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硅质岩广泛分布于前寒武纪到新生代的造山带和沉积盆地中,对其成因和沉积环境进行研究对于了解区域的古地理、古构造、古海洋和古气候演化等信息具有重要作用。通过归纳总结已有的判别硅质岩成因和沉积环境的地球化学指标,认为硅质岩成因的判别应重点关注自生硅质矿物,并以外来混入物质作为参考,其有效的判别指标包括Al、Ti、Fe、Th、Ge/Si值、Si同位素和稀土元素等;硅质岩沉积环境的判别关键在于区分陆源物质和海底热液物质对硅质沉积的相对贡献比例,以往的沉积环境判别图解虽然有一定的实用性,但误差较大,需要谨慎使用。对于造山带中出露的硅质岩,考虑到其与洋板块地层关系密切,尝试建立了二者之间的关联模型。依据此关联模型,造山带中的硅质岩可分为洋脊—海岭亚型、远洋深海平原亚型Ⅰ、远洋深海平原亚型Ⅱ、洋岛—海山亚型、洋内弧亚型以及弧前海沟亚型。硅质岩—洋板块地层关联模型不仅为利用硅质岩恢复造山带增生杂岩原始序列提供了依据,同时将硅质岩作为区分大洋主洋盆和弧后、弧间洋盆的重要证据。以大洋钻探在太平洋获得的部分始新世硅质沉积为例,认为大洋主洋盆以发育几乎不受陆源和热液物质影响的深海平原硅质岩为特征,这类硅质岩具有... 相似文献
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秦岭造山带西段八方山-二里河Pb-Zn矿区硅质岩的微组构分析及其意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
硅质岩是造山带内广泛发育的一类岩石, 该岩石的组成以SiO2为主, 具有较高的稳定性.对于经历过造山作用、成矿作用和重结晶作用等影响的硅质岩, 其宏观组构和微观组构特征可以很好地反映它所遭受到的改造.秦岭造山带西段八方山-二里河Pb-Zn矿的宏观及微观组构特征分析表明: 该区硅质岩具有明显的热水沉积特征.由于受到压扭性和张性两种性质的应力作用, 矿区在宏观上形成了东西向压扭性断裂和北北东、北北西两组张性断裂, 微观上形成了微裂隙、微褶皱和压扁拉长的石英颗粒.矿区岩石发生了明显的变质作用, 除应力作用造成的动力变质作用外, 还发生了其他类型的变质作用和重结晶作用.硅质岩中微量碳酸岩矿物的存在以及应力作用对矿床的形成具有非常重要的意义, 特别是其可以为金属硫化物热液提供运移的通道和沉淀成矿的空间. 相似文献
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北祁连山早古生代硅质岩稀土元素特征及环境指相意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文通过对北祁连山不同地质环境与火山岩相伴生硅质岩稀土元素特征的分析，证明产于不同地质环境硅质岩的稀土元素，特别是∑REE、Ce／Ce*、LaN／YbN具有特定的规律性变化。该研究为利用硅质岩稀土元素判定古老造山带构造环境提供了参考标准。 相似文献
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滇西北金沙江带硅质岩沉积环境的确定及大地构造意义 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
硅质岩是金沙造山带中广泛分布的一种岩石类型，其沉积环境的确定对金沙江造山带的深海沉积、大陆边缘地质以及构造格局等方面的研究具有重要意义。本文从岩性特征、放射虫生态组合特征、稀土元素地球化学特征以及沉积组合特征等方面对滇西北金沙江带硅质沉积环境进行了综合研究，据此认为金沙江缝合带不能构成古特提斯域的主缝合带。 相似文献
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藏南地区中生代硅质岩广泛发育,呈东西向带状展布,自北向南可分为雅鲁藏布江缝合带北侧早白垩世硅质岩带、雅鲁藏布江缝合带南侧三叠纪至白垩纪硅质岩带和特提斯喜马拉雅沉积区白垩纪硅质岩带.按照野外的沉积建造特征,分为蛇绿岩_硅质岩建造、火山岩-硅质岩建造、改造型硅质岩建造(构造断块型和构造混杂型)和浊积岩-硅质岩建造等多种类型.按照岩石学特征分为块状硅质岩、层状硅质岩、角砾状硅质岩和结核状硅质岩等四大类. 相似文献
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在全球板块构造格局中,中国大陆位于欧亚板块的东南部,东邻俯冲的太平洋板块及其俯冲带,南接印度板块及与欧亚板块的碰撞造山带,处于欧亚板块、印度板块和太平洋板块三大板块交汇的特殊区域,构成了中国独特的地球动力学背景,制约着中国大陆中新生代以来的板块运动和板内构造作用.中国大陆中东部地区可划分为三大基本构造单元:华北陆块、扬子陆块及其之间的秦岭一大别造山带.地史上,受加里东-海西期俯冲-碰撞作用,致使扬子大陆被动陆缘在地幔热流上涌时引发南秦岭陆缘裂谷作用,继而在古特提斯扩张叠加下勉略洋扩张打开,并直接造成南秦岭陆内地壳伸展及断陷盆地形成.除在古生代沉积建造中酿造多种类型的含矿岩系外,重要的是在断陷盆地中形成一大批超大、大、中小型热水沉积型层控铅锌矿床.硅质岩是造山带中分布较为广泛的岩石类型之一,在秦岭地区也同样广泛发育,并且与矿床有着非常密切的关系. 相似文献
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放射虫硅质岩在中国南方及邻区广泛分布,有重要的古地理意义。按其时空分布,可分为南区及北区和东带。南区包括滇西、滇东南、桂西和桂南,主要为晚古生代至中生代早期放射虫硅质岩。滇西硅质岩带南延至泰国和马来西亚,代表古特提斯主支。滇东南、桂西和桂南的硅质岩则指示古特提斯多岛洋的分支海盆。北区包括两广中北部、湘赣中南部和长江中下游一带,主要为二叠纪中晚期放射虫硅质岩,标志当时扬子台缘与古特提斯洋连通的深水盆地。东带沿南海和东海外侧的岛弧分布,从菲律宾北巴拉望经琉球到西南日本内带,主要为中二叠世至晚侏罗世放射虫硅质岩,与古地磁证据一起指示了该期间华南南方一个低纬度的远洋盆地,可称为“古南中国海”。它的张开可能是中晚二叠世云开地体和中国东南部其他地方造山事件的原因,它的随后发展对华南东部三叠纪和侏罗纪古地理演化也有重大影响。晚侏罗世太平洋伊泽奈崎板块的迅速北移,使“古南中国海"俯冲消减,导致东南沿海大规模的钙碱性岩浆活动。 相似文献
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北祁连肃南一带奥陶纪硅质岩沉积地球化学特征及其多岛洋构造意义 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
北祁连造山带位于华北板块西南缘, 是柴达木微板块与华北板块碰撞形成的加里东造山带.北祁连肃南百泉门—边马沟位于北祁连西段, 跨奥陶纪弧后盆地、岛弧、海沟俯冲杂岩等构造带和百泉门—九个泉、大岔大坂、边马沟3个蛇绿岩带.北祁连肃南一带奥陶系主要分布阴沟组地层, 主要为中基性火山岩、火山碎屑岩夹硅质岩、大理岩、变质泥岩(板岩或片岩) 及砂岩.硅质岩的沉积地球化学研究表明, 边马沟与大洋俯冲蛇绿杂岩共生的硅质岩、大岔大坂与岛弧蛇绿岩共生的硅质岩及九个泉、百泉门与弧后蛇绿岩共生的硅质岩均形成于大陆边缘盆地的构造背景, 但硅质岩稀土元素特征反映其受陆源影响不明显, 为远离陆源的深水盆地沉积.推测北祁连奥陶纪处于多岛洋的构造背景, 北祁连奥陶纪存在宽阔、多岛的古洋盆. 相似文献
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Upper Cambrian to Middle Ordovician radiolarian chert successions from Kazakhstan were studied to clarify the history of the emergence of benthic animals in ocean floor sediments. Radiolarian tests and clay were deposited for a period of 30 Myr without experiencing an influx of continent-derived coarse clastic materials. Red, grey and black cherts of the Upper Cambrian to the upper mid-Darriwilian are thinly laminated, and no trace of benthic animal activity is recognized in that time interval. Bioturbation structures and burrow traces in mid-Darriwilian stage red chert in Kazakhstan suggest that benthic animals colonized the location where radiolarian chert formed, but that there was a significant delay in colonization when compared with similar reported occurrences in Australia and Canada. 相似文献
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Since lenses of chert are common within the volcano-sedimentary succession hosting the massive sulphide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Spain and Portugal), we examined numerous chert occurrences, both petrographically and geochemically, to test their possible value for massive sulphide exploration. The chert is found at two main lithostratigraphic levels (upper and lower) that are also interpreted as massive-sulphide bearing. In both cases the chert is located at the top of acidic volcanic sequences or in the associated sediments; we have not been able to observe the relationships between massive sulphides and chert, but some of the large orebodies of the Province (Lousal, La Zarza, Tharsis, Planes-San Antonio body of Rio Tinto, Neves) are described as being locally capped by chert facies. Four main types are recognized among the chert and associated facies: (1) red hematitic chert?±?magnetite; (2) radiolarian and/or sedimentary-textured (conglomeratic) chert with hematite and/or Mn oxides; (3) pale sulphidic chert; (4) rhodonite and/or Mn carbonate?±?magnetite facies. In the Spanish part of the Province the radiolarian chert is confined to the upper level; the distribution of the other types appears to be haphazard. The hydrothermal origin of the South Iberian chert is shown by its high Fe-Mn and low Co-Ni-Cu contents. The presence of small positive Ce anomalies indicates a shallow marine environment (shelf or epicontinental sea), which is consistent with the volcanological and sedimentological data. The chert was emplaced below the sea floor through chemical precipitation and/or through alteration and replacement of the country rock, residual traces of which are ghost phenocrysts and high Al, Ti and rare earth contents. Macro- and microscopic relationships indicate that the oxide facies (hematite?±?magnetite) formed first, probably providing a protective insulating cover against the marine environment and enabling an evolution towards sulphide facies; a phase of Mn?carbonate and silicate + quartz?±?chlorite + sulphides appears to be even later. It was not possible, through discrimination, to isolate a chert that could be considered as representing a lateral marker of massive sulphides; moreover, both field observations and geochemical data seem to indicate a relative independence of this siliceous sulphide hydrothermal activity from the hydrothermal activity giving rise to the massive sulphides. Such is also indicated by the lead isotopic signature of the chert, which is appreciably more radiogenic than that of the massive sulphides; the lead enrichment in the sulphidic chert facies indicates the participation of a different source (sediments, sea water) from that of the massive sulphides. The hypothesis of an independent hydrothermal “chert” event can thus be envisaged, wherein the chert reflects submarine low-temperature hydrothermal activity that is most apparent during a “break” within the volcano-sedimentary succession and which may locally have competed with the high-temperature hydrothermal activity giving rise to the massive sulphides. The interest of the chert thus rests in its palaeodynamic significance, as a marker of periods of volcanic quiescence, and in its possible role as a protective insulating cap favourable to the deposition of massive sulphides. 相似文献
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广西中部泥盆系的多金属-重晶石矿床和热水沉积作用 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
广西中部的来宾-武宣-象州地区是泥盆系象州型的典型地区,又发育较多的铜、铅、锌多金属脉状矿床和层状-脉状重晶石矿床。过去工作主要是对单个矿区或矿带作评价,而对各矿种间的关系,对区域中成矿作用的联系讨论较少。本文研究了该区泥盆系中的多金属矿与重晶石砂的时空关系和地球化学特征,认为是由统一的上泥盆世热水对流体系形成的热水沉积矿床。不同的矿种,矿体的不同产状由对流体系的特点和地质环境的差异所决定。 相似文献
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西藏南部硅质岩的特征及相关问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西藏南部广泛发育中生代古海洋沉积硅质岩,在空间上集中分布于雅鲁藏布江缝合带和喜马拉雅沉积带,呈东西向条带状分布,断断续续延伸达数千公里。可大致厘定出3条硅质岩带:缝合带蛇绿岩北侧早白垩世硅质岩带、缝合带蛇绿岩南侧三叠纪至白垩纪硅质岩带和喜马拉雅沉积带白垩纪硅质岩带,产出块状、层状、角砾状和结核状4种类型的硅质岩。在沉积建造特征上,缝合带蛇绿岩北侧硅质岩带以蛇绿岩-硅质岩建造为主;缝合带蛇绿岩南侧硅质岩带主要以火山岩-硅质岩建造和改造型硅质岩建造为主;喜马拉雅沉积带硅质岩则以浊积岩-硅质岩建造为特征。藏南硅质岩具有重要的研究意义,其薄弱环节和科学问题主要包括:硅质岩的成因问题、硅质岩的微组构问题、硅质岩中的古海洋沉积事件信息、硅质岩对沉积环境的指相意义等。 相似文献
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Various types of pelagic sediments occur on a dolomitic basement located at some 1000 m depth on the eastern slope of the Tyrrhenian Sea, i.e. in the most internal, collapsed and presently submerged portion of southern Apennines. The deposits include laminated limonites, muds with manganosiderite nodules, radiolarian clays, opal chert, gypsiferous muds, lutites with calcareous plankton, and all are of Quaternary age. They are interpreted as products of the interactions between submarine hydrothermal activity and deep-sea sediments, and represent the first documented case of submarine hydrothermal sediments not directly connected to active ridges or volcanic buildings and deposits. The iron-rich sediments are very similar to many other reported examples of submarine thermal activity. The radiolarian clay displays very abundant and almost exclusively radiolarian tests, and no calcareous fossils, but shows numerous dissolution traces of carbonate skeletons. It has been interpreted as deriving from a primary bloom of siliceous plankton followed by an extensive leaching of the calcareous tests on the seafloor. The radiolarian chert shows a very early and yet unknown Opal-A cement. The immediate source of the cement is biogenous silica, whereas the ultimate source is the bloom of siliceous plankton triggered by the hydrothermal and volcanic activity. The gypsum muds are the result of a hydrothermal chemical remobilization of the Messinian sulphate beds which overlie the dolomitic basement. 相似文献
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新疆天山中段独库公路地质构造 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：8
路线横穿天山中段，沿途可先后观察到各时期的侵入岩、火山岩、沉积岩及其变质岩，天山几条大型构造线，北天山由橄榄岩、辉长辉绿岩、枕状玄武岩、放射虫硅质岩组成的蛇绿岩套，哈希勒根断裂附近的超镁铁岩带，伊宁盆地东缘石炭纪火山岩及侏罗系含煤岩系，拉尔敦达坂中元古界眼球状混合片麻岩、阳起石片岩及糜棱岩，哈尔克山志留、泥盆、石炭纪联酸盐岩和碎屑岩及丰富的珊瑚、腕足类、层孔虫、类化石，志留─泥盆系整合接触关系及早泥盆世枕状玄武岩、放射虫硅质岩及铁锰矿层，库车盆地中新生界形成的风蚀地貌及新构造运动痕迹，沿途可观光戈壁绿洲，高山隧道，现代冰川，优美的森林、草原、高山湖泊及天鹅自然保护区风光。 相似文献
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新疆北部石炭纪-二叠纪独特的构造-成矿作用：对古亚洲洋构造域南部大地构造演化的制约 总被引：60，自引：53，他引：60
新疆北部晚古生代独特的构造-成矿作用以发育大量石炭纪-二叠纪构造-成矿事件为特征，其中包括：（1）发育于晚石炭世-二叠世的阿尔泰岛弧及其变质事件、阿尔泰麻粒岩与基性杂岩、西南天山放射虫硅质岩和高压-超高压-低压麻粒岩相变质事件；（2）北疆发育的石炭纪（-二叠世）埃达克岩-高镁安山岩-富Nd玄武质岩组合、阿拉斯加型基性-超基性杂岩和大量的与俯冲相关的钙碱性岩浆活动与斑岩型铜矿床成矿作用；（3）天山晚石炭世晚期蛇绿岩与岛弧火山岩等。结合北疆地区相关的前陆盆地发育不明显、碰撞型花岗岩欠发育与大量发育平行造山带大型走滑构造等现象，可以认为新疆北部在石炭纪-二叠纪挤压-伸展-走滑并存，岩浆活动与成矿作用活跃。这些新进展表明新疆北部在晚石炭世-二叠纪可能仍存在活动陆缘，因此，古亚洲洋构造域南部复杂增生造山作用最后延至晚石炭世晚期-二叠纪。 相似文献
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In the southern part of the French Armorican massif, the Ligerian domain is located along the boundary between Gondwana and Armorica. Lithological, geochemical and structural data on the Saint-Georges-sur-Loire Unit, which is the northern part of the Ligerian domain, allow us to distinguish two sub-units. A southern sub-unit, formed by various blocks (chert, limestone, sandstone, rhyolite, mafic rocks) of Silurian to Middle Devonian age included as olistoliths in a Middle-Late Devonian terrigeneous matrix, overthrusts a sandstone-pelite northern sub-unit. Both units experienced two deformation events. The first one is a top-to-the-NW thrusting and the second one is a left-lateral wrenching. The Saint-Georges-sur-Loire Unit is an accretionary prism formed during the Late Devonian closure of the Layon rift, coeval with the main phase of the Variscan orogeny. The Layon rift, which according to the mafic olistoliths was partly floored by oceanic crust, appears as a buffer structural zone that accounts for the lack in Central Brittany of any tectonic or sedimentary echo of the closure of the Medio-European Ocean. The tectonic evolution of the Saint-Georges-sur-Loire Unit supports a polyorogenic model for this part of the Variscan Belt. 相似文献