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1.
通过研究马五段去白云石化作用的成因及发生模式,可进一步了解鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集层成岩和物性的演化。通过岩心与薄片的观察,结合地球化学方法,和对白云岩的碳、氧同位素与微量元素的测定,分析了去白云石化作用成因及成岩演化过程,并结合物性资料分析去白云石化作用对储集层的影响,建立了研究区去白云石化的作用模式。结合样品的碳氧同位素和微量元素特征显示:M51+2含石膏结核的白云岩层段普遍受淡水淋滤作用影响,但只有部分层段发生淡水淋滤成因的去白云石化作用,Th/U、Th/Cr、Cr/Zr与Y/Ho特征表明由于淡水淋滤作用,大气淡水溶解陆源花岗岩类物质并携带陆源泥质灌入岩层。淡水淋滤去白云石化作用流体Ca2+源来自溶解蒸发岩(膏盐层)和石膏结核, 源来自表生期白云石化作用方解石分解,流体主要运移通道为溶蚀缝和缝合线;作用过程分为表生—浅埋藏期的交代过程和浅埋藏期的胶结过程,富Ca2+和 大气淡水流至运移通道末端,沿晶间缝下渗,造成白云石的选择性溶蚀和方解石对其的等体积交代,方解石胶结物填充晶间孔、缝和裂隙,使白云岩物性变差。 相似文献
2.
高Ca/Mg值流体与白云石反应的去白云石化作用在较多地层中可见，但对其形成过程的探讨甚少。本文运用碳、氧、锶同位素及锶元素的示踪原理，对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部奥陶系马五段去白云石化作用的两类不同颜色的次生方解石形成过程进行示踪，结果显示:红色次生方解石具低Sr元素含量、高87Sr/86Sr值及负偏的δ13C特征；白色次生方解石呈现出高Sr元素含量、低87Sr/86Sr值及明显负偏的δ18O特征。结合去白云石化次生方解石岩石学特征，推测去白云石化作用可能有两个阶段:近地表时期，受大气淡水淋滤发生去白云石化作用，形成不彻底灰化的棕红色、红色次生方解石；中-深埋藏期，受温度、压力及海源性流体影响与叠加进一步发生去白云石化作用，形成白色次生方解石。 相似文献
3.
川东三叠系飞仙关组白云岩锶含量、锶同位素组成与白云石化流体 总被引：32，自引：10，他引：32
川东飞仙关组白云岩包括微晶白云岩、具原始结构的粒屑白云岩和结晶白云岩等3种主要的结构类型,其中结晶白云岩是重要的天然气储集岩。根据白云岩的锶舍量和锶同位素组成,结合相关岩石学和地球化学资料,本文研究了白云石化过程中锶的迁移和相应的同位素变化。三种类型白云岩具有类似的锶含量,但其(87)~Sr/(86)~Sr 比值均不同程度地高于同期海水值,锶在白云石和方解石(或文石)中分配系数的差别是影响白云石化过程中白云石锶含量最为重要的因素。不同流体中锶的混合方程计算表明:如果白云石化流体是大气淡水和海水的混合流体,则结晶白云岩的白云石化流体相当于94%的大气淡水和6%的海水混合,具原始结构的粒屑白云岩的白云石化流体相当于81%的大气淡水和19%的海水混合,微晶白云岩的白云石化流体相当于92%的大气淡水和8%的海水混合。但极低的锰含量、相对较高的锶含量和包裹体均一化温度等资料均不支持有94%的大气淡水参与了结晶白云岩的白云石化作用,其白云石化流体应是埋藏成岩过程中囚禁的近同期、但是非同期的海源流体,其来源可能与埋藏成岩过程中该时间段蒸发盐的溶解有关。锰含量、锶含量、(87)~Sr/(86)~Sr 比值都表明具原始结构的粒屑白云岩和微晶白云岩的白云石化过程都存在大气淡水的介入,微晶白云岩的白云石化可能与潮坪环境的蒸发泵机理有关;具原始结构的粒屑白云岩的白云石化可能与混合水白云石化作用有关,这类白云岩分布于向上浅滩化旋回滩体的顶部,这是埋藏前或浅埋藏阶段大气淡水与海水混合白云石化作用最容易发生地带。 相似文献
4.
关于川东北深层海相碳酸盐岩溶蚀型孔隙的成因,主要有两种观点:早期的大气淡水溶蚀和浅埋藏白云石化以及晚期的深埋藏流体溶蚀。以二叠系石灰岩和白云岩为例,通过原位模拟实验分析得知:随着埋深、温度的增加,方解石和白云石均趋向于胶结而不是溶蚀,其中方解石胶结程度更高。因此判定深部碳酸盐岩储层总体上发生溶蚀作用而形成孔隙的可能性较小,早期的成岩作用才是形成次生溶蚀的关键。 相似文献
5.
库车坳陷白垩系深层致密砂岩储层溶蚀作用实验模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
库车坳陷前陆区白垩系发育特低物性、强非均质性和高稳产砂岩储层,溶蚀作用显著,但成因机制尚不是很明确。利用高温高压热模拟实验还原了目的层在成岩演化过程中1种表生流体和2种埋藏流体环境下溶蚀作用差异,揭示了成岩矿物演化过程及储集空间结构变化特征。结果表明,表生成岩期大气淡水淋滤弱酸性流体环境（CO2饱和溶液,pCO2=1 MPa）溶蚀作用最为显著,长石类矿物发生明显溶蚀,石英和黏土矿物相对难溶,Na+、Ca2+和K+等离子析出明显,Si4+和Al3+析出较少,样品表面沉淀出较多的疑似多边形石英和铝硅酸类矿物;成岩晚期油气充注酸性流体环境（乙酸溶液,2 mL/L）溶蚀作用其次,易于溶解白云石、石膏和长石类矿物,Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+和Si4+等离子析出明显,样品表面无沉淀;成岩早-中期碱性流体环境（NaHCO3溶液,pH=7.46、HCO3-=0.6 mol/L）溶蚀作用相对较弱,石英、长石和部分黏土矿物均发生了不同程度的溶蚀,且随着温度、压力的增加,溶蚀作用程度增加。综合分析表明:表生流体是研究区砂岩储层溶蚀孔隙发育的关键因素,其次为有机酸和碱性埋藏流体。这一认识能够丰富致密砂岩储层孔隙成岩演化理论,为下一步寻找规模储层发育区和气田有效开发提供理论支撑。 相似文献
6.
微孔泥晶灰岩储层是一种重要的油气储层类型,尤其是对于中东地区白垩系碳酸盐岩储层,这明显不同于典型碳酸盐岩储层—古风化壳型岩溶储层、礁滩相储层及层状白云岩储层等三大类型。泥晶基质具有致密镶嵌结构和白垩质结构两种结构类型。泥晶晶体具有微菱形、圆形和它形三种晶体形态,以圆形泥晶储层物性最好,微菱形泥晶储层其次,它形泥晶为致密储层。微孔（直径小于10 μm）是泥晶基质中孔隙的主体,除此还发育铸模孔、海绵状基质溶孔和溶蚀沟道等。微孔的形成主要受原始矿物组分和成岩条件的共同制约:低镁方解石灰泥是微孔泥晶灰岩形成的先决原始矿物条件,相对矿物学稳定性可促进原始组构包括原生晶间微孔的保存。特殊的成岩环境是微孔泥晶灰岩发育的必要改造条件,泥晶灰岩中孔隙的形成是早期浅层埋藏下大气淡水淋滤及埋藏成岩期间有机酸溶蚀作用等两期溶蚀叠加的结果。在浅埋藏淡水透镜体内,方解石次生加大（奥斯特瓦尔德成熟过程）形成了沉积物早期胶结,防止压实的同时部分保留了原始结构和晶间微孔网络,还通过消除小晶体提高了渗透性;淡水选择性淋滤也形成了较广泛发育的铸模孔。在埋藏成岩过程中,有机酸性流体溶蚀作用形成海绵状基质溶孔及溶蚀沟道,也导致了圆形泥晶晶体的形成。 相似文献
7.
湖相白云岩具有重要的油气地质意义,广泛发育于我国东部新生代地层中。本文通过大量资料统计和分析前人对国内湖相白云岩的研究成果,系统阐述了国内主要湖盆的湖相白云岩的成因、形成流体来源及相关物质的响应。根据白云石化流体的碳氧同位素、锶钡比、有序度、pH值、Eu异常、Ce异常等各类指标,将白云石化流体分为原始湖泊、外来淡水、热水热液和海源流体等类型。不同类型流体来源改造下生成白云岩所伴生的矿物组合不同;不同白云石化流体通过微生物作用、准同生作用、热液作用和埋藏作用等方式对原始碳酸盐岩进行白云石化作用,不同白云石化作用机制直接制约了其物质响应过程。提出了未来利用定量分析技术深入开展白云石化流体来源分析、准确判断成岩流体类型或成岩作用机制是进一步研究的方向。 相似文献
8.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2020,(4)
在碳酸盐岩储集层中,由大气淡水淋滤作用形成的岩溶孔洞是重要的油气储集空间,但大气淡水淋滤对碳酸盐岩储集层的改造机制尚不明确,因而制约了对碳酸盐岩储集层的评价和勘探。本文以塔里木盆地顺南地区4种典型的碳酸盐岩储集层为研究对象,以理论分析和数值模拟为手段,对不同条件下大气淡水淋滤作用造成的储集层的矿物溶蚀、沉淀、转化以及孔隙度变化进行了定量研究。结果表明,在近地表低温低压条件下,大气淡水对碳酸盐岩的淋滤作用主要表现为方解石的溶蚀,随流体向深部运移,以及方解石的沉淀或白云石化。大气淡水淋滤对储集层的影响深度和程度与淋滤速度、时间等因素均有关,另外,在矿物种类不同的碳酸盐岩储集层中,矿物的溶解、沉淀和转化关系差异较大。 相似文献
9.
碳酸盐岩成岩作用与孔隙演化 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
在总结我国碳酸盐岩沉积和成岩基本特征的基础上,阐明有利于孔隙形成的白云石化、去膏、去云化、淡水和埋藏溶解等作用,以及破坏性成岩作用的特征和识别标志。成岩地质体是成岩环境的产物,可根据成岩组构、地球化学和发光特征等加以鉴别。成岩模式是成岩组合、成岩特征和孔隙演化的总概括,以滩相成岩模式展示了成岩相与孔隙的关系。 相似文献
10.
四川盆地东部长兴组礁灰岩缺乏大规模白云石化作用的原因分析及启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《海相油气地质》2015,(3)
位于四川盆地东部开江—梁平海槽西南侧台地边缘的长兴组礁灰岩,沉积时具有很高的原生孔隙度,但由于缺乏大规模白云石化作用,现今多数礁灰岩致密无孔。研究表明礁灰岩缺乏白云石化作用可能与早期白云石化流体供应不足有关,而并非如前人推测的是由于早期海水胶结作用将孔隙完全充填堵塞造成白云石化流体无法进入所致。早期海水胶结作用结束后,长兴组礁灰岩中仍存在大量孔隙及流体活动空间,但由于礁灰岩(礁核相)位于台地边缘靠近海槽的高能区,受早期沉积环境的控制,成岩流体为活跃循环的正常海水,不具备发生白云石化作用所需的轻度咸化海水渗透回流的条件。埋藏成岩环境下块状亮晶方解石的胶结作用是造成礁灰岩中孔隙完全丧失的原因。 相似文献
11.
Dedolomitization of a dolocrete profile hosted in Mio-Pleistocene siliciclastic deposits in the area of Kuwait City, Arabian Gulf was investigated. Dolocrete dolomite crystals vary considerably in size, shape and internal structure; however, they are mostly zoned. Zonation is usually due to the alteration of cloudy and clear zones. The cloudy zones, which are mostly formed of disordered metastable dolomite, are more susceptible to dedolomitization than the stable, well ordered clear zones. Two modes of dedolomitization were recognized; the first involves complete dissolution of the metastable dolomite followed by precipitation of intracrystalline cavity-filling calcite. The second is a pseudomorphic replacement of dolomite by calcite. This replacement takes place by the simultaneous dissolution of dolomite and precipitation of calcite in such a manner that the original dolomite fabrics are inherited in the dedolomite. Exposed and near-surface dolocrete profile (less than 5 m deep) are almost completely dedolomitized and altered to secondary calcrete whereas subsurface profiles are slightly dedolomitized. Dedolomitization of the sub surface dolocrete profiles may indicate the effect of flushing by fresh groundwater; which flows from west to east, whereas the alteration of the exposed dolocrete profile could be attributed to be an effect of meteoric water. A new mode of calcrete genesis by dedolomitization and/or complete calcitization of precursor dolocrete is suggested. 相似文献
12.
James P. Hendry Mark Wilkinson Anthony E. Fallick & Nigel H. Trewin 《Sedimentology》2000,47(3):631-644
Unusual textural and chemical characteristics of disseminated dolomite in Upper Jurassic shelf sediments of the North Sea have provided the basis for a proposed new interpretation of early diagenetic dolomite authigenesis in highly bioturbated marine sandstones. The dolomite is present throughout the Franklin Sandstone Formation of the Franklin and Elgin Fields as discrete, non‐ferroan, generally unzoned, subhedral to highly anhedral ‘jigsaw piece’ crystals. These are of a similar size to the detrital silicate grains and typically account for ≈5% of the rock volume. The dolomite crystals are never seen to form polycrystalline aggregates or concretions, or ever to envelop the adjacent silicate grains. They are uniformly dispersed throughout the sandstones, irrespective of detrital grain size or clay content. Dolomite authigenesis predated all the other significant diagenetic events visible in thin section. The dolomite is overgrown by late diagenetic ankerite, and bulk samples display stable isotope compositions that lie on a mixing trend between these components. Extrapolation of this trend suggests that the dolomite has near‐marine δ18O values and low, positive δ13C values. The unusual textural and chemical characteristics of this dolomite can all be reconciled if it formed in the near‐surface zone of active bioturbation. Sea water provided a plentiful reservoir of Mg and a pore fluid of regionally consistent δ18O. Labile bioclastic debris (e.g. aragonite, Mg‐calcite) supplied isotopically positive carbon to the pore fluids during shallow‐burial dissolution. Such dissolution took place in response to the ambient ‘calcite sea’ conditions, but may have been catalysed by organic matter oxidation reactions. Bioturbation not only ensured that the dissolving carbonate was dispersed throughout the sandstones, but also prohibited coalescence of the dolomite crystals and consequent cementation of the grain framework. Continued exchange of Mg2+ and Ca2+ with the sea‐water reservoir maintained a sufficient Mg/Ca ratio for dolomite (rather than calcite) to form. Irregular crystal shapes resulted from dissolution, of both the dolomite and the enclosed fine calcitic shell debris, before ankerite precipitation during deep‐burial diagenesis. 相似文献
13.
《Applied Geochemistry》2006,21(4):614-631
In the Szigetvár area, SW Hungary, shallow groundwaters draining upper Pleistocene loess and Holocene sediments are considerably contaminated by domestic effluents and leachates of farmland fertilizers. The loess contains calcite and dolomite, but gypsum was not recognized in these sediments. The anthropogenic inputs contain significant amounts of Ca and SO4. The Ca from these anthropogenic inputs is promoting calcite growth, with concomitant consumption of carbonate alkalinity, undersaturation of the system with respect to dolomite, and dolomite dissolution; in brief, is driving “dedolomitization reactions”. Geochemical arguments supporting the occurrence of “dedolomitization reactions” in the area are provided by the results of mass balance and thermodynamic analyses. The mass balances predicted the weather sequence dolomite > calcite > plagioclase > K-feldspar, at odds with widely accepted sequences of weatherability where calcite is the first mineral in the weathering sequence. The exchange between calcite and dolomite can be a side effect of “dedolomitization reactions” because they cause precipitation of calcite. The thermodynamic prerequisites for “dedolomitization reactions” are satisfied by most local groundwaters (70%) since they are supersaturated (or in equilibrium) with respect to calcite, undersaturated (or in equilibrium) with respect to dolomite, and undersaturated with respect to gypsum. The Ca vs. SO4 and Mg vs. SO4 trends are also compatible with homologous trends resulting from “dedolomitization reactions”. 相似文献
14.
塔里木盆地柯坪地区中寒武统藻白云岩去白云岩化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对塔里木盆地柯坪地区中寒武统去白云岩化现象进行了研究。去白云岩化限于渗透性较好的藻白云岩,并且只有靠近含膏层段的藻白云岩才发生去白云岩化。从微观上看,发生去白云岩化的藻灰岩与藻灰云岩含有明显的去白云岩化交代残余,白云石残余呈碎斑状或树枝状。树枝状白云石残余含有大量的方解石包裹体,同时具有较高的Ca/Mg比,为高钙白云石,去白云岩化较彻底,形成藻灰岩;碎斑状白云石残余成分较均一,接近化学计量白云石(Ca/Mg比接近1),去白云岩化程度较弱,形成藻灰云岩。藻灰云岩的δ18O值(平均值为-6.7‰)明显低于邻近的白云岩(平均值为-5.3‰),同时高于藻灰岩(平均值为-9.5‰)。与未发生去白云岩化的藻白云岩相比,藻灰岩与藻灰云岩的孔隙度要明显降低。 相似文献
15.
Carbonate concretions, lenses and bands in the Pleistocene, Palaeogene and Upper Triassic coalfields of Japan consist of various carbonate minerals with varied chemical compositions. Authigenic carbonates in freshwater sediments are siderite > calcite > ankerite > dolomite >> ferroan magnesite; in brackish water to marine sediments in the coal measures, calcite > dolomite > ankerite > siderite >> ferroan magnesite; and in the overlying marine deposits, calcite > dolomite >> siderite. Most carbonates were formed progressively during burial within a range of depths between the sediment-water interface and approximately 3 km. The mineral species and the chemical composition of the carbonates are controlled primarily by the initial sedimentary facies of the host sediments and secondarily by the diagenetic evolution of pore water during burial. Based on the regular sequence and burial depth of precipitation of authigenic carbonates in a specific sedimentary facies, three diagenetic stages of carbonates are proposed. Carbonates formed during Stage I (< 500 m) strongly reflect the initial sedimentary facies, e.g. low Ca-Mg siderite in freshwater sediments which are initially rich in iron derived from lateritic soil on the nearby landmass, and Mg calcite and dolomite in brackish-marine sediments whose pore waters abound in Ca2+ and Mg2+ originating in seawater and calcareous shells. Carbonates formed during Stage II (500–2000 m) include high Ca-Mg siderite, ankerite, Fe dolomite and Fe–Mg calcite in freshwater sediments. The assemblage of Stage II carbonates in brackish-marine sediments in the coal measures is similar to that in freshwater sediments. This suggests similar diagenetic environments owing to an effective migration and mixing of pore water due to the compaction of host sediments. Carbonates formed during Stage III (> 2000 m) are Fe calcite and extremely high Ca-Mg siderite; the latter is exclusively in marine mudstones. The supply of Ca is partly from the alteration of silicates in the sediments at elevated burial temperatures. After uplift, calcite with low Mg content precipitates from percolating groundwater and fills extensional cracks. 相似文献
16.
《Sedimentology》2018,65(6):1827-1858
Dedolomitization is a common diagenetic process in shallow burial environments and is often associated with sulphates in mixed carbonate‐evaporite successions. In these settings, elevated Ca2+/Mg2+ ratios necessary for dedolomitization result from the dissolution of sulphate phases by the incursion of undersaturated groundwater. Reported dedolomite textures from other studies are varied, but the most prevalent is a rhombic texture interpreted to result from the partial to complete pseudomorphic replacement of secondary dolomite rhombs formed in the burial diagenetic realm. In this study of primary cryptocrystalline to finely crystalline dolomicrites in the Prairie Evaporite Formation of north‐eastern Alberta, dedolomitization has resulted in sutured to loosely packed mosaics of dedolomite that range from subhedral to distinctly euhedral (rhombic) crystal fabrics; however, no prior aggrading neomorphism producing dolomite rhombs is evident in the precursor dolomicrites. Non‐pseudomorphic dedolomitization of the dolomicrites results in textures that include rhombic dedolomite crystals with cloudy cores comprising remnant dolomicrite and clear rims. These textures are similar to those observed in the pseudomorphic dedolomitization of secondary dolomite rhombs. The Prairie Evaporite Formation of north‐eastern Alberta has experienced extensive karstification near the erosional margin of the sedimentary succession. Dedolomitization of dolomicrites occurs in marker beds within the Prairie Evaporite succession associated with evaporite karstification. Along with stratigraphic and petrographic considerations, stable isotope results support the interpretation of a shallow dedolomitization event influenced by meteoric waters derived from the basin margin. Negative δ 18O and low δ 13C values (averages of −13·6‰VPDB and 0·5‰VPDB, respectively) of the dedolomite, compared with those of the primary dolomicrite (averages of −6·0‰VPDB and 1·2‰VPDB, respectively), point to isotopically light diagenetic fluids. These results show that rhombic dedolomite textures can form through shallow, non‐pseudomorphic dedolomitization of dolomicrites by meteoric fluids in the presence of sulphates, with resulting textures that are similar to the pseudomorphic dedolomitization of secondary dolomite rhombs. 相似文献
17.
表生和埋藏成岩作用的温压条件下不同组成碳酸盐岩溶蚀成岩过程的实验模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
表生到埋藏成岩作用的温度与压力（４０～１００℃，常压～２５ＭＰａ），方解石、白云石相对含量不同的碳酸盐岩的溶蚀证明，在表生与相对浅埋藏的温压条件（低于７５℃、２０ＭＰａ）下，方解石的溶解速率大大超过白云石，随着温度和压力的升高，两者溶解速率的差值变小。在相对深埋藏的温压条件（高于７５℃、２０ＭＰａ）下，白云石的溶解速率已超过方解石，在１００、２５ＭＰａ的温压条件下，微晶白云石（白云石/方解石＝９８/２）的溶解速率已是含云灰岩（白云石/方解石＝１６/８４）的２倍，造成这种现象的原因是白云石的温度、压力效应大大超过方解石之故。根据实验的结果可以预测:表生与相对浅埋藏的温压条件下，石灰岩的岩溶作用较白云岩发育；但在深埋藏阶段，由溶解作用造成的白云岩次生孔隙应比方解石更为发育，这是埋藏深度大于２０００ｍ的地层中，白云岩储层多于石灰岩的重要原因。 相似文献
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埋藏成岩作用的温压条件下，白云岩溶解过程的实验模拟研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
埋藏成岩作用的温度与压力条件（７５℃～１３０℃，２０ＭＰａ～３０ＭＰａ）下，乙酸对白云岩的溶蚀实验证明，随着温度与压力的升高，白云岩的溶解速率迅速增大。Ｃａ、Ｍｇ释放合量由７５℃、２０ＭＰａ条件下的３２.９８ｍｇ/Ｌ增至１３０℃、３０ＭＰａ条件下的３３７.９ｍｇ/Ｌ，增加了一个数量级。在各种温压条件中，１００℃、２５ＭＰａ溶蚀效果最好。实验结果说明，深埋藏条件下，白云岩溶解形成的次生孔隙将比其在浅部的表生环境中更为发育，因而２０００ｍ以下的深埋藏成岩环境中，白云岩储层比浅部地层更为发育。 相似文献