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1.
颗石藻与海洋、环境关系之探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
笔者在20年的研究中相继发现,自中元古代和古生代以来海相钙质超微浮游生物－颗石藻的新属种达180余种,通过对颗石藻在海洋中分布状态与固碳特征的研究,证明颗石藻乃是海洋中重要的基础生产者,它和海洋碳酸盐及相关生物存在着密切的关系,其能借助光合作用,吸收海水中的CO2,而释放出氧气．对减少全球温室效应与保护地球生态环境平衡,有相当重要的贡献。 相似文献
2.
今生颗石藻的有机碳泵和碳酸盐反向泵 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
海洋今生颗石藻同时具有有机碳生产和钙化作用两个过程，对海洋碳的生物地球化学循环具有重要作用。今生颗石藻通过有机碳泵（生物泵）和碳酸盐反向泵调节大气p(CO2)，最终影响全球的气候变化。介绍了今生颗石藻对全球气候变化的影响，重点讨论其碳酸盐反向泵过程，从今生颗石藻碳酸盐反向泵的生理学基础、钙化作用与光合作用的耦合机制、全球气候变化下今生颗石藻的有机碳泵和碳酸盐反向泵耦合机制改变等几个方面进行了描述。对中国近海今生颗石藻的研究进行了展望。 相似文献
3.
介绍了颗石藻室内培养的研究进展,重点阐述了基于室内培养颗石藻在生态学、古海洋学和石油地质学等方面的应用。颗石藻在全球海洋环境变化、碳循环及地质演变中扮演着重要角色,这种重要性是由其独特的生物、生理特点所决定的。颗石藻培养方面介绍了藻种的分离与保存、室内培养方法、培养基的选择。应用方面,首先介绍了颗石藻对海洋酸化的响应;其次,颗石藻是二甲基硫丙酸(DMSP)的高产者,释放的二甲基硫(DMS)经过一系列变化后能够对附近海域甚至全球气候产生影响;另外还介绍了基于室内培养颗石藻地球化学指标在古海洋、古气候学方面的应用;最后探讨了颗石藻热模拟实验在石油地质方面的应用。 相似文献
4.
颗石藻是海洋中广泛分布的超微型浮游藻,经生物矿化作用形成的碳酸钙质颗石,在古海洋学研究中具有重要意义。海洋粘土矿物与有机质的有机-无机相互作用在全球碳循环中扮演着重要角色。本文选取广泛分布于海洋的赫氏颗石藻Emiliania huxleyi与海洋粘土矿物中具有代表性的伊利石和蒙脱石共培养。通过对颗石藻生长曲线和Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca元素比值、颗石藻与粘土矿物样品的紫外可见光吸收光谱、红外吸收光谱和矿物物相等分析,研究海洋粘土矿物与颗石藻的相互作用规律。通过研究表明伊利石对颗石藻的影响较小,蒙脱石因对营养元素的吸附和颗石藻的絮凝作用对颗石藻的生长和Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca元素比值影响较大。颗石藻代谢分泌的生物分子未能通过层间插层作用进入伊利石层间,颗石藻分泌的生物分子可通过插层作用进入并储存于蒙脱石层间,海洋粘土矿物中的蒙脱石与海洋微生物的相互作用值得地球微生物家关注,可能有助于对古海洋环境的认识。 相似文献
5.
文石饱和度(Ω文石)是评估海洋酸化及对海洋钙质生物影响的重要指标之一。海洋吸收CO2引起海洋酸化,导致Ω文石显著下降。模式研究预测表明北冰洋表层海水将成为最先出现Ω文石1的世界大洋。通过对北冰洋Ω文石有关研究进行归纳总结,重点阐述了北冰洋Ω文石的分布特征,讨论海—气CO2交换过程、融冰过程以及生物过程等因素对北冰洋Ω文石分布的影响,展望未来的变化趋势并提出一些关键的科学问题。 相似文献
6.
颗石藻元素地球化学研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
颗石藻元素地球化学研究在古海洋学研究中有着重要意义。目前开始研究的主要有Sr/Ca和Mg/Ca比值。研究发现,颗石的Sr/Ca比值主要受颗石藻生长和钙化速度控制,其次受温度影响;而Mg/Ca比值主要与温度有关,属种间受影响程度有差别。样品清洗和单种分离是颗石藻元素地球化学分析的重点和难点。倒置显微镜挑出单种颗石是目前最为方便且准确的分析方法。颗石Sr/Ca比值可以用来反映古生产力,Mg/Ca比值可以用来重建古温度。 相似文献
7.
8.
珊瑚礁的生态和经济功能依赖于珊瑚虫快速钙化所形成的文石碳酸钙骨架结构.近几十年来全球大面积珊瑚钙化率的下降虽然被认为同海洋变暖和酸化密切相关,但确切原因尚未得到证实.尤其是珊瑚碳酸钙骨骼不是直接从海水中钙化,而是在细胞包裹的半封闭、微米级厚度的钙化流体中沉淀,为相关研究带来极大困难.硼同位素-硼钙元素比体系是最近几年发展起来的研究珊瑚钙化流体化学的地球化学新手段.本文介绍了这一体系重建珊瑚钙化流体碳酸盐参数:pH、溶解无机碳(DIC)和CO32-的基本原理和可靠性,重点评述了该体系在珊瑚钙化流体重建和钙化率变化机制研究中的现状和最新研究成果,以及有望取得突破的方向. 相似文献
9.
海洋正在经历变暖和酸化等人类活动引发的全球变化的影响,而深海沉积储存着地球演变历史时期由自然因素驱动过去全球变化的详细档案,通过探究其现今和过去全球变化过程,能够揭示全球变化的特征和规律,为预测未来变化提供依据。近年来在该领域的突出研究进展,是针对社会选择的未来排放轨迹,在深海记录中都能够找到相应的类似情形,用于评估未来地球系统各种变化的过程和后果。其中,以Dansgaard-Oeschger变化为代表的千年尺度事件、以厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)和北大西洋涛动(NAO)为代表的十年尺度气候变化事件,是最接近现今地球变暖的快速气候变化场景。地球系统的发展轨迹目前正处于人类排放温室气体的“热室地球”路径的起点上,如果地球超过了这个“临界点”,它将沿着一条不可逆的道路进入“热室地球”状态,另一种路径则是通向“稳定地球”状态。深海沉积档案中的类似情形能够为社会选择未来排放的轨迹提供重要参考。全球变化研究面临的重大挑战是重新认识其关键过程的理论机制。以海洋变暖和酸化影响硅藻和颗石藻的海洋生物泵过程为例,传统知识认为酸化有利于硅藻建造,但最新的围隔实验研究却发现酸化大幅减少全球硅藻输出;传统知识认为酸化导致海洋生物钙化危机,但近期针对中生代大洋缺氧事件的黑色页岩研究,发现颗石藻的碳酸钙输出在海洋酸化期间大幅增加。这些颠覆性的认识严重挑战了传统全球变化某些关键过程的理论体系。 相似文献
10.
颗石藻生烃的热模拟实验研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对同一种属但生长在不同环境中的两种颗石藻进行了加热模拟实验，探讨其成烃机理。实验发现，颗石菏含有丰富的石油烃类，加热生成的正构烷烃及类异戊二烯烷烃分布与含颗石烃源岩相似。对颗石藻生烃的热演化规律研究表明，氯仿沥青大量产生及烃类组成发生较大变化的实验温度区间为２００－３００℃，此阶段产物相当于镜质体反射率为Ｒ为０．３５－０．５５的含颗石藻烃的源岩，为低成熟原油生成阶段。本文还研究了颗石藻热模拟产物中 相似文献
11.
The Southern Ocean is a strong sink for atmospheric CO2, making it especially vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). The aragonite saturation state (Ωarg) of seawater has been used as an index for the estimation of OA, which plays a critical role in evaluating the living environment of marine calcified organisms. However, it is very difficult to perform the studies of OA and Ωarg in the Southern Ocean due to its harsh climate. Therefore, in order to better understand the OA and its further influences, the advances of Ωarg studies were summarized in the oceans surrounding the Antarctica. Significant spatial and temporal variations of surface seawater Ωarg are demonstrated in the Southern Ocean. In general, the surface seawater Ωarg shows a lower value in the off-shore areas than in the open oceans. And, Ωarg also exhibits a strong seasonal cycle with a higher value in summer than in winter. The distributions of Ωarg in vertical water column generally present a declining tendency from surface to bottom. In addition, the shoaling of Ωarg horizon at high latitude could be attributed to the ventilation and upwelling of deep waters in the Southern Ocean. There are many factors that could impact the Ωarg in the Southern Ocean, including sea ice melting, sea-air CO2 exchange, biological activities and hydrological processes, etc. Finally, the future changes and key scientific problems of OA in the Southern Ocean are proposed. 相似文献
12.
Nie Hongtao Wang Rui Zhao Wei Luo Xiaofan Qi Di Lu Youyu Zhang Yuanhui Wei Hao 《地球科学进展》2017,32(10):1084-1092
Challenged by the enormous pressure to reduce the global carbon emission, it is expected that the Arctic Ocean could absorb additional atmospheric CO2 with the retreating of sea-ice. The Chukchi Sea and adjacent waters, characterized by the highest carbon fixation in the global ocean and large carbon flux into the deep-ocean for sequestration, make substantial contributions to carbon cycling in the entire Arctic Ocean. Understanding the response mechanism of carbon cycling in this region to the rapidly changing environment is the foundation for the prediction of carbon sink in the Arctic Ocean. However, the response of carbon absorption and storage to climate change is still controversial, and the main controlling factors of the carbon cycle process remain unclear.Thus, to establish high-resolution coupled ocean-ice-carbon models can explore the influence of sea ice retreat on atmospheric CO2 and the vertical sinking carbon fluxes in Chukchi Sea, estimate the effectiveness of growing inflow and slope upwelling on carbon sink/source patterns, discuss the response of deep-ocean carbon sequestration to the changing environment, and evaluate the effectiveness of continental shelf pump in the Chukchi Sea as well as its role in the global carbon sink. Based on the challenge for the research of the Chukchi Sea carbon cycle research with rapidly changing climate, the basic ideas of establishing Arctic Ocean carbon cycling model as well as its key scientific issues to be resolved were proposed. 相似文献
13.
目前约25%化石燃料来源的CO2被海洋吸收,缓解了人类活动对气候变化的影响。海洋通过多个概念的碳泵将大气中的CO2输送到深海。深海高压和低温的特点有利于CO2溶解,目前已经储存了相当于大气含量50倍的无机碳,另外,深海沉积物中还储存有大量甲烷水合物。认识深海中的碳循环过程,对于保护海洋固碳能力、开发固碳潜力有重要意义。总结了国内外在海洋碳库、碳输送研究方面的进展,重点讨论了深海C元素转化循环的过程以及高压对生命活动的影响。微生物驱动了深海碳循环,大部分浮游植物所包含的有机碳在沉降过程中被微生物矿化成CO2以及转化为难降解的有机碳,使深海成为巨大的、长周转时间的有机碳库; 高压能提高古菌甲烷厌氧氧化的活性,提升屏蔽海底甲烷释放的能力,同时,高压下氧化甲烷的过程中不仅产生碳酸氢盐,还产生可支持异养生物的乙酸,因此,全球甲烷厌氧氧化的通量可能被低估; 高压下细胞代谢额外产生的氨,可作为氨氧化古菌固定无机碳的潜在能量来源。总之,研究现在以及未来的人类活动对深海碳循环过程的影响以及环境效应,评估应用深海作为地球工程技术平台封存CO2的可能性,都迫切需要加深对碳循环在内的深海元素循环的认识。 相似文献
14.
Huang Sijing Li Xiaoning Wu Wenhui Zhang Meng Hu Zuowei Liu Sibing Huang Keke Zhong Yijiang 《地球科学进展》2015,30(11):1185-1197
Carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates is a record for various important geological events in the process of earth development and evolution. The carbonates of Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic, as the transition from Paleozoic to Mesozoic-Cenozoic have very high 13C value. Taking this as the main point, and combined with the oxygen, strontium isotopic composition in carbonates, distribution of carbonate basin area through geologic time, the correlation of carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates to sea level change, organic carbon burial flux, exchange of CO2 content in atmosphere and ocean, and long cycle evolution of the earth ecosystems were approached. The results are shown as follows: ①The interval of 13C >3‰ during Phanerozoic was concentrated in Carboniferous, Permian and the beginning of Triassic, but the beginning of Triassic was characterized by higher frequency and larger fluctuations in 13C value during a short time, whereas the Carboniferous-Permian presented a continuously stable high 13C value, indicating a larger amount of organic carbon accumulation in this time interval. Relatively high 18O values during this time was also observed, showing a long time of glaciations and cold climate, which suggest a connection among rapid organic carbon burial, cold climate, as well as pCO2 and pO2 states of atmosphere. ②The over consumption of atmosphere CO2 by green plants during the time with high 13C of seawater forced CO2 being transferred from ocean to atmosphere for the balance, but the decrease in the seawater amount and water column pressure caused by the global cooling could weaken dissolution capacity of CO2 in seawater and carbon storage of marine carbonates, and also reduce the carbonate sedimentary rate and decrease the carbonate basin area globally from Devonian to Carboniferous and Permian. During the middle-late Permian carbonate was widely replaced by siliceous sediments even though in shallow carbonate platform, which resulted in the decrease of marine invertebrates, suggesting the Permian chert event should be global. ③The Phanerozoic 87Sr/86Sr trend of seawater showed a sharp fall in Permian and drop to a minimum at the end of the Permian, indicting input of strontium from the submarine hydrothermal systems (mantle flux). Such process should accompany with a supplement of CO2 from deep earth to atmosphere and ocean system, but the process associated with widespread volcanism and rises of earth’s surface temperature pricked up the mass extinction during the time of end Permian. ④Cold climate and increase of continental icecap volume, the amalgamation of northern Africa and Laurentia continentals were the main reasons responsible for the sea level drop, but the water consumption result from the significantly increased accumulation of organic carbon should also be one of the reasons for the sea level drop on the order of tens of meters. ⑤The mass extinction at the end Permian was an inevitable event in the process of earth system adjustment. It was difficult for marine invertebrates to survive because of the continuously rapid burial of organic carbon, and of the decrease of sea water amount and its dissolution ability to CO2. At last, at the end of Paleozoic, the supplement of CO2 to atmosphere and ocean by widely magma activities resulted in a high temperature of earth surface and intensified mass extinction. 相似文献
15.
The recent theoretical studies on the formation and evolution of the atmosphere and oceans of the Earth are reviewed. Impact degassing during accretion of the Earth would probably generate an impact-induced steam atmosphere on the proto-Earth. At the end of accretion, the steam atmosphere became unstable and condensed to form the proto-ocean with almost the present mass of ocean. The steam atmosphere would have thus evolved to the proto-CO2 atmosphere during the earliest history of the Earth because CO in the proto-atmosphere may be photochemically converted to CO2. However, CO2 in the proto-atmosphere has decreased with time through the global carbon cycle which may have stabilized the terrestrial environment against an increase in the solar luminosity. The continental growth during Hadean and Archean would therefore have a significant influence on the carbon cycle and the surface temperature. It is also suggested that the continental growth is a necessary condition for the terrestrial environment to evolve to the present state. Both the impact degassing and the subsequent continuous degassing are suggested to have played a major role in the formation and evolution of the atmosphere and ocean. In particular, most of N2 may have been produced by the impact degassing during accretion, and the contribution of the subsequent continuous degassing is at most 10% for N2. As a consequence, after the CO2 level decreased to less than 1 bar, the atmosphere may have been at about 1 bar and composed mainly of N2 for most of the subsequent history of the Earth. 相似文献
16.
藏南碳酸岩脉成因及其气候效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
始新世末期以来,全球大气CO2浓度持续下降,但长期以来不清楚为何这一时期全球大气CO2浓度下降,巨量的大气CO2赋存于何处。深入研究该问题有助于准确理解未来大气CO2浓度变化的趋势,特别是有助于进一步评估人类自身碳排放的后果。这一时期,小印度陆块持续与大亚洲陆块汇聚,导致了以喜马拉雅为代表的山脉群和青藏高原的形成。很早就有学者从地球表层碳循环的角度提出了"青藏高原的隆升导致了全球变冷"的观点,但这一观点既没有解释清楚"巨量大气CO2到何处去"的问题,也没有讨论青藏高原本身向大气圈排放CO2等问题,因此该观点最近受到了强烈的质疑。这些激烈的争论充分反映了传统的地球表层碳循环研究已不能充分满足当前社会的需求。本文从深部碳循环这个视角重新探讨青藏高原在全球碳循环中的作用。在印度与亚洲陆块持续汇聚期间,以喜马拉雅为代表的巨型山脉快速崛起,然后持续遭受化学风化作用,大量消耗大气CO2。化学风化的产物堆积在喜马拉雅山前的前陆盆地内,形成了巨量含新生碳酸盐矿物和有机碳的西瓦里克沉积杂岩,随后新生的西瓦里克杂岩又随持续平板俯冲的印度陆壳被带入青藏高原内部,与平板俯冲的印度陆壳共同经历高温变质作用。俯冲板片内的(黑)云母等含水矿物发生脱水,形成花岗岩浆。花岗岩浆再与俯冲的西瓦里克杂岩内的碳酸盐岩发生交代反应,释放出含钙、镁离子、以CO2和水为主的高温流体,本文称其为壳源火成碳酸岩浆。碳酸岩浆沿张性裂隙上侵、冷凝之后形成藏南的碳酸岩脉。虽然青藏高原内部的火山、温泉等均向大气圈排放CO2,但所排放的碳均为再循环来自大气圈的碳,并且排放量略小于吸收量,否则消耗大气CO2所新生的碳酸岩脉就不会在青藏高原内部保存下来。藏南大量晚新生代碳酸岩脉的发现充分说明了喜马拉雅山脉和藏南高原是一个巨大的碳储库,在其形成过程中将巨量大气CO2转化为流体(岩浆)的形式封存于青藏高原内部,从而大幅降低了大气CO2浓度,最终导致了全球变冷。上述过程充分说明,大气CO2浓度的变化实质上是受控于地球内部的构造运动。进一步可推论出,"全球变化"只是一个自然现象,虽然它有独特的运行轨迹,但与人类的碳排放量无因果关系。 相似文献
17.
Marine carbon cycle of the South China Sea is an important part of global carbon cycle. Researches on the air-sea CO2 flux in the South China Sea will help us understand the global carbon cycle and improve the global carbon system parameter database. This paper concisely summarized the changes of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), air-sea CO2 fluxes (FCO2), and related environmental factors in four regions in domains in the South China Sea. The low-salinity area of the upper reaches of the Pearl River estuary in the northern of South China Sea shelf area acted as a strong source of atmospheric CO2, with high pCO2（405.3~810.6 Pa）all year round. The lower area of the Pearl River estuary (salinity > 33.7) acted as a weak sink of CO2 in winter, with relatively low pCO2 （35.2~37.0 Pa). The northern slope/basin in the South China Sea acted as a source of CO2 in warm seasons with a relatively high pCO2 (45.0 Pa), and acted as a sink of CO2 in cold seasons with a relatively low pCO2 (34.7 Pa). The west of the Luzon Strait acted as a sink of CO2 in spring, while it acted as a source of CO2 in other seasons, with relative high pCO2 (38.4~47.5 Pa) in winter. The central/southern basin in the South China Sea acted as sources of CO2, with relative high pCO2 (41.0 Pa) all the year. Generally, the estimation of annual sea-air CO2 fluxes showed that most domains in the South China Sea served as weak sources of atmospheric CO2. In the future, more researches should be focused on the time-series of sea surface pCO2 and the remote sensing of the sea-air CO2 fluxes. 相似文献
18.
2030年前实现碳达峰,2060年前实现碳中和是2020年我国提出的国家重大战略目标。以当前我国的二氧化碳排放及能源结构现状,要实现这一伟大目标形势十分严峻。介绍了全球碳循环过程,阐述了碳源与碳汇对于大气CO2浓度的贡献,从减源与增汇2个方面,初步分析了地质调查在推动碳达峰与碳中和目标实现中的作用与可能的贡献,并提出了地质解决路径。生态碳汇固然非常重要,但仍不能完全消除人为CO2排放,且其具有不确定性,因此,需要充分发挥地质调查作用、挖掘地质碳汇潜力,使其成为实现碳中和目标过程中不可或缺的有力支撑。 相似文献
19.
Abuse of fossil energy resources results in the excessive discharge of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, enhancing the trend of global climate warming. Carbon sequestration is an important method to lower the increasing rate of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Marine carbon sequestration is a novel idea for reducing CO2 emission, and its reservoir mainly includes seawater and submarine sediment, which not only possess a great potential capacity of carbon sequestration, but also have high safety in relation to continental reservoirs. In this paper, we expounded the technique principle and mechanisms of marine carbon sequestration, potential capacity and time duration of marine carbon sequestration, main factors influencing marine carbon sequestration, CO2 injection technique, impacts on marine biota from over emission of CO2 and technique monitoring the leakage of CO2. Finally, a prospect of marine carbon sequestration was proposed, and its hot topics were accordingly pointed out. 相似文献
20.
作为天然CO2的示踪矿物,片钠铝石的形成与CO2充注密切相关.莺歌海盆地乐东区乐东X构造莺歌海组-黄流组CO2气藏内发育含片钠铝石砂岩,在开展的岩石学和地球化学研究基础上,确定了研究区片钠铝石的产状和纵向分布特征,分析了形成片钠铝石的“碳来源”和气水条件,进而探讨了与片钠铝石具有成因联系的CO2的成因.乐东X构造含片钠铝石砂岩为细—极细粒长石石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩,片钠铝石主要以充填孔隙及交代颗粒的形式产出,是成岩共生序列中形成较晚的自生矿物之一.在纵向上,片钠铝石仅集中发育于高含CO2气层的底部以及其下的水层中,这一分布特征以地质实例的形式证实了片钠铝石的形成需要水的参与.研究区浅层CO2充注后形成的碳酸盐矿物为片钠铝石和铁白云石.片钠铝石的碳氧同位素特征表明形成片钠铝石的“碳”与LDX构造气层中CO2具有相同的碳来源,以无机幔源成因CO2为主.红河断裂以及莺歌海盆地中央坳陷内一系列底辟构造及伴生的垂向裂隙可能为CO2的运移通道. 相似文献