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1.
中华神州鸟的发现及其科学意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
季强 《中国地质》2002,29(3):335-336
本文简要回顾了国际鸟类起源研究的历史,论述了中华神州鸟的发现在鸟类起源和早期演化研究中的科学意义,有力支持了鸟类的“兽脚类恐龙起源假说”和“陆地奔跑飞行起源假说”。  相似文献   

2.
钱迈平 《江苏地质》2004,28(2):82-89,i001,i002,F003
近年,越来越多的化石证据表明:过去长期被认为只有鸟类才有的,并作为鸟类区别于其他脊椎动物的一些重要特征,如羽毛、叉骨、胸骨、尾综骨、前肢可折叠于体侧、眼眶与下颞孔相连的头骨及耻骨向侧后伸展的骨盆等,却也在1亿多年前的不少小型兽足类恐龙身上或多或少地存在。于是,越来越多的人们相信鸟类是从小型兽足类恐龙起源。但迄今发现的所有具鸟类特征的恐龙,在时间上却晚于或至多也只是接近目前公认的最早鸟类——晚侏罗世的始祖鸟,而原始鸟类双弓型头骨似乎在暗示:鸟类可能起源于比恐龙更古老的初龙类。这些都对鸟类起源于恐龙的假说提出了质疑。就目前的化石记录而言,鸟类和兽足类恐龙系统演化关系密切是毋庸质疑的。但由于至今未找到在时间上足以演化出鸟类的更古老近裔恐龙,因此还不能说恐龙就是鸟类的祖先。它们可能只是与原始鸟类平行独立发展的姊妹群,二者也许出自一个共同祖先。  相似文献   

3.
季强 《江苏地质》2002,26(4):193-199
鸟类是现生生物中最具特色的动物之一,以其发育了许多独特的形态特征区别于其他的现生生物,如羽毛、角质喙、中空的骨骼、叉骨、具龙骨突的胸骨、尾综骨、对握状的脚趾等等。长期来人们一直想知道鸟类究竟由哪一类生物演化发展而来。但苦于化石材料的贫乏,鸟类的起源问题一直是个令人头疼的迷团,困扰我们长达140多年。通过回顾自19世纪中期以来世界上各种鸟类起源假说,指出随着中国辽西中华龙鸟、原始祖鸟、尾羽鸟等珍稀化石的发现,国际鸟类起源问题已基本上得到解决。越来越多的人相信:鸟类是由恐龙变来的,现代的鸟类就是恐龙的后代,是长羽毛的“恐龙”。  相似文献   

4.
兽脚类恐龙是恐龙动物中的主要代表类群之一。本文综述了兽脚类恐龙的组成及鉴别特征,并论述了其主要演化趋势,介绍了近年来在辽西地区发现的“带羽毛”兽脚类恐龙及其研究意义。  相似文献   

5.
季强  姬书安等 《地质通报》2002,21(7):363-369
记述了辽宁义县早白垩世九佛堂组的一件初鸟类(Avialae)化石,其嘴里地牙,前肢明显长于后肢,尾巴由20多节尾椎组成,叉骨呈U字形,飞行羽毛超过了身体的长度。各种特征表明,新发现的初鸟类真正具有了飞行能力,代表了恐龙向鸟类演化过程中的又一中间环节。正式将其命名为中华神州鸟(Shenzhouroptor sinensis gen.et sp.nvo)。  相似文献   

6.
田晓阳 《广东地质》2004,19(2):20-23
近年来,在中国发现的大量“热河生物群“的化石标本支持了“鸟类的恐龙起源“说,表明飞行的鸟类是由两足行走的兽脚类恐龙演化而来,同时作为鸟类祖先的恐龙还生有四只翅膀,这类恐龙翅膀的功能还主要是用于滑翔,尚不能振翅高飞.  相似文献   

7.
高玮 《地质通报》2003,22(7):545-545
自侯连海先生1997年发表《中国中生代鸟类》专著以后,侯连海先生和他的合作者们又于2002年发表了《中国辽西中生代鸟类》(辽宁科学技术出版社)专著,继续总结关于中国中生代鸟类的研究成果,进一步推动了世界古鸟类学的发展,也使中国成为研究鸟类起源和早期演化的重要基地。该书对中国辽西地区发现的晚侏罗世—早白垩世孔子鸟类群和华夏鸟类群进行了系统研究和总结。全书共分七章:辽西鸟类化石产地(热河生物群)的地质年代;古生物学的重大发现———孔子鸟类群;世界早白垩世最大的鸟类群———华夏鸟类群:鸟类起源的研究与带毛的恐龙;鸟类飞行…  相似文献   

8.
鸟类起源是物种起源中的重大且严肃的科学课题,本文从地层学、鸟类形态学及兽脚恐龙演化等方面分析了有关鸟类的演化特征,对中华龙鸟是鸟类的最早祖、鸟类起源问题已经解决的观点提出了不同看法,认为鸟为原起源演化课题仍需深入探索和研究。  相似文献   

9.
辽西首次发现保存毛发和软件的中生代哺乳动物化石   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
季强 《地质通报》2002,21(1):29-34
中国辽西地区素以产出丰富多彩的中生代热河生物群闻名于世。特别是近几年来,该区大量长羽毛的恐龙、原始鸟类、原始哺乳类和被子植物化石的发现更加引起了国际科学界的极大关注。1997年秋,作者在辽宁北票四合屯地区发现了一块完整的保存有毛发和软体印痕的对齿兽类哺乳动物化石。身体保存有手发和软体印痕的中生代哺乳动物化石在世界上也是罕见的。对对于研究对齿兽形态结构、生物习性、系统关系等方面均具有重要意义。  相似文献   

10.
近年来,辽宁西部及其邻区中生代大量原始鸟类化石及其祖先类型的发现(季强等,1996;侯连海,1997;Ji et al,1998),使我们对鸟类的起源和早期演化有了新的更加全面的认识。本文简要记述一件产自辽西凌源“义县组”的鸟类化石,与该鸟类保存在一起的戴氏狼鳍鱼(Lycoptera davi-di)等化石,为确定该鸟类的时代为晚侏罗世提供了依据。这是辽西冀北一带晚侏罗世鸟类化石的  相似文献   

11.
This paper describes an avialian bird from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Yixian county, western Liaoning, China, which is named as Shenzhouraptor sinensis by Ji et al. on July 15, 2002. Shenzhouraptor sinensis is characterized by no teeth in its mouth, the forelimbs longer than the hindlimbs, a long tail with more than 23 caudal vertebrae, U-shaped wishbone, and remiges longer than the total length of ulna and manus. It is certain that the new avialian bird is really capable of powerful flight, representing a missing link between theropod dinosaurs and birds.  相似文献   

12.
Sapeornithidae is a basal pygostylian family of Early Cretaceous primitive birds, in which only one genus and species, Sapeornis chaoyangensis, was reported before. This paper deals with a new genus and species of this family, Didactylornis jii gen. et sp. nov., which was unearthed from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning. According to our phylogenetic analyses, both Didactylornis gen. nov. and Sapeornis form a sister group, which is basal to the clade formed by Confuciusornis and all the more derived birds, and more closely related to the short-tailed pygostylian birds than to the long-tailed avialian birds. The early history of pygostylian birds is poorly documented except for the studies of Confuciusornis and Sapeornis. The discovery ofDidactylornisjii gen. et sp. nov. adds the new material for the study on the early evolution of birds.  相似文献   

13.
A Iarge number of enantiornithine birds are discovered from the Early Cretaceous Jiufutang Formation in western Liaoning, China. They are all small-sized birds with a few small teeth. The enantiornithine bird from the Jiufutang Formation in the Shangheshou area, Chaoyang, Liaoning Province reported in this paper is the largest individual known in all enantiornithine birds of the Early Cretaceous. However, its teeth possess a feature of pseudoheterodont. Some different development stages of the new teeth substitute the earlier stages and the stages of development are preserved in this specimen. This development pattern is similar to that of Archaeopteryx and alligator but not dinosaur. A well-developed postorbital was also preserved in the skull, which was a diapsidian skull like that of Confuciusornis. Additionally, the distinctive preservation of its prefrontal distinguishes it from other enantiornithine birds of the Early Cretaceous.  相似文献   

14.
<正>Recent discoveries of basal birds have greatly improved our understanding of early bird evolution,yet the evolution of several important features such as cranial kinesis and arboreality remain debated.A new sapeornithid bird,Shenshiornis primita gen.et sp.nov.,based on an articulated skeleton from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning,China,sheds new light on these issues.Shenshiornis possesses a skull as primitive as or even more primitive than that of Archaeopteryx and hind limbs modified for an improved arboreal capability.A cladistic analysis shows that:1) presence of a diapsid skull is a plesiomorphy of the Aves and a kinetic skull evolved incrementally later in avian evolution;and 2) cursorial capability significantly weakens at the base of the Pygostylia due to a change in locomotor system.  相似文献   

15.
吕君昌 《地球学报》2016,37(2):129-140
在江西赣州地区晚白垩世地层中发现的窃蛋龙类化石——赣州华南龙,属于进步窃蛋龙类,其独特的头部特征为研究窃蛋龙类恐龙的颅面演化、古地理分布及古生态环境提供重要信息;在辽西早白垩世义县组地层中发现的大型、前肢短的驰龙类恐龙——孙氏振元龙,为大型、短前肢类型的驰龙类提供羽毛形态学方面的重要信息,为研究驰龙类的多样性、鸟类羽毛以及飞行起源提供了重要依据;在辽西发现的喙嘴龙类翼龙——朝阳东方颌翼龙,是该地区晚侏罗世地层中发现的第一件翼龙标本,不仅填补了时代上的空白,同时对于印证晚侏罗世喙嘴龙类的辐射演化具有重要作用。这些重要发现对于研究窃蛋龙类的演化、驰龙类羽毛演化及鸟类羽毛起源等热点与难点问题提供了重要的参考依据,尤其在发现华南龙的基础上,命名了赣州恐龙动物群。  相似文献   

16.
1 Introduction Enantiornithes were the most blooming branch among the early birds and had distinct diversities. They flourished in the Early Cretaceous (Kurochkim, 1985; Chiappe, 1991; Sanz and Bonaparte, 1992; Boles, 1995; Elzanowski, 1995), and become extinct at the end of the Late Cretaceous. Lots of the birds have been reported in western Liaoning, China (Sereno and Rao, 1992; Zhou, 1995; Hou, 1996, 1997; Sanz and Chiappe, 1996; Sanz et al., 1997; Hou and Chen, 1999; Hou et al., 1…  相似文献   

17.
记述了辽宁义县早白垩世九佛堂组的一件初鸟类(Avialae)化石,其嘴里无牙,前肢明显长于后肢,尾巴由20多节尾椎组成,叉骨呈U字形,飞行羽毛超过了身体的长度。各种特征表明,新发现的初鸟类真正具有了飞行能力,代表了恐龙向鸟类演化过程中的又一中间环节。正式将其命名为中华神州鸟(Shenzhouraptorsinensisgen.etsp.nov.)。  相似文献   

18.
A new troodontid dinosaur,Daliansaurus liaoningensis gen.et sp.nov.,is erected based on a nearly complete specimen from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Beipiao City,Liaoning Province,China.This well preserved skeleton provides important new details of the anatomy for Liaoning troodontids,and gives new insight into their phylogenetic relationships and evolution.Daliansaurus is distinguished from other troodontids by an enlarged ungual on pedal digit IV,which is approximately the same size as the sickle-shaped second ungual,and is differentiated from other Liaoning troodontids by a number of characters of the skull,manus,pelvis,and hindlimb.A phylogenetic analysis recovers Daliansaurus within a subclade of Liaoning troodontids that also includes Sinovenator,Sinusonasus,and Mei.We erect a name for this group—Sinovenatorinae—and argue that it reflects a localized radiation of small-bodied troodontids in the Early Cretaceous of eastern Asia,similar to previously recognized radiations of Liaoning dromaeosaurids and avialans.As more Liaoning theropods are discovered,it is becoming apparent that small,feathered paravians were particularly diverse during the Early Cretaceous,and future work is needed to clarify how this diversity arose,which species coexisted,and how these numerous species partitioned niches.  相似文献   

19.
The Early Cretaceous Zhidan Group in the northern Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia, yielded a large number of tetrapods, including turtles, choristoderes, crocodyliforms, psittacosaurs, stegosaurs, theropods and birds. Well-preserved sauropod teeth have been found in the Luohandong Formation, a middle-upper unit of the Zhidan Group. The large V-shaped wear facet, low slenderness index value, labial grooves, lingual ridge and concavity on the tooth crown suggest that these teeth are from titanosauriforms. Moreover, the presence of the prominent bosses on the lingual side of the tooth crown indicates these teeth should be identified as Euhelopus teeth further. The existence of Euhelopus in Ordos Basin (Inner Mongolia), Shandong Province and western Liaoning Province shows some connections about vertebrate faunas during Early Cretaceous in these areas. Other tetrapod groups such as turtles (Sinemys, Ordosemys), choristoderes (Ikechosaurus), psittacosaurs (Psittacosaurus) and birds (Cathayornis) provide more evidences for this viewpoint.  相似文献   

20.
中国中生代鸟类研究概述   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
侯连海  顾玉才等 《江苏地质》1999,23(3):T001-T005
对最近轰动世界的我国中生代鸟类化石的系统结果表明,中国是目前中生代早期鸟类化石产地和化石发现最多的地区,从晚侏罗世到早白垩世存在两个亚纲的鸟类分子,晰鸟亚纳(Sauriurae)和今鸟亚纲(Ornithurae),鸟类从爬行动物分化出来不久即分为两大支系向前演化,孔子鸟(Confuciusornis)和辽宁鸟(Liaoningornis)的发现证明,始祖鸟(Archaeopteryx)只是鸟类进化的一个旁支,不是最早的鸟类,孔子鸟代表鸟类向飞行进行的主流,辽宁鸟是目前今鸟亚纲最早的代表,鸟类在进化过程中渐变和突变同时并存,鸟类的历史应大大向前推移。  相似文献   

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