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1.
金仓砂金矿是吉林省延边地区著名的第四纪砂金矿床。其砂金含矿层中砾岩多呈棱角状,砂金粒度及形态沿河流流向分异现象不明显,砂金的连生矿物、伴生重砂矿物、成色、微量元素、稀土元素、铅及硫同位素、气液包裹体成分特征均可和矿区内原生金矿化对比。据此,初步从为金仓河砂金主要来源于金仓河谷中、上游底部基岩含金蚀变破碎带中的原生金。 相似文献
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该文对老柞山金矿区岩、砂金转化过程中重砂矿物特征,水化学特征、生物(植物)化学特征进行了综合研究,指出这些转化特征均可作为在砂金区寻找原生金矿的标志。 相似文献
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大兴安岭漠河砂金富集区岩金找矿思路 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
大兴安岭漠河地区砂金极为丰富,充分研究区内的地质构造特征、砂金分布和富集规律、区域剥蚀深度等,利用砂金信息寻找岩金是区内岩金找矿工作的有效手段之一.利用砂金矿只能寻找剥蚀残留的那一部分岩金矿.对物源区剥蚀程度和探矿构造分析研究,是在砂金富集区内圈定岩金找矿靶区的关键.溶蚀系数可指示砂金是近或远原生源金矿.Pb同位素可指示成矿母岩,利用矿石、岩浆岩、地层和基底铅同位素全方位对比来判别铅同位素的来源是一种近年来国际上认同的办法,砂矿评价中利用铅同位素寻找母岩已获得成功.本区砂金Pb同位素特征值与源区极为相似,可做为砂金富集区寻找岩金的指示元素.本文旨在论述砂金富集区内砂金与岩金空间位置关系、成因上的联系及岩金成矿特点,为下一步岩金找矿工作提供思路和方法. 相似文献
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苏联砂金矿床的主要地质-工业类型可分为:化学风化壳砂矿、弱分异堆积层的洪-冲积砂矿和洪-坡积砂矿、冲积砂矿、大陆古海岸线的滨海砂矿、工艺成因砂矿,其中冲积砂矿的工业价值最大。关于砂金矿的原生补给源,主要的有金-石英建造、金-硫化物-石英建造、金-硫化物建造,金-冰长石-石英建造。与它们有关的砂矿规模各不相同,其中金-石英建造的意义最大,砂金矿发育区的分类在砂矿的预测找矿中占有主导地位,在苏联可分为:老地盾和原地台砂金矿区、前中生代褶皱带砂金矿区、中生代褶皱区的砂金矿区、构造岩浆活化区的砂金矿区,对于砂金矿的地貌构造位置,可分为隆起区、稳定地貌区和坳陷区,坳陷区中的成矿后坳陷对成矿意义最大。 相似文献
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本文通过对江西省南城县岳口砂金矿中的砂金进行电子探针,分析了自然金的形态、粒度及矿物组合,阐明了砂金矿的成因,并探讨了砂金与原生金矿关系,提出了原生金矿的类型,指出了震旦系变质岩区为金成矿远景区。 相似文献
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塞拉利昂中部马卡利地区出露有大片的太古界花岗-绿岩带地质体,其金矿资源丰富。通过矿产勘查和成矿规律研究表明,金的来源与太古界花岗-绿岩带地体密切相关。岩金矿床类型为含铁建造金矿床,主要赋存于绿岩带的绿片岩中及含铁建造的片岩中,受褶皱和断裂构造控制;砂金矿的类型为河流冲积型砂金矿,主要分布在花岗-绿岩带内及其周边河流中的全新统冲积层中下部砂砾石层中。重砂异常和地球化学异常区内具备良好的岩金、砂金成矿地质背景和找矿前景,实施砂金-岩金综合找矿方法,找矿潜力巨大。 相似文献
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莫桑比克是我国锆钛砂矿进口量最大的国家,楠普拉省锆钛砂矿项目是我国在莫桑比克、乃至非洲运营最成功的锆钛砂矿矿山项目之一,为境外锆钛砂矿项目提供可复制、可推广的经验。本文以莫桑比克楠普拉锆钛砂矿矿山多年的地质勘探和矿山工程等方面实践数据为基础,运用类比和统计学原理对矿山项目的地质特征、矿体特征、矿砂质量特征和矿物含量特征等进行研究。研究表明：(1)锆钛砂矿等重矿物主要赋存在第四系海岸砂丘(沙丘和滩涂)中,原矿砂中TiO2和ZrO2含量为0.77%和0.11%、中细粒占91.45%,锆钛砂矿矿物中粉细粒占82.84%～87.51%;(2)原矿砂中钛铁矿和金红石形态的钛元素分布率为88.14%和7.55%,锆英石形态的锆元素分布率为94.73%,原矿砂选矿试验可获得54.35%TiO2的钛铁矿精矿和65.92%ZrO2的锆英石精矿;(3)原矿砂中锆英石与钛铁矿的品位相关系数不低于0.92,锆钛砂矿品位与深度的相关系数不低于0.80,且随着深度增加先增大后减小,锆钛砂矿品位与矿体的厚度和宽度呈反比,相关系数... 相似文献
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黑龙江省老柞山金矿综合找矿标志探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对黑龙江省老柞山金矿区进行了水化学、生物（植物）化学及重砂矿物特征研究。结果表明：矿区河水含金钽高于一般河水中的含金钽数千倍，Cl^-浓度低于一般河水。通过系统测量植物体内的含金性及查明其它一些有关地球化学特征，可发现金矿化异常。重砂矿物对比确定砂金补给源于片麻状混合岩、闪长玢岩。 相似文献
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Structural measurements and geochemical analyses, including bulk and in situ pyrite geochemistry, sulfur isotopes, and whole-rock geochemistry, are presented for the No. 3 orebody of the Jiaojia gold deposit (JJ3), located in the Jiaodong district of northeast China. The JJ3 orebody is distinct from the main orebody of the Jiaojia deposit (JJ1) because it is characterised by steeply dipping sub-metric quartz-pyrite veins with up to 300 ppm of gold, whereas the JJ1 orebody represents an archetypal example of the disseminated and veinlet style mineralisation characteristic of regional faults in the Jiaodong district. Measurements on JJ3 veins and the host Jiaojia-Xincheng regional fault are consistent with development of mineralised, steeply dipping extension fractures during normal faulting, which produced the fault-hosted disseminated-style JJ1 orebody. Trace element geochemistry of pyrite in these veins shows that JJ3 pyrite is geochemically distinct from those of the main Jiaojia and Xincheng orebodies, being relatively enriched in Ag and Pb, as well as Ba, Bi, Te and Au, and relatively depleted in Cu and As. Enrichment in Ag and Pb is possibly related to infiltration of a saline hydrothermal fluid, as both are effectively transported as chloride complexes; however, depletion of Cu, which is also mobile as chloride complexes, requires a low temperature saline fluid where Cu is no longer soluble. The textural setting of the ore minerals suggests that these cooler fluids likely infiltrated during the waning stages of the hydrothermal system. The relative abundance of barite in the JJ3 orebody, which formed from late-stage oxidised magmatic–hydrothermal fluids, also supports the interpretation that the JJ3 orebody represents a late mineralisation event. The pervasive alteration surrounding the JJ3 orebody is K-feldspathic with a minor sericitic overprint, indicating an earlier higher temperature pervasive fluid flow event that was followed by low-temperature mineralising fluids. This interpretation implies that fracture dilation post-dated the earliest alteration, and that mineralisation and pervasive alteration in the JJ3 orebody are geochemically disconnected. Thus structural analysis is expected to be the most effective targeting method in future exploration for similar ore bodies. 相似文献
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万古金矿床位于江南造山带中部,赋存于新元古界冷家溪群浅变质岩系中,受NNE-NE向长沙-平江断裂带和近EW向九岭-清水韧性剪切带联合控制,金资源量约85t。其主要矿石类型为毒砂-黄铁绢英岩型和石英-硫化物脉型,其次为构造角砾岩型。毒砂和黄铁矿为该矿床主要的载金矿物,分布广泛。金成矿作用可分为四个阶段,I为乳白色石英-绢云母-白钨矿阶段;Ⅱ为烟灰色石英-绢云母-毒砂-黄铁矿-金阶段;Ⅲ为烟灰色石英-绢云母-黄铁矿-毒砂-多金属硫化物-金阶段;IV为乳白色石英-方解石阶段。其中,Ⅱ、Ⅲ为成矿主阶段。根据成矿主阶段毒砂电子探针分析结果,Ⅱ阶段毒砂中As的含量在42.19%~44.84%之间,均值为43.42%(n=56),Ⅲ阶段毒砂中As的含量在40.08%~43.36%之间,均值为42.08%(n=19)。通过毒砂温度计相图估算出Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段的形成温度和硫逸度分别为364±21℃、319±22℃和10^(-9.7)~10^(-7)、10^(-11.5)~10_(-8.6)。电子探针数据揭示的载金毒砂和黄铁矿中不可见金含量分别为0.01%~0.66%和0.01%~0.11%。黄铁矿Au-As元素投点分布于金溶解度曲线两侧,说明其内金主要以纳米级颗粒和固溶体金或晶格金的形式赋存;其中Ⅱ阶段黄铁矿纳米级金颗粒占比为73.33%,多于Ⅲ阶段黄铁矿(67.80%)。以上数据说明在水岩反应过程中,围岩中的含铁矿物与成矿流体中的H;S发生反应,生成毒砂和黄铁矿。伴随着强烈的水岩反应,成矿温度和硫逸度降低,成矿Ⅱ阶段至Ⅲ阶段主要载金硫化物由毒砂转变为黄铁矿,强烈的硫化作用导致金-硫络合物失稳并释放金,金以置换的方式进入硫化物晶格或以显微-超显微金颗粒的形式沉淀,形成含金硫化物;即硫化作用是导致万古矿床不可见金沉淀的主导机制。 相似文献
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Pyrite, chalcopyrite, and gold occur in quartz veins in granitic rocks and as scattered and disseminated impregnations in shear zones of the highly altered metavolcanics in the Hamash area, Southeastern Desert, Egypt. The minerals are associated in part with pyrrhotite, digenite, tetrahedrite, chalcocite, bornite, and covellite. Pyrite occurs in two forms: (1) idio- to hypidiomorphic coarse crystals with inclusions of preexisting sulfides, and (2) fine-crystalline aggregates. Chalcopyrite occurs in three forms: (1) idiomorphic coarse crystals, (2) fine-crystalline microinclusions, and (3) xenomorphic relicts. Three genetic phases of sulfide mineralization were identified. They are related to the successive cooling of the crystallizing solutions. Gold was hosted in the older sulfide minerals during a high-temperature disorder phase. Native gold was formed during the latest, decreasing-temperature phase through remobilization of auriferous pyrite. Microprobe analysis confirmed that gold and copper are relatively enriched in the late pyrite. Identified surface-alteration products include goethite, limonite, gold, carbonates, and sulfates of iron and copper. 相似文献
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The Maevatanana gold deposit in Madagascar is hosted by Archean metamorphic rocks in quartz–sulfide veins that are structurally controlled by NNW–SSE trending shear zones. Fluid inclusion data show that the trapping conditions in quartz range from 0.87 to 2.58 kbar at temperatures of 269–362 °C. Laser Raman spectroscopy confirms that these inclusions consist of CO2, SO2, and H2O. The δ34S values of the pyrites range from 1.7‰ to 3.6‰, with an average of 2.25‰, supporting a magmatic origin. Noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Ke, Xe) are chemically inert, thus will not be involved in chemical reactions during geological processes. Also due to the low concentration of He in the atmosphere and the low solubility of He in aqueous fluids, the atmosphere-derived He is unlikely to significantly affect He abundances and isotopic ratios of crustal fluids, ensures that He production should have the typical crust 3He/4He ratios. The 3He/4He ratios of fluid inclusions in pyrite from the deposit range from 0.06 to 0.12 Ra, while the 40Ar/36Ar ratios range from 6631 to 11441. We infer that the ore-forming fluids could have been exsolved from a granitic magma. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of the ore-forming fluids (1.5‰ ≤ δ18OH2O ≤ 7.8‰; –72‰ ≤ δD ≤ –117‰) indicate they were derived from a granitic magma. Four pyrite samples from the gold deposit yield a precise Re–Os isochron age of 534 ± 13 Ma. Given that the post-collisional granites in northern and central Madagascar were derived by melting of sub-continental lithospheric mantle and formed between 537 and 522 Ma, we can state that the gold metallogenesis was coeval with the crystallization age of these parental magmas. These data could be accounted for the formation of the Maevatanana gold deposit. First, the shear zones hosting the deposit formed around 2.5 Ga, when the Madagascan micro-continental blocks collided with other continental blocks, triggering large-scale tectono-magmatic activity and forming NNW–SSE trending shear zones. The gold mineralization at Maevatanana is coeval with the crystallization age of the Cambrian post-collisional A-type granitoid plutons in northern and central Madagascar, implying that this deposit is associated with extensional collapse of the East African Orogen. This extension in turn induced asthenospheric upwelling, melting of sub-continental lithospheric mantle. These magmas underplated the lower crust, generating voluminous granitic magmas by partial melting of the lower crust. The mixing magma during tectono-thermal reactivation of the East African Orogen produced large volumes of volatiles that extracted gold from the granitic magma and produced Au–S complexes (e.g., Au(HSO3)2−). The shear zones, which were then placed under extensional collapse of the East African Orogen in the Cambrian, formed favorable pathways for the magmatic ore-forming fluids. These fluids then precipitated gold-sulfides that form the Maevatanana gold deposit. 相似文献
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Calculations based on the available thermodynamic data of AuCl
2
−
and Au (HS)
2
−
indicate that AuCl
2
−
is responsible for the transport and enrichment of gold during the stage of pre-concentration in the source bed while Au
(HS)
2
−
is the main gold species involved in the formation of gold deposits in response to hydrothermal reworking. Acid chloride
solutions witha
Cl
− > 10° and sulfur-rich solutions with aΣs in excess of 10−2 are held as important criteria for gold enrichment in the source bed and for the formation of gold deposits by subsequent
hydrothermal event, respectively. 相似文献
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胶东中生代金成矿系统 总被引：74，自引：50，他引：24
胶东是我国最重要的金矿集区,其内已发现金矿床150余处,探明金资源储量4000余吨。虽然其金矿床数量众多、资源储量巨大、分布地域广泛、产出空间各异、矿化类型多样,但它们的成矿地球动力学背景、赋矿围岩环境与产出条件及其成矿作用特征总体一致:(1)胶东是一个主要由前寒武纪基底岩石和超高压变质岩块组成、中生代构造-岩浆作用发育的内生热液金矿集区,约130~110Ma的金成矿事件比区域变质作用晚约2000Myr;(2)区域金成矿系统形成于早白垩世的陆缘伸展构造背景,大规模金成矿事件发生在区域NW向伸展转换为NE向伸展后的NEE向挤压变形作用过程中,对应于中国东部岩石圈大规模减薄、华北克拉通破坏和大陆裂谷作用的高峰;(3)金矿床群聚于NNE向玲珑、鹊山和昆嵛山变质核杂岩周边,主要沿前寒武纪变质岩与中生代花岗岩体接触带形成的区域NE-NNE向拆离断层带分布;(4)控矿断裂带经历了早期的韧-脆性变形和晚期的脆性变形构造叠加,在三维空间上呈舒缓波状延展,控制了金矿体的侧伏和分段富集;(5)矿化样式以破碎带蚀变(砾)岩型、(硫化物-)石英脉型和复合脉带型为主,矿石普遍发育压碎、晶粒状和填隙结构,浸染状、细脉浸染状、网脉状、脉状、团块状和块状构造,反映其形成于韧-脆性→脆性变形环境;(6)矿石中金属矿物以黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿为主,非金属矿物以石英、绢云母、钾长石、斜长石和方解石为主;金矿物以银金矿和自然金为主、含少量金银矿,主要以可见金的形式赋存于黄铁矿和石英裂隙中、含少量晶隙金和包体金;热液蚀变主要为黄铁矿化、硅化、钾长石化、绢云母化和碳酸盐化;成矿元素为Au-Ag(-Cu-Pb-Zn);呈现出中-低温蚀变矿化组合特征;(7)成矿流体为壳-幔混合来源,以壳源变质流体为主;成矿物质总体来源于中生代活化再造的前寒武纪变质基底岩石,并混入了少量浅部地壳和地幔组分。这种区域成矿特征的一致性,表明胶东金矿集区早白垩世大规模金成矿作用受控于统一的地质事件,属于后生的中-低温热液脉金成矿系统。这些金矿床具有明显的时空群聚分布特征,主要沿三个变质核杂岩周边的岩相接触带产出,且自西向东,金成矿作用年龄由老变新。据此,可划分为胶北隆起蚀变岩-石英脉型、苏鲁超高压变质带硫化物-石英脉型和胶莱盆地北缘蚀变砾岩型三个金成矿子系统。其矿化样式由浸染-细脉、细脉-网脉型和石英脉型→硫化物-石英脉型→蚀变(角)砾岩型变化,矿石结构、构造以细脉浸染状构造为主→环带结构与梳状构造→角砾状构造为特色,反映其成矿作用分别发生于脆-韧性转换带(约15km)→脆性张剪性断裂带→脆性角砾岩带(约5km)环境;矿化、蚀变规模和强度逐渐减弱,成矿物质中浅部壳源组分逐渐增多,可能与其矿床定位空间越来越远离源区有关;成矿温度和压力依次降低、成矿流体中大气降水和/或盆地卤水贡献逐渐增大,与其成矿深度越来越浅、成矿构造环境越来越偏张性的变化趋势一致。这种成矿特征的区域规律性变化反映至少在拆离断层韧-脆性转换带附近→脆性角砾岩带之间的地壳剖面中、在不同的垂向深度上连续成矿。胶东中生代金成矿系统的上述特征明显区别于典型的"与侵入岩有关的金矿"和"造山型金矿",也不同于全球其它已知的金矿床类型,不能被已有成矿模式所涵盖。为合理解释胶东中生代金成矿系统独特的地质与成矿特征,我们提出新的"胶东型金矿"成矿模式,指出古太平洋Izanagi俯冲板片的回转作用可能是引起区域前寒武纪变质基底岩石中成矿物质大规模活化再造的主要驱动机制,成矿流体主体来源于俯冲板片变质脱水,金可能主要以Au(HS)2-络合物的形式在流体中沿拆离断层系输运,在韧-脆性转换带附近→脆性角砾岩带,由于构造空间急剧增大、成矿流体的温度和压力突然降低,CO2、H2S逸出和硫化作用导致Au(HS)2-等金络合物失稳分解,金大规模沉淀富集成矿。 相似文献
18.
胶东地区探明金储量超过5000t,是我国最重要的金矿集区。玲珑金矿区位于胶东西北部招-平断裂北段,具有典型含金石英脉矿床的特征。矿区部分矿段产出富碲铋化物的明金矿石,是研究富碲铋化物金矿床成因和金超级富集机制的理想对象。通过显微岩相学观察、扫描电镜及电子探针分析,首次对胶东玲珑金矿区富碲铋化物明金矿石的矿物组合和形成机制进行了较为详细的研究。玲珑金矿区含明金矿石中的金矿物主要为含银自然金,成色整体较高,平均为894。共发现了五种与自然金共生的碲化物,分别是辉碲铋矿、碲铋矿、碲银矿、碲铋银矿和碲镍矿,其中辉碲铋矿含量最多。通过矿物共生组合研究及物理化学条件分析,确定成矿流体的碲逸度范围为-12.6相似文献
19.
甘肃礼县-岷县成矿带西段寨上金矿床中自然金的发现及成因意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
位于西秦岭礼(县)-岷(县)成矿带西段的寨上金矿床是近年发现的一个大型微细浸染型金矿。在研究甘肃寨上金矿床物质组分的过程中,采用显微镜观察、电子探针扫描、化学分析等综合分析技术发现了显微自然金颗粒。矿石中的自然金颗粒形态多样,粒度变化较大(5～150μm)。电子探针分析结果显示,自然金中Au=88.23%～92.73%,Ag=7.41%～9.08%,为含银自然金,成色905～926。金的载体矿物有砷黄铁矿、方铅矿、碲汞矿、铁白云石等。金的嵌布类型有粒间金、裂隙金和连生金3种。赋矿围岩中含Fe碳酸盐矿物溶解释放出Fe和溶解Fe的大量硫化物化,可能是寨上金矿床中存在显微可见自然金的最重要因素。 相似文献
20.
The Physico—Chemical Conditions for Mobilization of Gold in Mobin Gold Deposit,Southwest Hunan,China
Experiments on water-rock interaction were carried out on wall-rock samples fromtheMobin gold deposit,Southwest Hunan,China ,with the aim of determining the optimum physical and chemical conditions for the mobilization of gold in solution.Results indicate that gold is most easily mobilized from the wall rock-tuffaceous slate of the Mobin Deposit.Mobi-lization is optimized if fluids are neutral to slightly alkaline and contain both chlorine and sul-phur ions at the concentration and composition of about[0.25M(NH4)2 1M NaCl].The amount of gold leached from the tuffaceous slate increases with temperature although the effect decreases above about 200℃. 相似文献