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1.
小西南岔富金铜矿床是中国东部陆缘重要的热液矿床,由不同矿石品位和矿体特征的南山、北山两个矿段组成,矿化形式分别为脉状、细脉浸染状。流体包裹体研究表明:北山矿段均一温度为120~470℃,Ⅰ矿化阶段流体盐度为10.1%~20.0%NaCl eqv,Ⅱ、Ⅲ矿化阶段盐度变化大,为0.4%~45.5%NaCl eqv,流体气相成分为H_2O、CO_2、CH_4,少量N_2。南山矿段均一温度为150~450℃,Ⅰ成矿阶段盐度为4.0%~11.1%NaCl eqv,Ⅱ、Ⅲ矿化阶段盐度随着温度降低盐度逐渐减小,气相成分主要是H_2O、CO_2、CH_4;似斑状角闪花岗闪长岩石英内流体包裹体与南、北山矿段流体显示相近的均一温度范围(150~510℃)和气体成分,盐度4.9%~11.5%NaCl eqv与南山矿段Ⅰ成矿阶段流体相似。流体包裹体的显微测温、氢氧同位素,稀有气体同位素和Pb同位素结果表明南山矿段的成矿过程为幔源中低盐度流体在围岩裂隙中随着温度、压力降低以充填结晶作用为主而成矿;北山矿段成矿过程为幔源中低盐度流体发生沸腾作用后,与地壳流体混合,随后成矿流体以交代方式成矿,晚阶段两个矿区在大气水的混入作用下,北山矿段形成胶黄铁矿石英脉,南山矿段形成纯硫化物脉;似斑状角闪花岗闪长岩内流体包裹体特征反映了初始含矿流体属性,为中低盐度幔源岩浆热流体。 相似文献
2.
箭猪坡矿床是广西丹池成矿带南段五圩矿田中最大的Pb-Zn-Sb多金属矿床。矿床主要由早阶段特富大脉状闪锌矿-脆硫锑铅矿矿化和晚阶段脆硫锑铅矿-闪锌矿-碳酸盐-石英脉状矿化组成。本文分析了箭猪坡矿床两种不同矿化类型石英、闪锌矿中的流体包裹体特征、均一温度及盐度,探讨特富矿体形成的控制因素。两种矿化类型包裹体主要由含CO_2包裹体和水溶液包裹体组成。早阶段特富大脉状矿化流体包裹体均一温度为120~290℃,集中在220~290℃之间,盐度为3.6%~13.6%。晚阶段脉状矿化流体包裹体均一温度为150~350℃,集中在240~310℃之间,盐度为1.4%~12.0%。富CO_2成矿流体主要来自变质、有机质中低温热降解、有机质还原、岩浆出溶及夕卡岩化。箭猪坡矿化产于泥盆系破碎带中,晚于华南地区变质作用;矿床成矿温度(220~310℃)远大于有机物热降解释放大量CO_2的温度(约150℃);矿床深部发育Sn矿化,表明成矿流体具还原性,不太可能含有大量而区内非夕卡岩化岩浆热液矿床成矿热液只含有少量CO_2。因此,初步认为箭猪坡矿床富CO_2流体主要与深部夕卡岩化作用有关,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液。成矿流体含少量甲烷、沥青质等有机质,表明成矿过程有盆地卤水混入。早阶段特富矿体成矿流体在温度–盐度图上显示中高温中高盐度和低温低盐度流体混合特征,而晚阶段脉状矿化成矿流体温度–盐度分布较为分散,暗示晚阶段脉状矿化成矿过程主要经历了冷却降温,流体混合较弱。这表明成矿流体大规模混合是形成特富矿体的关键控制因素。依据富CO_2流体可能主要来源于深部夕卡岩化作用,初步推测五圩矿田深部有寻找夕卡岩型矿床良好前景。 相似文献
3.
甘肃阳山金矿流体包裹体地球化学和矿床成因类型 总被引：16，自引：19，他引：16
西秦岭造山带内的甘肃阳山金矿是我国最新发现的规模最大的金矿床。矿床受 EW 韧脆性剪切带控制,赋矿围岩为泥盆系碳质碳酸盐-千枚岩-板岩和侵入其中的花岗斑岩脉。流体成矿过程包括:形成石英-绢云母-黄铁矿组合的早阶段,形成石英-黄铁矿-毒砂和石英-毒砂-黄铁矿以及石英-碳酸盐-辉锑矿-自然金组合的主成矿阶段,形成碳酸盐-石英网脉的晚阶段。早阶段流体包裹体以含 CO_2包裹体为主,CO_2含量为7.3%～21.5mol%,均一温度集中于270℃～300℃,盐度<3wt.%NaCl eqv;主阶段发育纯 CO_2包襄体、水溶液包裹体和少量含 CO_2包裹体,均一温度集中于210℃～270℃,盐度集中在<2 wt.%NaCl eqv 和3～5 wt.%NaCl eqv 两个范围;晚阶段只发育水溶液包裹体,均一温度集中在160℃～210℃,盐度<3 wt.%NaCl eqv。主阶段流体包裹体类型的多样性、相似的均一温度和流体盐度的双峰特征均指示流体沸腾现象的存在,其流体包裹体捕获温度为210℃～375℃,压力为85～222MPa;赋矿断层的阀门式活动导致主阶段流体系统交替于静岩和静水压力之间,成矿深度为8.5km 左右,成矿流体系统发育在早侏罗世大陆碰撞造山过程。矿床地质特征类似于卡林型金矿。但赋存于蚀变花岗斑岩中矿体既非造山型,也不同于卡林型,成矿流体具造山型矿床特征。因此,阳山金矿可能代表一种新的金矿类型,建议称为"阳山型金矿"。 相似文献
4.
内蒙古白乃庙铜金矿床流体包裹体研究 总被引：7，自引：20，他引：7
内蒙古白乃庙铜金矿床位于华北板块北缘增生型造山带,石英脉型和蚀变岩型矿体受 EW 向韧-脆性剪切带控制。成矿过程分为三个阶段:早阶段石英-黄铁矿,乳白色石英和粗粒黄铁矿变形、破碎;中阶段多金属硫化物充填胶结早阶段变形、破碎的石英角砾和黄铁矿裂隙;晚阶段为石英-碳酸盐细脉,穿切早中阶段脉体和矿物组合。冷热台显微测温结果显示,早阶段石英中原生流体包裹体的均一温度为248℃～380℃,盐度为4.34%～6.59%,次生包裹体均一温度为180℃～260℃,盐度为3.23%～4.18%NaCl eqv;中阶段石英中原生包裹体的均一温度变化范围为215℃～241℃,盐度为2.90%～4.18%NaCl eqv,与早阶段次生流体包裹体一致;晚阶段石英细脉和方解石中的流体包裹体均一温度为137℃～181℃,盐度为0.50% ～2.00%NaCl eqv。激光拉曼测试结果表明,流体包裹体气相成分为 CO_2、CH_4和 N_2。成矿流体为低盐度、低密度、富 CO_2的流体,当这种流体到达剪切带时,由于压力骤然降低发生以 CO_2逸失为特征的沸腾作用,导致成矿流体过饱和,成矿物质快速沉淀下来形成矿床。白乃庙铜金矿床成矿流体及矿床地质特征与造山型矿床一致,确证了造山型铜矿的存在并提供了实例。 相似文献
5.
河南洛宁段河金矿流体包裹体研究和矿床成因 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
河南省洛宁县段河石英脉型金矿主要包括石寨沟和岭东两个矿区,分别由3～4条含金石英脉构成。矿化过程从早到晚包括石英-黄铁矿、石英-多金属硫化物和石英-碳酸盐等3个阶段．其中中阶段金矿化最强,次为早阶段。各阶段石英中流体包裹体以气液两相包裹体为主．次为纯液体包裹体。激光拉曼测试表明,气液两相包裹体的液相为H2O,气相主要为Ho和CO2混合、纯H2O,次为纯CO2;纯液体包裹体为纯H2O。石寨沟矿区包裹体均一温度从早到晚依次为240．9～315．9℃．188．7～304．5℃,137．3～259．3℃：流体盐度变化依次为（6．74～12．85）wt%NaCl．eq,（2．41～8．68）wt％NaCl．eq,（2．24-7．86）wt%NaCl．eq。岭东矿区均一温度从早到晚依次为303．7-343．1℃,251．8-325．4℃,305．7～355．0℃：流体盐度变化依次为（5．11～11．70）wt％NaCl．eq,（2．74-10．11）wt％NaCl．eq,（0．53-6．74）wt％NaCl．eq。两矿区主成矿期流体均为中温、低盐度,早阶段流体为改造热液和变质热液的混合体,含一定量CO2,且流体CO2含量和盐度从早到晚逐渐降低。石寨沟矿区包裹体均一温度逐渐降低,而岭东矿区包裹体均一温度先降后升,加之岭东矿区各阶段成矿温度均高于石寨沟矿区．表明成矿流体系统主要受岩浆热驱动,岭东矿区更靠近岩体,且在晚阶段又有脉动性的岩浆加热．段河金矿区南部存在隐伏岩体。 相似文献
6.
黑龙江省三矿沟矽卡岩型铁铜矿床流体包裹体研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
对黑龙江省三矿沟矽卡岩型铁铜矿床内花岗闪长岩中石英斑晶、硫化物阶段及石英-碳酸盐阶段的石英、方解石中流体包裹体的岩相学、显微测温学和显微激光拉曼光谱分析等的研究结果表明,流体包裹体有富液相、富气相和含子矿物多相包裹体3种类型;花岗闪长岩石英斑晶中的含子矿物多相包裹体均一温度均值为4320C,盐度在30.92 wt%～63.91 wt%NaCl eqv.之间,平均为52.96 wt%NaCl eqv.,代表了高温、高盐度岩浆流体;硫化物阶段形成的黄铜矿磁铁矿矿石中流体温度主要介于323～424℃之间,盐度介于8.95 wt%～62.51 wt%NaCl eqv.之间;硫化物阶段形成的黄铜矿矿石中流体温度主要介于333～441℃之间,盐度介于8.28 wt%～65.32 wt%NaCl eqv.之间;石英-碳酸盐阶段流体温度主要介于124～140℃之间,盐度介于1.65 wt%～4.34 wt%NaCl eqv.之间.铁铜矿石均形成于高温、高盐度阶段,以岩浆热液为主,在成矿晚期,由于大气降水的混合,形成了少量低温、低盐度流体,成矿流体以富Na、K、Ca、Cl-和CO~2_3-的高盐度流体为特征,主体属于NaCl-H_2O-CO_2-H_2S-CH_4体系.成矿流体在300～400℃区间内发生了强烈的沸腾作用,导致大量金属硫化物和少量金属氧化物沉淀,沸腾作用对三矿沟铁铜矿床的形成起到至关重要的作用. 相似文献
7.
内蒙古白乃庙矿田十四万金矿床流体包裹体研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
十四万金矿床是白乃庙矿田徐尼乌苏金矿化带内重要的石英脉型金矿,矿体产于EW向韧性剪切带的次级NE向断裂.成矿过程划分为3个阶段:早阶段形成无矿石英脉,石英遭受明显压应力作用,包裹体类型包括富水溶液型、富碳质型、纯碳质型,包裹体均一温度为260～420℃,平均盐度6.78%NaCl eqv;中阶段为硫化物-方解石-绿泥石-绢云母-细粒石英组合,充填早阶段石英的裂隙,未遭受明显应力作用,包裹体类型为富水溶液型和纯碳质型,包裹体均一温度为140～260℃,平均盐度7.22%NaCl eqv;晚阶段形成方解石脉,仅有富水溶液型包裹体,包裹体均一温度为140～180℃,平均盐度2.15%NaCl eqv.激光拉曼测试结果表明包裹体气相成份主要为CO_2、CH_4和少量N2.早阶段成矿流体为富碳质流体,成分为CH_4+CO_2+H_2O,中阶段流体为富水流体,成分为H_2O+CH_4,早、中阶段均发生了流体沸腾作用,早阶段强烈的沸腾作用使流体CO_2和CH_4含量降低,中阶段方解石沉淀使CO_2含量进一步降低,并导致了硫化物沉淀和金矿化.十四万金矿床流体包裹体特征、矿床地质特征均与造山型矿床一致,为造山型金矿,成矿流体可能源于徐尼乌苏组浅变质作用产生的变质流体,成矿构造背景可能为二叠纪末-三叠纪初华北板块与西伯利亚板块间的陆陆碰撞造山体制. 相似文献
8.
安庆夕卡岩型铁铜矿床流体包裹体研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对安庆夕卡岩型铁铜矿床中各成矿阶段的夕卡岩矿物、石英和方解石中流体包裹体的岩相学、显微测温及显微激光拉曼光谱分析等的研究结果表明,成矿流体可能为源自深部的岩浆热液,具高温、高盐度和富CF4等还原性挥发分的特征.流体包裹体的均一温度和盐度在夕卡岩期表现为高温(400～570℃)和高盐度(40%～46%NaCl)特征,代表了夕卡岩形成及铁矿化时的流体活动情况;在石英硫化物期表现出中低温(124～396℃),盐度变化较大(6%～38%NaCl)的特征,代表了铜矿化时的流体活动情况.从成矿早期到晚期,流体包裹体的均一温度和盐度都不断降低,且在铜的主成矿阶段曾发生过流体沸腾作用和混合作用.岩浆水在流体成矿过程中占主导地位. 相似文献
9.
永平铜多金属矿床位于华南地区十杭裂谷带南侧,是一个与晚侏罗世二长花岗斑岩侵入体有关的斑岩-矽卡岩矿床。矿区存在斑岩型钼矿和矽卡岩型铜矿两种矿化类型。其中,斑岩型钼矿含矿石英脉中主要发育I型气液两相包裹体、II型CO_2三相包裹体和III型含子矿物多相包裹体,早期石英-硫化物阶段流体包裹体的形成温度介于202~359℃之间,盐度介于4.62~36.68 wt%NaCl之间;晚期石英-碳酸盐-硫化物阶段均一温度介于211~318℃之间,盐度范围为2.07~11.47 wt%NaCl。矽卡岩铜矿主要发育I型气液两相包裹体,早期矽卡岩阶段均一温度达到406~486℃,盐度为9.21~9.89 wt%NaCl;石英-硫化物阶段均一温度介于137~335℃之间,盐度值范围为4.98~13.20 wt%NaCl;晚期碳酸盐阶段包裹体均一温度只有89~151℃,盐度范围介于2.07~19.13 wt%NaCl之间。激光拉曼结果显示两者流体包裹体中具有相似的气相成分,都以CO_2和H_2O为主,成矿流体总体上属于H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系。含Mo成矿流体中存在CH_4,具有低氧逸度特征,在流体演化早期形成Mo矿化中心,石英-硫化物阶段含Mo流体相对于含Cu流体具有更高的温度和压力。矿石中金属硫化物的δ~(34)S值变化于–0.2‰~+1.9‰之间,这表明成矿物质硫源主要来自深源岩浆。结合地质特征,认为该矿床是与晚侏罗世花岗质岩浆密切相关的斑岩钼-矽卡岩铜矿床,铜和钼矿化存在分带现象,岩浆系统的中心部位具有斑岩型钼矿化,外围及和碳酸盐岩的接触带形成斑岩-矽卡岩型铜钨铅锌矿化。 相似文献
10.
青海赛什塘铜矿床流体包裹体研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对青海赛什塘铜矿床内与成矿有关的矽卡岩中石榴子石、透辉石及硫化物石英脉中流体包裹体的岩相学、显微测温学和显微激光拉曼光谱分析等的研究结果表明,流体包裹体有富液相、富气相和含子矿物多相包裹体3种类型;早期矽卡岩阶段均一温度436～562℃,盐度为34 wt ％～45wt％NaCl eqv.,代表了高温、高盐度岩浆流体;退变质阶段均一温度322～419℃,盐度为15wt ％～39 wt％NaCl eqv.;硫化物阶段均一温度235～366℃,盐度5wt％～36wt％NaCl eqv..激光拉曼光谱分析结果表明,包裹体中气相成分以CH4、H2S、CO2和H2O为主.成矿流体属于中高温、高盐度的NaCl-H2O-CO2-CH4体系,在290～360℃之间发生了强烈的流体沸腾作用,导致大量的金属硫化物沉淀,成矿流体的沸腾作用是导致铜矿床形成的重要因素. 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
14.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
15.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
18.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
19.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献