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1.
采用水热法成功合成四方纤铁矿(β-FeOOH),并结合XRD、SEM、zeta电位分析等对合成物进行系列表征。重点考察Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、pH值以及不同光照条件等因素下,β-FeOOH对Cr(Ⅵ)去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:合成得到的β-FeOOH为纺锤形晶体,长径200nm~250nm,端面直径30nm~50nm。Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、pH值以及光照条件对β-FeOOH去除Cr(Ⅵ)均存在重要影响。随着Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度的升高,β-FeOOH吸附Cr(Ⅵ)量呈先递增后降低的趋势,当Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为50.07 mg/L时,β-FeOOH吸附Cr(Ⅵ)量达到最大值12.05mg/g,且吸附特征符合Langmuir方程吸附模型,饱和吸附量为16.35mg/g;β-FeOOH宜在弱酸性环境下去除Cr(Ⅵ),随着污染液pH的升高,β-FeOOH对Cr(Ⅵ)去除率呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在pH为6.24时去除率达到最大,为96.67%;光照条件会影响β-FeOOH对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除,β-FeOOH对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效率呈现出黑暗环境自然环境紫外光照射。  相似文献   

2.
低聚合羟基铁-蒙脱石复合体吸附铬酸根的实验研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  
摘要：在模拟的酸性土壤条件下，利用制备的低聚合羟基铁蒙脱石复合体对铬酸根进行吸附实验。重点研究了吸附条件对复合体铬吸附能力的影响，对比了蒙脱石和含水氧化铁。结果表明，实验条件下复合体有较强的铬吸附能力，其铬吸附量低于铁沉积物而明显高于蒙脱石。铬初始质量浓度是影响复合体铬吸附量的最主要因素，离子强度次之。吸附时间(12h以上)、温度、pH值对复合体铬吸附量的影响很小；说明在酸性土壤条件下，复合体有强且稳定的铬吸附能力。  相似文献   

3.
阴-阳离子有机膨润土制备及其吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响因素研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
本文采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对辽宁黑山膨润土进行不同工艺的阴-阳离子有机膨润土制备,探讨了阴-阳离子有机膨润土对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附机理,并利用正交实验分析了各实验因子对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附效果的影响,为污染地下水修复技术PRB提供一种新的反应介质和技术参数。研究结果表明:阴-阳离子有机膨润土(Na-R-ACOMMT)吸附Cr(Ⅵ)是物理吸附和化学吸附联合作用的结果;pH值和投加量是影响Na-R-ACOMMT对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附效果的2个最主要的因素,尤其是pH值;Na-R-ACOMMT吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳条件是投加10g/l 60~80目的样品,在40℃、pH值等于2、150r/min的环境下振荡60min,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率高达93.55%,且吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程。  相似文献   

4.
天然黄铁矿对Cr (Ⅵ)具有较强的处理能力。本研究选取湖北十堰某天然含铅黄铁矿试样处理含Cr (Ⅵ)的废水,利用X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱对样品进行结构与成分分析,考察了去除Cr(Ⅵ)反应的影响因素。结果表明,天然含铅黄铁矿样品对Cr (Ⅵ)具有较好的去除能力,其对浓度为50mg/L的含Cr(Ⅵ)废水去除率达95%~99%。并系统研究了黄铁矿颗粒粒度、反应时长、pH值对处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水性能的影响,发现Cr(Ⅵ)主要吸附在黄铁矿颗粒表面形成絮状物质,对反应后产物的SEM和XRD分析结果表明,反应形成的絮状沉淀物为含铬、铅元素的针状铬铅矿,这对生成次生矿物沉淀从而除铬的新方法具有进一步的研究意义。  相似文献   

5.
天然黄铁矿对阳离子有机染料RhB吸附特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以黄铁矿作为吸附剂研究罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,RhB)的吸附特性,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对黄铁矿进行了表征。考察了接触时间、溶液pH值、离子强度、温度等对黄铁矿吸附RhB的影响。结果表明,在吸附平衡时间120 min、pH值4.0时,吸附量达到最大值21.3 mg/g。升高温度,黄铁矿对RhB的吸附量逐渐增大。而离子强度对吸附几乎没有影响。实验数据与Langmuir吸附模型拟合良好,整个吸附动力学模型符合准二级吸附动力学模型。热力学研究证实了该吸附过程是自发进行的。通过对吸附反应结束后的黄铁矿进行煅烧处理,去除表面吸附的RhB,结果表明煅烧一次的黄铁矿仍然可以吸附废水中约50%的RhB,具有重复利用的价值。  相似文献   

6.
利用出芽短梗霉进行吸附水体中Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd(Ⅱ)共存离子实验, Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd(Ⅱ)毒性浓度均为300 mg/L时,菌种生长良好.吸附性能实验结果表明:出芽短梗霉吸附水中Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳条件是pH值为3.0、时间为2 h、温度为30℃,吸附量为8.575 mg/g;吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的最佳条件是pH为5.0、时间为30 min、温度为30℃,吸附量为15.49 mg/g.  相似文献   

7.
铬酸根离子在羟基铁离子-蒙脱石体系中的吸附行为研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
采矿、电镀、制革等行业废物排放及含Cr矿物风化可造成一些地区土壤和地下水的Cr污染 .Cr主要以三价和六价形式存在 ,其中Cr(Ⅵ )有强的迁移能力 ,对动植物均有很强的毒害性 .研究了在氧化、酸性条件下 ,土壤及土壤溶液中的蒙脱石和羟基铁离子共存时对铬酸根离子 (主要以HCrO2 - 4和CrO2 - 4等Cr(Ⅵ )形式存在 )的吸附行为 .进行了蒙脱石、羟基铁离子、Cr(Ⅵ )离子添加顺序不同的 3个系列的实验 ,重点研究了Cr的初始质量浓度、溶液 pH值、环境温度、吸附时间、溶液离子强度对 3个系列Cr吸附行为的影响 ,并与羟基铁离子体系进行了对比 .结果表明 ,蒙脱石 -羟基铁离子体系的Cr吸附能力明显强于蒙脱石而低于羟基铁离子 ,其Cr吸附率随Cr初始质量浓度、温度的升高和吸附时间的延长而降低 ,随离子强度的升高而升高 ,而pH值对不同系列的Cr吸附率有不尽相同的影响 .  相似文献   

8.
膨润土提纯后的尾矿主要含石英、斜绿泥石和白云母等矿物,以尾矿为主原料制备了复合陶瓷颗粒,采用XRD,IR和SEM探讨了烧结工艺对结构变化的影响,研究了复合陶瓷颗粒的组分变化、烧结温度、pH、初始浓度、吸附时间和温度对Cr(Ⅵ)离子吸附效果的影响,探讨了动力学和热力学变化。结果表明,烧结温度对吸附影响不大,烧结适宜温度为1000℃,陶瓷颗粒的主晶相为石英和硅灰石,表面为不均匀多孔结构。吸附的最佳吸附条件是pH值1、陶瓷颗粒用量1 g、吸附时间12 h及铬离子初始浓度100 mg/L,吸附率达96.33%。吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程,属于单分子层化学吸附;热力学数据说明,吸附反应为自发吸热反应。  相似文献   

9.
以焦锑酸钾(KSb(OH)_6)为Sb(V)锑源,采用XRD,XRF,FTIR对蛇纹石进行表征。探讨了不同吸附时间、Sb(V)初始浓度、初始pH、温度条件下蛇纹石吸附除Sb(V)的效果。结果表明:在动力吸附模型中,Elovich模型和假二级动力学模型对蛇纹石处理Sb(V)的拟合效果均较好,吸附过程为由化学吸附控制的非均相扩散,由假二级动力学模型可知理论最大吸附量为2.82×10~(-3);在等温吸附模型中,Langmuir模型拟合效果稍优于Freundlich模型,理论最大吸附量可达8.90×10~(-3);在广泛pH范围内,吸附量随着初始pH的降低而增加,初始pH值在1.9～3.6范围内时,吸附量迅速从6.66×10~(-3)减少至2.97×10~(-3),初始pH值大于3.6,吸附量随pH值增加而减少的幅度变小;蛇纹石对Sb(V)的吸附去除量随温度的升高而增大,最大为5.25×10~(-3)。蛇纹石Sb(V)的吸附为化学吸附;高零电点使蛇纹石在广泛pH值范围内可被质子化,Sb(OH_6)~-与质子化的镁氧(氢氧)八面体端面形成配合物。  相似文献   

10.
利用天然磁铁矿辅助合成磁黄铁矿去除水体中的Cr(Ⅵ).实验结果表明,磁铁矿对合成的磁黄铁矿去除水体中Cr(Ⅵ)过程存在协同增强作用.同时利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS)对反应前后样品进行分析,发现水体中的Cr(Ⅵ)被有效的还原为Cr(Ⅲ),并以Cr(OH)3及Cr2O3的形式沉淀.设计正交试验探究了磁铁矿粒度、投加量以及废水pH值对除铬过程中2种矿物间协同作用的影响,发现3种因素的影响作用大小顺序为pH值＞磁铁矿粒度＞磁铁矿用量.磁铁矿协同磁黄铁矿去除Cr(Ⅵ)的最优条件为pH值= 3,磁铁矿粒度75～150 μm,用量占比40％.讨论得出2种矿物间的协同作用应包括1)磁铁矿对磁黄铁矿在水溶液中团聚现象的抑制作用;2)酸性条件下磁铁矿表面Fe(Ⅲ)对溶液中磁黄铁矿释放H2S的固定作用.  相似文献   

11.
This study reports the potential ability of non-living biomass of Cabomba caroliniana for biosorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Effects of contact time, biosorbent dosage, pH of the medium, initial concentration of metal ion and protonation of the biosorbent on heavy metal–biosorbent interactions were studied through batch sorption experiments. Cr(III) was sorbed more rapidly than Cr(VI) and the pH of the medium significantly affected the extent of biosorption of the two metal species differently. Surface titrations showed that the surface of the biosorbent is positively charged at low pH while it is negatively charged at pH higher than 4.0. Protonation of the biosorbent increased its capacity for removal of Cr(III), while decreasing that of Cr(VI). FT-IR spectra of the biosorbent confirmed the involvement of –OH groups on the biosorbent surface in the chromium removal process. Kinetic and equilibrium data showed that the sorption process of each chromium species followed pseudo second-order kinetic model and both Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal models. A possible mechanism for the biosorption of chromium species by non-living C. caroliniana is suggested.  相似文献   

12.
Tropical peat soils present higher ash content than those generated at temperate climate areas. Therefore, this study evaluated the characteristics of a Brazilian organic soil (OS), commercialized as peat, as well as its capacity in removing Cr(VI) from contaminated waters. The OS is composed of 35.5 wt% of organic matter and 56 wt% of inorganic fraction (ash), which is formed by minerals and phytoliths rich in silica (29.2 wt%) and alumina (23.6 wt%). The Cr(VI) removal tests were carried out in batch and column systems using OS and solutions of Cr(VI) prepared with distilled water and groundwater. Batch tests revealed that the organic substances in the OS caused the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), with an efficiency depending on solution pH. At pH 5.0 the Cr(VI) removal was 0.45 mg g?1 in 24 h; whereas at pH 2.0, this removal increased to 1.10 mg g?1. Since this redox reaction is very slow, the removal of Cr(VI) at pH 5.0 increased to around 2 mg g?1 after 5 days. The removal of Cr(VI) was more effective in the column tests than in the batch test due to the greater solid/solution ratio, and their half-lives were 4.4 and 26.2 h, respectively. Chemical analysis indicated that Cr(VI) was reduced by the humic substances of OS, followed by the precipitation and/or adsorption of Cr(III) into the organic and inorganic components, as anatase. The presence of Cr(III) increased the stability of anatase structure, avoiding its transformation into rutile, even after being heated at 800 °C/2 h.  相似文献   

13.
为探讨花岗岩母质红壤吸附水中砷(Ⅴ)的效果和机理, 采用静态吸附实验, 研究溶液砷初始浓度、反应时间、温度、pH值等因素对红壤吸附水中砷的影响.当溶液砷初始浓度小于5.0 mg/L时, 红壤对砷的去除率均大于97%;随着砷初始浓度增大, 去除率逐渐降低; 反应初期(0~120 min), 红壤对砷的去除率迅速增大至95.0%左右.此后, 去除率缓慢增大, 直到720 min后, 去除率达到97.0%左右, 并趋于稳定; 在砷初始浓度一定时, 红壤对砷的吸附量随着温度的升高逐渐增加, 但增加幅度较小; 红壤对砷的去除率随着体系pH值的增大呈减小趋势; 正交试验表明, 在砷初始浓度为5.0 mg·L-1、反应时间为120 min、pH为5.0及反应温度为40℃的组合下, 红壤对砷的去除率最大.   相似文献   

14.
The charged sites on soil particles are important for the retention/adsorption of metals. Metallic counterions can neutralize the intrinsic charges on the surfaces of soil particles by forming complexes. In this study, efforts have been made to determine the effect of surface potential, pH, and ionic strength on the adsorption of four metal ions, hexavalent chromium Cr(VI), trivalent chromium Cr(III), nickel Ni(II) and cadmium Cd(II), in glacial till soil. Batch tests were performed to determine the effect of pH (2–12) and ionic strength (0.001–0.1 M KCl) on zeta potential of the glacial till soil. The point of zero charge (pH PZC ) of glacial till was found to be 7.0±2.5. Surface charge experiments revealed the high buffering capacity of the glacial till. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted at natural pH (8.2) using various concentrations of selected metals. The adsorption data was described by the Freundlich adsorption model. Overall glacial till shows lower adsorption affinity to Cr(VI) as compared to cationic metals, Cr(III), Ni(II) and Cd(II).  相似文献   

15.
The possibility of using volcanic ash soils (VAS) or Andisols as a low-cost and natural adsorbent is investigated in this study for the removal of Cr (VI) from synthetic wastewater. Andisols can be used as adsorbent because they are characterized by the presence of non-crystalline secondary minerals such as allophane and imogolite that show variable charge characteristics and have the ability to retain cations and anions. The adsorption of Cr on to two VAS from Mt. Isarog and Mandalagan (B-Horizon), Philippines, was carried out at ambient temperature using batch adsorption studies. The effects of different parameters such as amount of adsorbent, contact time, initial Cr concentration and pH of the solution were investigated. The results showed that the VAS from Isarog is more effective in the removal of Cr than in Mandalagan. The maximum removal efficiency of the Isarog soil for a Cr concentration of 10mg/L reached 89% with a dose of 20 g/L at a moderately acidic pH of 3. The Mandalagan soil on the other hand could remove only 65% at the same pH conditions and parameters. The difference in the removal of the two soils may be attributed to their physico-chemical properties in which the Isarog soil has higher clay content, porosity and lower bulk density. Isarog soil has fine particles with higher surface area and more active non-crystalline minerals and thus has higher removal efficiency than Mandalagan soil. Based on the results, the use of VAS from Isarog appears to be economical and an alternative to commercially available adsorbents for the removal of Cr from contaminated wastewater.  相似文献   

16.
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17.
通过静态吸附实验,研究了兰州地区黄土对含油废水中石油类污染物的吸附作用,并对温度、pH、土壤粒径、有机质含量和含盐量等影响吸附作用的因素进行了分析。实验结果表明:该类型黄土对可溶性石油饱和溶液的吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模式,其吸附能力随温度、pH的升高而降低;吸附量随土壤粒径的减小呈增大趋势;吸附量与土壤有机质含量、含盐量呈线性关系,随着有机质含量、含盐量的增高吸附量增大。  相似文献   

18.
The batch removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using lignocellulosic solid wastes such as sawdust and pine leaves under different experimental conditions was investigated in this study. The influence of pH, temperature, contact time, initial concentration of Cr(VI) and particle size on the chromium removal was investigated. Adsorption of Cr(VI) is highly pH-dependent and the results indicate that the optimum pH for the removal is 2. The capacity of chromium adsorption at equilibrium by these natural wastes increased with absorbent concentration. Temperature in the range of 20–60 °C showed a restricted effect on the adsorption capacity of pine leaves, but had a considerable effect on the adsorption capacity of sawdust. The capacity of chromium adsorption at the equilibrium increased with the decrease in particle sizes. The suitability of adsorbents was tested with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and their constants were evaluated. Results indicated that the Freundlich model gave a better fit to the experimental data in comparison with the Langmuir equation. The study showed that lignocellulosic solid wastes such as sawdust and pine leaves can be used as effective adsorbents for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater.  相似文献   

19.
The adsorption of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) with similar chemical properties is examined onto three soil samples: one is alkaline and the others are acidic. The distribution coefficient (K d) and the Freundlich constant (K F) for Zn are slightly higher than those for Cd, implying that the adsorption affinity of Zn is a little greater and less mobile. However, Cd and Zn usually show comparable results in the kinetic, isotherm, and envelope experiments. The adsorption of the heavy metals is relatively rapid and the reaction is almost completed within 15 min. The kinetics for both Cd and Zn are very well explained by the parabolic diffusion model. The maximum adsorption of the heavy metals is obtained at high pH, high temperature, and low ionic strength. The adsorption capacity on the alkaline soil is more significantly affected by the temperature as compared to the acidic soil. It is found that the adsorption affinity of the two heavy metals is mainly affected by the soil properties, such as pH, pHPZC, organic matter, and total carbon. It is also confirmed that the chemical properties of the heavy metals are important factors in their adsorption onto soil. The adsorption isotherms of Cd and Zn are well described in both Freundlich and Langmuir models at the usual pH (soil pH). Under acidic and alkaline pHs, however, only the Freundlich model describes the adsorption of both heavy metals satisfactorily.  相似文献   

20.
Kinetics and equilibrium study of chromium adsorption on zeoliteNaX   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
This study aims to report Batch adsorption study of hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI) on zeoliteNaX. Kinetics of Cr (VI) adsorption and adsorption isotherms were determined by varying operating parameters such as pH, initial concentration, temperature and contact time. ZeoliteNaX was found to remove Cr (VI) in acidic solutions down to ppm level at pH of about 4. Removal rate of Cr (VI) was found to decrease as pH rises above 4.0. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson models were applied to adsorption equilibrium data to find the best amongst these models. Langmuir model with R2 = 0.9711 best fits the adsorption data. The kinetics of adsorption was found to follow the first order reversible reaction. The separation parameter, RL values of less than 1.0 i.e., 0.7369, 0.5834 and 0.4828 corresponding to initial concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg/L, respectively indicated that adsorption of Cr (VI) on zeoliteNaX is favoured. The estimated values of thermodynamic parameters such as heat of adsorption and standard gibbs free energy confirmed the exothermic nature of adsorption of Cr (VI) on zeoliteNaX.  相似文献   

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