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1.
依据Stoke定律将长江小于63 μm的沉积物分成4个粒级.将黄河小于63 μm的沉积物分成6个粒级.采用ICP-MS法分别测试了分粒级沉积物的REE含量,结果显示：相同粒级中长江沉积物的∑REE均高于黄河沉积物.长江沉积物REE的丰度遵循元素的“粒度控制律”,即随粒度变细∑REE含量依次增高;黄河沉积物∑REE呈“高-低-高”的不对称马鞍型分布;北美页岩标准化分布曲线均呈右倾状,轻重稀土分馏明显,相对富集LREE,具弱Ce亏损,明显的Eu正异常.长江与黄河沉积物REE组成特征差异与两条河流流域的风化作用及沉积物的矿物组成密切相关,黄河∑REE的马鞍型分布是细粒级中黏土矿物吸附及粗粒级中相对高含量的重矿物富集作用的结果,而长江沉积物随粒级增大∑REE的衰减趋势主要是随粒级增大逐步增加的石英和长石含量的稀释作用所造成. 相似文献
2.
依据Stokes颗粒沉降原理将黄河利津水文站和汊河清八站的表层沉积物分别提取为<2μm,2~4μm,4~8μm,8~16μm,16~32μm和32~63μm的6个粒级,采用ICP-MS法对各个粒级沉积物的15个稀土元素进行测试。结果表明:黄河沉积物两个样品REE含量随粒度增大的变化趋势有细微差别,但总体随粒度大小呈"高—低—高"的不对称马鞍型分布,其中最高REE含量和最低REE含量分别位于<4μm的粘土粒级和4~16μm细粉砂粒级中; 各粒级沉积物经北美页岩标准化后,REE的配分模式一致,呈平缓的右倾型,相对富集轻稀土,明显的Eu正异常和Ce负异常。对各个粒级样品进行X射线衍射分析及体视镜下观测,石英含量随粒级增大而增加, 长石在8~16μm中含量最高,在16~32μm中,碳酸岩含量最高,随着粒级增大,重矿物含量逐渐增加,黄河沉积物REE随粒度的变化特征与粘土矿物对其吸附及流域碎屑沉积物不同粒级的矿物成分密切相关。 相似文献
3.
内蒙古黄旗海 H3剖面中发育黄旗海全新世高湖面时形成的湖相粉砂质沉积。对全样、77~20μ m
粒级、小于20 μm粒级沉积物的 Rb、Sr含量,以及小于20 μ m
粒级样品中碳酸盐矿物种类及含量的测试结果
表明,全新世早、中期形成的湖泊沉积物中,自生富锶文石是Sr在沉积物中含量较高的主要原因。各粒级沉积
物中Rb 、Sr含量与沉积物粒度组成的关系表明：Sr 倾向富集于黏粒 （ ＜4 μ m）中,可能与湖泊自生碳酸盐以泥
晶为主有关,而 Rb倾向富集于 4～28 μ m
颗粒粒级中,可能与其硅酸盐矿物碎化过程的特点有关;Sr 与 Rb存
在粒度效应,且二者粒度效应明显不同。Rb／Sr 与湖泊、流域的诸多过程及沉积物粒度效应有关,在不同湖泊演
化阶段,其具体的环境含义不同,这是湖泊沉积与风化壳的不同之处。 相似文献
4.
内蒙古黄旗海H3剖面中发育黄旗海全新世高湖面时形成的湖相粉砂质沉积。对全样、77～20μm粒级、小于20,μm粒级沉积物的Rb、Sr含量,以及小于20,μm粒级样品中碳酸盐矿物种类及含量的测试结果表明,全新世早、中期形成的湖泊沉积物中,自生富锶文石是Sr在沉积物中含量较高的主要原因。各粒级沉积物中Rb、Sr含量与沉积物粒度组成的关系表明:Sr倾向富集于黏粒(4,μm)中,可能与湖泊自生碳酸盐以泥晶为主有关,而Rb倾向富集于4～28,μm颗粒粒级中,可能与其硅酸盐矿物碎化过程的特点有关;Sr与Rb存在粒度效应,且二者粒度效应明显不同。Rb/Sr与湖泊、流域的诸多过程及沉积物粒度效应有关,在不同湖泊演化阶段,其具体的环境含义不同,这是湖泊沉积与风化壳的不同之处。 相似文献
5.
在沉积学中,粒度是指沉积颗粒的直径大小。用来研究沉积物（岩）的粒度大小和各粒级组分分布状况的方法称为粒度分析。 相似文献
6.
乌梁素海沉积物中全磷的分布特征 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
开展了浅水草型湖泊乌梁素海沉积物中TP(全磷)的分布特征研究。结果表明,乌梁素海表层沉积物中TP含量在0.37~0.99 g/kg之间变化,平均值为0.75 g/kg;水平分布上,TP含量呈现从湖区四周向湖心递减的变化趋势,大部分湖区已具有生态毒性效应,并对湖区底栖生物群落和生态环境构成了较大威胁;垂向上,尽管沉积物中TP含量有所波动,但0~10 cm的表层沉积物中TP含量均随深度增加而递减,揭示了近年来人类活动的加剧对乌梁素海沉积物中磷累积的重大影响;实验得出了粉砂、粘土粒级>极细砂粒级>细砂粒级>中砂以上粒级的TP含量序列,各粒级对TP的吸附贡献率由吸附能力和质量百分比共同控制;磷的沉积对乌梁素海富营养化进程有深远影响。 相似文献
7.
南海东部海域沉积物粒度分布特征 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：22
对南海东部海域 179个站表层沉积物作了粒度分析、粒度参数计算和多元统计分析 ,结合有关资料探讨了南海东部沉积物粒度分布特征、沉积物运移方式和沉积环境。南海东部表层沉积物主要粒级是 4 .0～ 10 .0(粗粉砂—粗粘土 ) ,核心粒级是 6 .0～ 8.0(细粉砂 ) ,火山灰沉积物平均粒径 4 .4 6～ 6 .4 0 ,平均 5 .6 9。粒度R型聚类分析得出三群 :第一群由 1.5～ 3.0、9.5～ 14 .0粒级组成 ,也就是粗、细两端粒级。第二群由 3.5～ 5 .0粒级组成。第三群由5 .5～ 9.0粒级组成。各粒级归类良好 ,图形清晰。R型因子分析结果表明前 4种因子累计特征值比例达 94 .5 0 % ,因子 1和因子 2是主导因子。因子 1主要由负载荷粗粉砂级和正载荷粘土级物质构成。因子 2主要由负载荷极细砂级和正载荷细粉砂级物质组成。因子 3和因子 4分别由悬浮质 (0 .0 6～ 0 .12 μm)和中砂 (2 5 0～ 35 4 μm)组成。沉积物因子作用分区与物质来源、海流、地形和沉积作用密切相关。南海东部沉积物中粉砂和粘土含量总体上由北向南呈线性逐渐增加 ,平均粒径和峰态也有同样的变化趋势 ,分选系数和偏态则明显地反映出在约 17°N呈急剧下跌和上升 ,这些现象表明 17°N是南部、北部沉积物类型分界线位置。沉积物粒度、物质组成和 相似文献
8.
水系沉积物测量在我国是一门比较成熟的技术,但在不同的表生环境条件下开展水系沉积物测量的最佳采样粒度也不尽相同。通过对豫西熊儿山金矿田牛头沟矿区不同粒度土壤和水系沉积物样品风化过程中元素行为的研究,发现土壤和水系沉积物样品随粒度变细其风化程度增强,且这一特征在水系沉积物样品中表现更为明显。当样品粒度为4～100目时,元素含量逐渐升高或降低,变化趋势较为稳定;当粒度小于100目时,样品中元素含量发生显著变化,其主导风化机制可能发生了改变。热液成矿元素在土壤样品中相对富集在60～100目的粒度,在水系沉积物样品中相对富集在80～100目的粒度,参考各粒级样品在全粒级样品中的质量分数,建议选择60～100目作为水系沉积物测量的最佳采样粒度。这一粒级样品既可继承原岩在连续风化过程中的元素行为,又不受后期新的风化机制的明显影响,同时可最大限度地风化而分散以达到降低采样密度的需要。选择60～100目粒级样品在牛头沟金矿区开展了1∶5万化探普查,结果发现元素浓集中心与各矿段空间位置吻合较好,为豫西熊儿山地区开展1∶5万化探普查提供了技术参考。 相似文献
9.
乌梁素海湖泊沉积物粒度特征及其环境指示意义 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
结合放射性同位素测年,在对乌梁素海湖泊沉积物粒度的分析基础上,结合黄河以及河套地区相关文献资料,探讨乌梁素海在自然和人类活动共同作用下的演变过程。乌梁素海沉积物中黏土（<4 μm）平均含量28.7%、细粉砂（4～16 μm）平均含量34.4%、中粉砂（16～32 μm）平均含量17.3%、粗粉砂（32～64 μm）组分平均含量14.1%、砂质组分（>64 μm）含量整体较低,平均含量为5.5%。沉积物不同粒级范围颗粒含量的相关性分析表明,在1965年左右（岩芯深度20 cm）乌梁素海沉积物组分特征发生了明显变化。基于此,结合前期对湖泊沉积物中元素含量特征的分析,利用粒径-标准偏差方法,通过对比黄河泥沙以及流域沉积物的粒度特征,研究了约1965年前后两个时段的沉积物来源。尽管乌梁素海湖泊沉积物主要来源于黄河携带的泥沙以及河套平原灌溉退水携带的大量流域表土侵蚀物质,但同一物源组分在1965年前后这两个不同的演化阶段具有不同的粒级特征。1965年之前,<19.95 μm的粒级组分反映了河套平原灌溉退水携带的流域表层侵蚀物质组分特征,而19.95～181.97 μm的粗颗粒组分反映了黄河径流携带的泥沙,后者决定了乌梁素海沉积物的粒级特征。1965年以来,这两种不同来源组分的粒级变细,灌溉退水携带的流域表土侵蚀物质（<5.71 μm组分）控制了湖泊沉积物的粒度特征,并与总排干入乌梁素海的水量变化、围湖建堤以及扬水站的修建等人类活动强度密切相关。总体来看,上世纪六十年代以来,乌梁素海湖泊沉积物的粒度组成受人类施加的影响已经超越了自然作用的影响。 相似文献
10.
东海陆架北部泥质区表层沉积物碳酸盐粒级分布与物源分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
对取自东海陆架北部表层沉积物及黄河、长江河道沉积物样品按1／4Φ或1／2Φ的间隔筛分，分别测定不同粒级中碳酸盐的含量，结果表明东海陆架表层沉积物碳酸盐含量都较高，且在砂、砾级中异常富集，碳酸盐颗粒分布具有分散、多峰的特点；黄河沉积物碳酸盐含量较高，主要分布于细粒级部分，并在细粒部分富集；长江沉积物碳酸盐含量明显低于黄河，分布较均匀，但是由于有淡水钙质生物碎屑的混入导致粗粒级中碳酸盐较为富集。依据沉积物中碳酸盐含量、分布及富集特征，结合沉积作用分析，表明济州岛西南泥质区沉积物为黄河、长江物质以及泥质区周边的再悬浮物质三部分的混合产物。 相似文献
11.
《Chemical Geology》2002,182(2-4):377-394
Bulk heavy metal (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd), Al, organic carbon and carbonate concentrations, grain sizes, and δC13 of the organic carbon distributions were studied in sediments collected throughout the East China Sea continental shelf and the Yangtze River Delta. The results demonstrated that terrigenous sediments from the Yangtze River is a dominating factor controlling the spatial variations of heavy metals and organic carbon concentrations on the East China Sea continental shelf. In addition, grain size and recent anthropogenic influences are also major factors modifying the spatial and vertical variations of heavy metals.Large spatial variations with a band type distribution of heavy metals, grain size, organic carbon and carbonate were observed. Higher concentrations of heavy metal and light δC13 of the organic carbon were found primarily in the Deltaic and inner shelf sediments. The band type distribution generally followed the coastline with little variations in the north–south direction. Away from the Delta and inner shelf (west–east direction), most heavy metal concentrations decreased rapidly with the exception of Cd where high concentrations of Cd were also found in the carbonate-rich shelf break sediments. Coarse-grained relict sediments and biogenic carbonate are two primary diluting agents for the fine-grained aluminosilicate sediments from the Yangtze River with high concentrations of heavy metals.Unusually high concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Cd showed both spatially and vertically that more pollution prevention measures are needed in the Yangtze River drainage basin in order to prevent further heavy metal pollution of the East China Sea inner continental shelf. 相似文献
12.
Sequential core sediments from northwestern Taihu Lake in China were analyzed for grain size, organic carbon and heavy metal content. The sediments are composed of organic-poor clayey-fine silts. The chemical speciations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were also analyzed using the BCR sequential extraction procedure. Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn are mainly associated with the residue fraction; Mn is concentrated mainly in exchangeable/carbonate fraction and residue fraction; and Pb mainly in Fe/Mn oxide fraction and organic/sulfide fraction. The exchangeable/carbonate fractions of Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn and Pb are lower. The fractions of Ni, Pb and Zn bound to the Fe/Mn oxide have significant correlations with reducible Mn; the organic/sulfide fractions of Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn have significant correlations with TOC. The extractable fractions of Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn are high at the top 4 cm of the core sediments as compared to those in the deeper layers, showing the anthropogenic input of heavy metals is due to rapid industrial development. The heavy metal pollution history of the sediments has been recorded since the late 1970s, determined by the result of ^137Cs dating. 相似文献
13.
14.
The water ecosystem of the Vyshny Volochek Reservoir is characterized based on the study of the distribution of heavy metals speciations in the solid phase and pore waters of bottom sediments. Using the sequential extraction procedure, it is shown that Mn is mainly present in exchangeable and carbonate-bound forms; significant roles for Fe, Zn, Pb, and Co are played by forms that are bound to iron and manganese hydroxides and Cu and Ni are mainly bound to organic matter. Thermodynamic calculations have established the prevailing share of the following forms in pore waters: free ions for Zn, Ni, Co, and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, and fulvic complexes for Cu. It has been revealed that the speciation forms of heavy metals in bottom sediments depend on the lithological features and content of organic matter in sediments. 相似文献
15.
16.
The study focuses on the lateral distribution and the environmental geochemistry of seven heavy metals: Fe, Mn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, and Zn in addition to Al in the stream sediments of Wadi Allaqi. Forty-two samples were collected from the upstream, the midstream, and the downstream of this Wadi. Results of the grain size analysis show that the sediments of Wadi Allaqi are fine to medium sand. The heavy metals content reflects the weathering impact on the hinterland. The highest concentrations of Fe, Al, Mn, Cu, Pb, and Zn are recorded in the midstream that is dominated by clastics of felsic and intermediate composition. Moreover, the downstream, occupied by ultrabasic–basic rocks, shows the highest averages of Co and Ni. These results suggest that the felsic and intermediate rocks are the main source of the former metals, whereas the ultrabasic–basic rocks are the source of later two metals. All the analyzed heavy metals have average concentrations lower than their backgrounds, except for Co and Pb. The pollution level by these heavy metals has been evaluated using enrichment ratio (ER), pollution load index (PLI), and index of geoaccumulation (Igeo). The calculated values of ER, CF, PLI, and Igeo indicate that Wadi Allaqi sediments are almost pristine except occasional feeble pollution level by Co and Pb. 相似文献
17.
Shouliang Huo Beidou Xi Xiujuan Yu Jing Su Fengyu Zan Guangchao Zhao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(7):2275-2285
In this study, the equilibrium partitioning approach was used to derive the sediment quality criteria (SQC) recommended values of eight heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Fe and Mn) for surface sediments taken from Lake Chaohu. The concentration of the heavy metal in the interstitial water (C IW) was determined by the film diffusion gradient technology to obtain the metal partitioning coefficient (K P). Moreover, the metal fractionation of the sediments were analyzed using European Community Bureau of Reference sequential extraction procedure and the partitioning of bound phases including total organic carbon (TOC), grain sizes and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) were also investigated. The values of K P for Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Fe and Mn were 3,924.84, 2,276.23, 17,811.30, 738.35, 10,986.54, 718.74, 5,875.34 and 341.20 L/kg, respectively. Sediment quality criteria were normalized on the basis of fine materials, AVS, TOC and the residual metals (M R). SQC values for Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Fe and Mn based on Chinese surface water quality criteria were derived with the values of 78.53, 56.95, 362.93, 74.68, 23.90, 71.84, 3,546.53 and 68.42 mg/kg, respectively. The suggested SQC values in this study were compared SQCs from different countries and areas, which indicated SQCs from different countries or regions appeared to have great discrepancies attributed to the difference of the physical and chemical characteristics of sediments. 相似文献
18.
Heavy metal mobility assessment in sediments from the Odiel River (Iberian Pyritic Belt) using sequential extraction 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Rafael Beltrán J. D. de la Rosa J. C. Santos M. Beltrán J. L. Gómez-Ariza 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(7):1493-1503
The Tessier sequential extraction scheme (SES) was applied to sediments from the Odiel river catchment (Iberian Pyritic Belt,
SW of Spain), one of the most acid rivers on Earth, to assess the chemical association (exchangeable, carbonatic, bound to
manganese and iron oxides, bound to organic matter and residual mineral) of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe,
and Hg). Sediments are very heterogeneous in their textural characteristics, showing different grain size. Twenty-seven samples
were studied from from areas along the Odiel River, from the source to the mouth, with special interest in the Odiel Marshes
Natural Park due to its ecological significance. Samples were classified as sandy (especially at the river mouth with low
iron oxide and organic matter content) and clay-silty (in the middle of the river catchment with high iron oxide content).
The numerous sandy samples with low pH values explain the low levels of metals upstream, although potential metals contributions
arise from mining and ore. However, the presence of sulfate in the mining area and carbonate at the mouth may explain the
high presence of lead and iron in these sandy zones. Some percentage of mobile Ni, Cu, and Zn were detected in the mining
area, but the elevated relative percentage of exchangeable Cd in the estuary is even more remarkable. The percentage of Zn
bound to carbonate is considerable in the catchment but especially in the estuary. However, Cu is only detected in the carbonate
phase downstream, in spite of the low concentration of carbonate, which represents a drawback in the application of the Tessier
SES to these types of samples. Finally, relatively high percentages of residual, non-mobile, Hg and Pb were observed, in the
estuarine and mining areas, respectively. Sand, lime, and clay fractions of representative samples from Areas I, II, and III
were used in a metal speciation study. Mainly, the elements analyzed had accumulated in the non-residual fractions. In the
mining area of the Pyrite Belt, the elements analyzed are mainly bound to Fe–Mn oxides (Fe + Mn + Cu + Cr + Pb + Mn ± Zn)
and the organic matter/sulfide fraction (Ni + Zn + Hg ± Cd), independent of sediment grain size. In conclusion, we show that
the results of the study of chemical speciation in sediments from acid rivers are independent of the sediment grain size considered. 相似文献
19.
南海湖沉积物重金属形态分布及其对水质影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对包头市南海湖沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的形态、AVS和SEM、上覆水、上覆过滤水及沉积物间隙水重金属的系统分析，结合南海湖为黄河新成牛轭湖的特点，与黄河进行了对比，研究了重金属在固、液两相间的迁移转化规律，结果表明南海湖与黄河沉积物中重金属的残渣态非常接近，反映了沉积的同源性，Pb和Cd次生相则明显在南海湖发生富集，上覆水中重金属81.0%以上均结合在悬浮物上，南海湖水质长期Cu超标的现象是由沉积物的释放造成的，研究证明间隙水为重金属向上覆水迁移起到桥梁通道作用；有机络合物的络合作用超过AVS的沉淀作用，是导致Cu向水相扩散迁移的主导因子。 相似文献
20.
Partitioning of heavy metals in surface Black Sea sediments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bulk heavy metal (Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb) distributions and their chemical partitioning, together with TOC and carbonate data, were studied in oxic to anoxic surface sediments (0–2 cm) obtained at 18 stations throughout the Black Sea. TOC and carbonate contents, and available hydrographic data, indicate biogenic organic matter produced in shallower waters is transported and buried in the deeper waters of the Black Sea. Bulk metal concentrations measured in the sediments can be related to their geochemical cycles and the geology of the surrounding Black Sea region. Somewhat high Cr and Ni contents in the sediments are interpreted to reflect, in part, the weathering of basic-ultrabasic rocks on the Turkish mainland. Maximum carbonate-free levels of Mn (4347 ppm), Ni (355 ppm) and Co (64 ppm) obtained for sediment from the shallow-water station (102 m) probably result from redox cycling at the socalled ‘Mn pump zone’ where scavenging-precipitation processes of Mn prevail. Chemical partitioning of the heavy metals revealed that Cu, Cr and Fe seem to be significantly bound to the detrital phases whereas carbonate phases tend to hold considerable amounts of Mn and Pb. The sequential extraction procedures used in this study also show that the metals Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb associated with the ‘oxidizable phases’ are in far greater concentrations than the occurrences of these metals with detrital and carbonate phases. These results are in good agreement with the recent studies on suspended matter and thermodynamic calculations which have revealed that organic compounds and sulfides are the major metal carriers in the anoxic Black Sea basin, whereas Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides can also be important phases of other metals, especially at oxic sites. This study shows that, if used with a suitable combination of the various sequential extraction techniques, metal partitioning can provide important information on the varying geological sources and modes of occurrence and distribution of heavy metals in sediments, as well as, on the physical and chemical conditions prevailing in an anoxic marine environment. 相似文献