变其同位素地球化学特征并最终形成塔里木大火成岩省各主要岩石类型的岩浆演化新模型。最后,巴楚瓦吉里塔格含钒钛磁铁矿的存在也表明在塔里木大火成岩省中具有找寻大型钒钛磁铁矿床的潜力。 相似文献
6.
中国东部中生代大规模岩浆活动与长英质大火成岩省问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
笔者认为,中国东部中生代大规模岩浆活动很难用太平洋板块的俯冲来解释,中国东部中生代大规模岩浆活动可能相当于几个不同时期发育的长英质大火成岩省,与中生代东亚超级地幔柱的活动有关.世界上存在两类大火成岩省,一类以镁铁质岩为主(M-LIP);另一类以长英质岩为主(F-LIP).中国也存在上述两类大火成岩省,二叠纪的峨眉山玄武岩属于前者,中国东部中生代大规模的岩浆活动属于后者.二者可能均与地幔柱的活动有关,不同在于镁铁质大火成岩省的地幔柱上升停滞在岩石圈底部,在那里发生部分熔融形成大规模玄武岩喷发;而与长英质大火成岩省有关的地幔柱可抵达下地壳底部直接烘烤和加热下地壳,形成长英质成分的岩浆岩.学术界通常认为中国东部中生代大规模岩浆活动与太平洋板块向西俯冲导致的软流圈地幔上升有关,本文却认为它可能与来自下地幔的地幔柱有关.大火成岩省矿产丰富,与镁铁质大火成岩省有关的矿产有铜、镍、铬、铂、钯等,与长英质大火成岩省有关的矿产有金、铜、钨、锡、钼、铋、锑、铀等. 相似文献
7.
大火成岩省是地幔柱作用引起的吗? 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
自Morgan在1971年提出地幔柱假说来解释大洋岛链的火山迁移规律以来,对于地幔柱是否存在一直存在着争论。大火成岩省以短时间内的巨量喷发为特征,这种特殊现象一般被认为是地幔柱作用的结果,原因是它可以解释大火成岩省中的许多现象:(1)短时间内的巨量幔源岩浆;(2)喷发前>500 m的隆起;(3)高温苦橄岩和科马提岩的存在;(4)热点轨迹;(5)在没有挥发分和压力降低的条件下地幔发生熔融;(6)高的3He/4He比值。但是并不是所有大火成岩省都具有上述特征,而且上述现象有的也可以用其他机制来解释,如边缘对流、大规模岩石圈拆沉、裂谷减压和陨石撞击等。但是目前还没有一个模式可以解释所有大火成岩省的所有现象,而总体上大火成岩省的许多地质现象与地幔柱模式较为吻合。 相似文献
8.
地幔柱的概念、分类、演化与大规模成矿——对中国西南部的探讨 总被引：33，自引：2，他引：33
自核幔边界上升的物质 ,当其汇聚成圆柱状的结合体 ,并因其相对于周围地幔环境来说具有温度更高、活动性更强、粘度更低等特点而能够上升到壳幔边界时 ,一般可以演化成为具有宽厚的冠状构造和细长的尾部构造的地幔柱。地幔柱进一步与地壳发生作用 ,可以在地表记录下一系列的热点或形成巨大的火成岩省。根据地幔柱最后出露的位置 ,可以将其分为洋壳和陆壳环境下产出的两种基本类型 ,也可以根据其演化历史分出不同的阶段 ,如初始阶段、上升阶段、成熟阶段和衰退阶段。中国西南部地区可能经历了两次以上的地幔柱冲击 ,二叠纪的峨眉山玄武岩是一个古生代晚期演化比较彻底的地幔柱留下的记录 ,而新生代以来的地幔柱活动可能正在发育 ,深部物质的大规模上隆可能是青藏高原隆升的一个原因 ,大量的散布的幔源岩浆活动和流体作用可能是中国西南部大规模成矿作用的重要原因。 相似文献
9.
系统总结分析了峨眉山大火成岩省的同位素地球化学研究成果。总结前人研究资料中大量峨眉山大火成岩省（ELIP）中玄武岩和侵入体的同位素年龄数据,并结合生物地层学特征,确认我国西南峨眉山大火成岩省中的各个岩石单元的形成时代为251~263 Ma,其中基性-超基性侵入岩体形成于约259 Ma,而作为峨眉山大火成岩省主体的峨眉山玄武岩系形成于251~253 Ma。Sr-Nd、Re-Os、Lu-Hf及O同位素地球化学数据表明峨眉山大火成岩省的源区为地幔柱或者大陆岩石圈地幔(SCLM),其中峨眉山玄武岩与富含Fe-Ti氧化物基性侵入体的Sr-Nd同位素特征相似,具有与OIB相似的同位素性质;而含Cu-Ni硫化物的基性-超基性岩体的同位素特征接近地壳物质,可能与地壳混染作用有关。 相似文献
10.
高Ti玄武岩成因是峨眉山大火成岩省(ELIP)研究的热点问题。由于高Ti玄武岩地球化学特征在空间上存在差异,其岩石成因尚未达成共识。本文系统收集了峨眉山大火成岩省中高Ti玄武岩地球化学数据以及锆石ID-TIMS U-Pb测年结果,并进行统一处理分析与模拟。研究结果显示,峨眉山大火成岩省形成于约259～258 Ma,高Ti玄武岩在大火成岩省全区均有出露。自西向东,岩石年龄无明显变化规律,厚度逐渐变薄。高Ti玄武岩起源于具有富集地幔特征的地幔柱源区,几乎没有遭受地壳混染,经历了低程度部分熔融作用并可能混入了少量岩石圈地幔物质,发生了以单斜辉石为主的分离结晶作用。峨眉山大火成岩省深部存在一个非对称式的地幔柱,自西向东,高Ti玄武质岩浆起源深度变浅、温度降低,熔融深度和压力随之降低,熔融程度相对增大。模拟表明,源区石榴石相和尖晶石相的熔融程度分别为0.5%～2%和5%,石榴石相熔融比例自西向东由90%减小至40%,而尖晶石相熔融比例由10%增大至60%。 相似文献
11.
Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic epochs in the formation history of the Central Asian Foldbelt are distinguished by high rare-metal productivity. A number of large REE, Ta, Nb, Zr, Be, Sn, Li, Mo, Re, and other deposits were formed at that time. As a rule, they are of the magmatic origin and related to the intrusions of highly evolved igneous rocks varying in composition from alkaline ultramafic with carbonatites to alkali and Li-F granites. In general, the occurrences of rare-metal magmatism are related to the rift zones of the Central Asian Rift System formed 310?C190 Ma ago and conjugated with a consecutive series of the Barguzin, Hangay, and Hentiy zonal igneous provinces characterized by the large batholiths in their centers and rift zones in the framework. Such a structure indicates that these provinces were formed above isometric mantle sources or plumes with participation of large-scale crustal anatexis. The evident links of rare-metal deposits to occurrences of mantle magmatism within the zonal igneous provinces show that plume sources played an important role in their formation. 相似文献
12.
Based on the compositions of melt inclusions and coexisting minerals from meymechites and alkali picrites, the temperatures and pressures of the ascending material of the Siberian plume were estimated at the level of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. The melts trapped in olivine show high contents of titanium and other incompatible elements. The rocks crystallized under high oxygen fugacity conditions. The calculated compositions of primary magmas are similar to the compositions of near-solidus melts derived from a dry fertile lherzolite at 7 GPa. The estimated potential temperature is close to 1650°C, which is much higher than the potential temperature of plumes that generate the primary basaltic magmas of mid-ocean ridges. The obtained data show that, during the activity of the giant magma-generating system of the Siberian trap province, hot peridotite masses ascended probably from the core-mantle boundary up to the base of the continental lithosphere. Our results are at odds with the suggestion that the basalt flows of the Siberian and other large igneous provinces are not related to mantle plumes. 相似文献
13.
A number of large areas of igneous provinces produced in North Asia in the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic include Siberian and Tarim traps and giant rift systems. Among them, the Central Asian Rift System (CARS) has the most complicated structure, evolved during the longest time, and is a large (3000 × 600 km) latitudinally oriented belt of rift zones extending from Transbaikalia and Mongolia to Middle Asia and including the Tarim traps in western China. CARS was produced in the Late Carboniferous, and its further evolution was associated with the lateral migration of rifting zones; it ended in the Early Jurassic and lasted for approximately 110 Ma. CARS was produced on an active continental margin of the Siberian continent and is noted for largest batholiths, which were emplaced simultaneously with rifting. The batholiths are surrounded by rift zones and compose, together with them, concentrically zoned magmatic areas, with crustal (granitoid) magmatism focused within their central portions, whereas mantle (rift-related) magmatism is predominant in troughs and grabens in peripheral zones. The batholiths show geological and isotopic geochemical evidence that their granitoids were produced by the anatexis of the host rocks at active involvement of mantle magmas. Zonal magmatic areas of the type are viewed as analogues of large igneous provinces formed in the environments characteristic of active continental margins. Large within-plate magmatic provinces in North Asia are thought to have been generated in relation to the overlap of at least two mantle plumes by the Siberian continent during its movement above the hot mantle field. In the continental lithosphere, mantle plumes initiated within-plate magmatic activity and facilitated rifting and the generation of traps and alkaline basite and alkali-salic magmatic associations. Because of the stressed states during collision of various type in the continental margin, the mantle melts did not ascend higher than the lowest crustal levels. The thermal effect of these melts on the crustal rocks induced anatexis and eventually predetermined the generation of the batholiths. 相似文献
14.
The phanerozoic within-plate magmatism of Siberia is reviewed. The large igneous provinces (LIPs) consecutively arising in
the Siberian Craton are outlined: the Altai-Sayan LIP, which operated most actively 400–375 Ma ago, the Vilyui LIP, which
was formed from the Middle Devonian to the Early Carboniferous, included; the Barguzin-Vitim LIP (305–275 Ma); the Late Paleozoic
Rift System of Central Asia (318–250 Ma); the Siberian flood basalt (trap) province and the West Siberian rift system (250–247
Ma); and the East Mongolian-West Transbaikal LIP (230–195 Ma), as well as a number of Late-Mesozoic and Cenozoic rift zones
and autonomous volcanic fields formed over the last 160 Ma. The trace-element and isotopic characteristics of the igneous
rocks of the above provinces are reviewed; their mantle origin is substantiated and the prevalence of PREMA, EM2, and EM1
mantle magma sources are shown. The paleogeographic reconstructions based on paleomagnetic data assume that the Iceland hot
spot was situated beneath the Siberian flood basalts 250 Ma ago and that the mantle plumes retained a relatively stable position
irrespective of the movements of the lithospheric plates. At present, the Iceland hot spot occurs near the northern boundary
of the African large low shear velocity province (LLSVP). It is suggested that the within-plate Phanerozoic magmatism of Siberia
was related to the drift of the continent above the hot spots of the African LLSVP. 相似文献
15.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2014,55(2):120-143
The Phanerozoic within-plate magmatism and the related deposits of Siberia are reviewed. The formation of post-perovskite at about 2.5 Ga in the Earth’s interior and the isotope characteristics of within-plate igneous rocks have shown that plate tectonics and deep geodynamics started to operate at about 2–2.5 Ga. The assembly and breakup of supercontinents under the effect of the superplumes formed in layer D″ is considered. Thus, the supercontinent–superplume cycles spanning about 700 Ma are recognized in the Earth’s history.The manifestations of the within-plate magmatic activity are found throughout the whole Phanerozoic. It was demonstrated earlier that between 570 and 160 Ma, the Siberian continent drifted within the African hot mantle field or large low shear velocity province (LLSVP). At least four plumes, excluding the superplume leading to the breakup of Rodinia at 750 Ma, interacted with the Siberian continent. The superplume leading to the breakup of Rodinia was also responsible for the origin of ultramafic intrusions with carbonatites hosting rare-metal (Nb, Ta, REE) mineralization as well as ultramafic–mafic intrusions with Cu–Ni–Pt mineralization localized along the rift zones.The plumes originated in other Phanerozoic cycles formed most likely at the lower-upper mantle boundary, where most of the stagnant slabs is accumulated. Those plumes were responsible for the origin of within-plate igneous rocks. The granitic batholiths formed in the centers of zonal area surrounded by rift zones containing abundant rare-metal intrusions with rare-metal mineralization. Gold, tin, base metal, and porphyry copper deposits are also related to these zonal area.The studies have shown that the formation of folded zones and related deposits which surround these zones as well as the structures of cratons and their metallogenic specialization should be considered in terms of both plate tectonics and plume tectonics. 相似文献
16.
Late Paleozoic granitoid magmatism of Eastern Kazakhstan and Western Transbaikalia: plume model test
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2016,57(5):773-789
We present results of a comparative study of Late Paleozoic granitoids of Eastern Kazakhstan and Western Transbaikalia composing the large Kalba-Narym and Angara-Vitim batholiths. We have established that despite the different geologic history of these regions, granitoid magmatism there proceeded nearly synchronously at the Carboniferous/Permian boundary (330–280 Ma) and was accompanied by mantle magmatism. The regularities of its evolution are considered in terms of the plume model and different stages of interaction of mantle plumes with the lithosphere. The major principles of plume-lithosphere interaction in accretion-collision fold belts have been formulated: (1) Plume-lithosphere interaction results in large-scale melting of sublithospheric mantle, lower lithosphere, and crustal substrates warmed by the preceding orogenic processes; (2) The processes last 30 to 50 Myr and produce large volumes of igneous rocks, mostly granitoids; (3) The sequence of formation of granitoid and basic igneous complexes and the metallogenic specialization can be different and depend on the lithosphere structure and preceding geologic history of the region. 相似文献
17.
地幔柱大辩论及如何验证地幔柱假说 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
目前关于地幔柱存在与否的争论主要集中在地幔柱学说的三个假设上:(1)起源于地球核幔边界缓慢上升的细长柱状热物质流;(2)热点下具有异常高温地幔;(3)地幔柱是相对静止的。这三个方面的验证需要今后深部地球物理探测、岩石学和古地磁等学科的综合运用和进一步的工作。文中认为,地幔柱学说依然能合理地解释地球上一级地质现象,反对地幔柱的学者过分强调了一些小尺度的与地幔柱理论不符的细节,而小尺度地壳特征显然还受到其他许多因素的影响。可以从以下5个方面来鉴别老地幔柱:(1)大规模火山作用前的地壳抬升;(2)放射状岩墙群;(3)火山作用的物理特征;(4)火山链的年代学变化;(5)地幔柱产出岩浆的化学组成。研究表明,峨眉山大火成岩省满足其中的3到4个指标,因此地幔柱是形成峨眉山玄武岩的主要动力学机制。 相似文献