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1.
青海省铜峪沟铜矿床位于东昆仑东西向构造岩浆带与鄂拉山北西向构造岩浆带的复合部位。依据矿物共生组合、交代与穿插关系可将铜峪沟铜矿成矿过程分为3个阶段:矽卡岩阶段、石英—多金属硫化物阶段及石英—方解石阶段。对不同阶段包裹体进行了包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和包裹体成分分析。研究结果表明,流体包裹体主要为液相包裹体(L型)、气相包裹体(G型)及含子矿物包裹体(S型)。其中矽卡岩阶段以含子矿物包裹体(均一温度为322℃~600℃,盐度为32.92%~73.97%Na Cleqv)和液相包裹体(均一温度为231℃~600℃,盐度为10.74%~21.68%Na Cleqv)为主。石英—多金属硫化物阶段以液相包裹体(均一温度为176℃~381℃,盐度为2.74%~21.96%Na Cleqv)和气相包裹体(均一温度为127℃~419℃,盐度为4.49%~8.81%Na Cleqv)为主。石英—方解石阶段仅发育液相包裹体(均一温度为143℃~201℃,盐度为5.25%~9.21%Na Cleqv)。计算得到流体压力、密度变化范围分别为0.37~132.2 MPa、0.53~1.17 g/cm3。成矿流体具有从高温高盐度向低温低盐度的演化特征。矽卡岩阶段发生了流体的混合作用,石英—多金属硫化物阶段发生了流体的减压沸腾作用导致了大量金属硫化物沉淀,成矿晚阶段流体可能来源于大气降水。分析认为,铜峪沟铜矿为岩浆热液层矽卡岩矿床。 相似文献
2.
随着相山铀矿矿田勘探深度的增加和铀矿科学深钻的实施,在矿田内揭露了大量多金属矿化,流体包裹体和地球化学研究表明,铅锌矿成矿期温度集中在230~300℃之间,成矿压力为12~51MPa,盐度4%~8%Na Cleqv,包裹体气体成分主要为CO2,其次为CH4、N2等,矿物组合为铅锌矿+黄铁矿;黄铜矿成矿期温度集中在320~380℃之间,成矿压力为33~95MPa,盐度8%~12%Na Cleqv,包裹体气体主要成分为CO2,其次为CH4、N2等,矿物组合为黄铜矿+磁黄铁矿+毒砂,成矿流体具有中高温、高压、中高盐度、还原性、低氧逸度、富CO2的特征,铀和多金属成矿流体均具有深源特征,但铀和多金属成矿作用在时间、空间、蚀变和流体特征上存在明显的差异性,不属于同一成矿作用的产物,为华南早中白垩世成矿阶段不同时期的产物。 相似文献
3.
藏南吉松铅锌矿流体包裹体特征及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
吉松铅锌矿床位于喜马拉雅造山带东部,矿体由石英-方解石-硫化物脉组成,主要受北东向断裂构造控制。矿石矿物组合为闪锌矿、方铅矿和少量磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿;脉石矿物包括石英、方解石、毒砂和黄铁矿等。矿床可划分为:Ⅰ.毒砂-黄铁矿-石英阶段;Ⅱ.磁黄铁矿-闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铜矿-石英阶段;Ⅲ.石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段;Ⅳ.表生氧化阶段。石英、方解石中包裹体以气液两相水包裹体为主,含少量CO2包裹体和纯液相水包裹体。成矿流体特征为中低温度、低盐度、低密度,显微测温结果显示:Ⅰ阶段的均一温度范围225~345℃,盐度为0.21%~11.93%Na Cl eqv;Ⅱ阶段的均一温度范围145~339℃,盐度为0.35%~13.26%Na Cl eqv;Ⅲ阶段的均一温度范围210~350℃,盐度为0.35%~15.31%Na Cl eqv。流体包裹体特征表明成矿流体发生了沸腾作用,可能是矿质沉淀的主要原因。分析表明该矿床为中低温热液脉型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
4.
河南省嵩县鱼池岭斑岩钼矿床成矿流体特征及其地质意义 总被引：21，自引：15，他引：6
河南省嵩县鱼池岭钼矿床产于合峪复式花岗岩基内部,含矿岩体为黑云母二长花岗斑岩.矿体呈透镜状或似层状产出于侵入体中,含矿斑岩全岩矿化.矿石构造主要为网脉浸染状,网脉矿物组合有石英±钾长石±绿帘石、石英-萤石±方解石、萤石以及大量的石英-黄铁矿、石英-辉钼矿、石英-多金属硫化物等.根据网脉矿物组合和穿切关系,将矿化过程分为早、中、晚3个阶段,其特征性围岩蚀变分别是高温硅化、钾长石化、绿帘石化,硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、硫化物化,以及低温碳酸盐化、萤石化.脉石英中广泛发育流体包裹体,包括水溶液包裹体(W型)、纯CO_2包裹体(PC型)、H_2O-CO_2包裹体(C型)及含子矿物多相包裹体(S型).早期无矿石英脉中捕获了H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系的初始成矿流体,其温度集中于280～420℃、盐度为30.1 wt%～54.1 wt%NaCl.eqv,压力最大值为194MPa(约6.8km深).成矿流体上升至5.6km左右、温度降低至400℃即发生沸腾,CO_2大量逸失,黄铁矿及少量辉钼矿沉淀,形成石英-黄铁矿-辉钼矿脉;在280～380℃、～137MPa、约4.8km深处流体强烈沸腾,辉钼矿大量沉淀.在200～340℃、约0.8～4.3km深时,黄铁矿、辉钼矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿等多种金属硫化物沉淀,形成石英-多金属硫化物脉.晚期流体为H_2O-NaCl体系,脉石英中仅见水溶液包裹体,均一温度为130～200℃.上述结果表明,由酸性岩浆分异出高温、高盐度、富CO_2流体,CO_2可大量存在于浆控高温热液体系.结合区域地质演化,认为包括鱼池岭含矿斑岩在内的合峪花岗岩基形成于加厚造山带地壳的快速隆升过程;考虑到成矿年龄为144Ma,确定144Ma以来的最大剥蚀厚度不超过7km,平均剥蚀速率不超过0.05mm/a. 相似文献
5.
内蒙古白音诺尔铅锌矿床为一大型矽卡岩型矿床。成矿作用分为两期5个阶段,包裹体显微测温研究表明:Ⅰ-1阶段主要发育气液两相包裹体(VL型)、富气相包裹体(LV型)及含Na Cl子矿物三相包裹体(SL型)。VL型包裹体均一温度变化范围为375.4℃~479.8℃,盐度为10.73%~13.73%Na Cleqv;LV型包裹体均一温度变化范围为415.2℃~458.4℃,盐度为5.32%~7.67%Na Cleqv;SL型包裹体均一温度变化范围为434.6℃~497.5℃,盐度为42.15%~45.25%Na Cleqv。Ⅰ-1阶段流体属中-高温、高盐度的不混溶Na Cl--H2O体系热液。Ⅰ--2阶段发育VL型和LV型两类包裹体,VL型包裹体均一温度的变化范围为202.3℃~345.7℃,盐度为5.17%~11.22%Na Cleqv;LV型包裹体均一温度为265.7℃~381.9℃,盐度1.98%~5.01%Na Cleqv。Ⅰ--2阶段流体性质为中温、中等盐度的不均匀Na Cl--H2O体系热液。Ⅱ--2阶段(主成矿阶段)主要发育VL型包裹体,均一温度分布于165.9℃~258.7℃,盐度为0.83%~5.62%Na Cleqv,说明流体性质为中--低温、低盐度的均一Na Cl--H2O体系热液。在流体由中--高温、高盐度不均匀Na Cl--H2O体系向中--低温、低盐度的均一Na Cl--H2O体系热液演化的过程中,金属元素逐渐富集并最终形成矿床。包裹体中碳氢氧同位素的研究证明早期流体来源以岩浆水为主,并有少量大气降水的参与;而晚期流体来源主要为大气降水。 相似文献
6.
贵州泥堡金矿床流体包裹体特征及其成矿意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为揭示泥堡金矿床的成因机制,本文对泥堡金矿床两类矿体中的萤石、方解石中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微热力学和单个包裹体成分的激光拉曼显微探针分析。结果表明,层控型矿体为早期成矿阶段的产物,其中的脉石矿物萤石中发育了气液两相水溶液包裹体、含CO2包裹体,其均一温度为220~260℃,盐度为0.00%~2.00%NaCleq,密度为0.54~1.03g/cm3;断裂带型矿体方解石中发育气液两相水溶液包裹体、含CO2气液两相包裹体和含子矿物的三相包裹体,其均一温度主要为100~200℃,盐度为3.00%~6.00%NaCleq,密度为0.69~1.00g/cm3。计算得到早期成矿阶段流体捕获压力为40~80MPa,成矿深度为1.5~3.0km;断裂带型矿体中流体的捕获压力为30~40MPa,成矿深度为1.0~2.5km。反映出初始流体的中-低温、低盐度、低密度并含CO2及CH4、N2等有机气体成分的特点。流体混合是导致成矿早期阶段矿质初步富集形成层控型矿体的原因,后期的断裂带活动引发的流体沸腾是形成断裂带型矿体的原因。 相似文献
7.
西藏冈底斯罗布真铅锌矿床成矿流体特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
西藏罗布真铅锌矿床位于冈底斯西缘,其矿体主要产于古新世林子宗群英安岩及斑状二长花岗岩中,并受断裂控制。成矿过程可分为石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)和石英-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅱ)。Ⅰ阶段石英中分布三种类型的包裹体,即:纯气相包裹体(成分为CO2或CH4)、水溶液包裹体(液相组分主要为H2O,含微量CO2,气相组分主要为H2O和CO2)和含子矿物多相包裹体。Ⅱ阶段石英中的包裹体类型及对应的成分与Ⅰ阶段石英大体相似,但部分水溶液包裹体气液相成分均为H2O;Ⅱ阶段闪锌矿中分布水溶液包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体,二者液相组分和气相组分主要为H2O,子矿物为方解石。Ⅰ阶段包裹体均一温度集中在200~320℃,盐度集中在8%~16%Na Cleqv,Ⅱ阶段包裹体均一温度集中在180~240℃和280~320℃两个区间,盐度集中在6%~12%Na Cleqv。成矿流体为中温、中低盐度的H2O-Na Cl±CO2体系。成矿流体的δDH2O值为-91‰~-125‰,δ18OH2O值为3.9‰~6.6‰,表明其来源主要为岩浆水。以气液相分离为标志的流体不混溶是矿区硫化物沉淀的重要机制。 相似文献
8.
东昆仑造山带海德乌拉铀矿床是近些年西北地区最新探明的与火山岩有关的独立铀矿床,该矿床的发现为东昆仑造山带探寻热液型铀矿床提供了指示意义。本文选择与海德乌拉铀矿成矿期相关的透明矿物（粉红色方解石、紫黑色萤石及石英）作为研究对象,系统地开展C- H- O同位素和流体包裹体研究,查明该矿床成矿流体的来源与性质,并探讨矿床成因。研究结果表明,海德乌拉铀矿床成矿期石英中主要为H2O气液两相包裹体,少见CO2- H2O两相包裹体;在粉红色方解石脉、紫黑色萤石脉中流体包裹体均含H2O气液两相包裹体,在粉红色方解石脉中偶见纯液相包裹体,均未见到纯气相及含固相包裹体。成矿期粉红色方解石、紫黑色萤石及石英中包裹体均一温度范围分别为133~187℃（均值163℃）、127~204℃（均值169℃）、183~287℃（均值219℃）,盐度范围分别为1. 40%~7. 02%NaCleq（均值3. 65%NaCleq）、0. 53%~3. 06%NaCleq（均值1. 26%NaCleq）、7. 17%~17. 26%NaCleq（均值为11. 46%NaCleq）。流体包裹体气相成分以H2O为主,另含少量CO2等。C- H- O同位素实验数据表明,流体中δ13CFluid- V- PDB、δDFluid- V- SMOW、δ18OFluid- V- SMOW值的变化范围分别为1. 59‰~1. 00‰、71‰~63‰、0. 03‰~3. 72‰,表明成矿流体并非单一来源,可能为大气降水与岩浆水混合来源。此外,沥青铀矿的沉淀主要是由于流体与围岩的相互反应所引起的物理化学条件变化加上流体沸腾/CO2去气,最终导致了沥青铀矿等成矿物质发生大规模的卸载与沉淀。 相似文献
9.
湘东北杨山庄金矿床流体成矿机制 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
杨山庄金矿床位于江南造山带中部,矿体严格受NW-NWW向断裂控制,赋存于新元古代浅变质的绢云母板岩和粉砂质板岩中,成矿期分为三个阶段:石英-毒砂-黄铁矿(少量)-自然金-白钨矿-白云石-白云母(阶段Ⅰ)、石英-毒砂-黄铁矿-自然金-黄铜矿-方铅矿-闪锌矿-绢云母(阶段Ⅱ)和石英-方解石(阶段Ⅲ)。成矿Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段流体包裹体以两相水溶液包裹体为主,含有少量的气相包裹体和含CO_2的三相包裹体,气相包裹体成分为CH_4-N_2-CO_2、N_2-CO_2和N_2。成矿温度集中在240~320℃,盐度集中在7%~9%Na Cleqv,成矿流体为中-低温、中低盐度H_2O-Na Cl-CO_2体系。在成矿Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段,成矿流体与围岩发生交代反应,流体发生相分离,使液相CO_2含量降低,引起Au(HS)~(2-)溶解度降低,导致金发生沉淀。 相似文献
10.
湘西花垣地区铅锌矿床流体包裹体显微测温与特征元素测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
花垣铅锌矿床的成矿流体演化特点和铅锌矿物沉淀机制存有分歧,为了总结矿床成因并建立成矿模式,指导该地区铅锌矿的下一步找矿勘探工作.对闪锌矿、主成矿期方解石和萤石中的流体包裹体进行岩相学观察、显微测温、拉曼光谱分析以及同步辐射X射线荧光微探针分析,结果显示花垣地区铅锌矿床成矿流体温度主要为150~220℃,总盐度一般为13%~23% NaCleqv,多> 15% NaCleqv,密度多 > 1 g/cm3,成矿流体为NaCl-CaCl2-MgCl2-H2O卤水体系.成矿流体均一温度具有由北而南降低的趋势.流体液相组分中主要为Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、Cl-,具有盆地热卤水体系特点.流体包裹体气相中发育CO2、CH4,方解石、萤石中流体包裹体均有成矿元素Pb、Zn的存在.花垣矿集区成矿流体属于低温度、中-高盐度、中-高密度,成分以钠和钙氯化物为主的含矿热水溶液,流体运移方向为由北向南,流体来源于封层水、大气降水和少量变质水.铅锌矿物的沉淀与热化学硫酸盐还原作用有关.闪锌矿、方铅矿等矿石矿物与方解石、萤石等脉石矿物应属同一富含Pb、Zn、Mn、Fe、As、Cr等成矿元素的成矿流体在同一成矿期次相同条件下沉淀的产物. 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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13.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
14.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
15.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
16.
17.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
18.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献