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1.
干旱区陆面过程和大气边界层研究进展   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
干旱区陆面过程和大气边界层不仅与气候、生态、水资源密切相关,而且影响我国气候格局和东亚大气环流,是一个十分重要的研究领域,近20多年已取得了比较系统的研究进展.从干旱区陆面热力和水分过程特征、干旱区大气边界层结构特征、干旱区陆面过程参数及其参数化公式、非均匀下垫面大气边界层理论、干旱城市大气边界层特征与污染机理等方面归纳总结了干旱区陆面过程和大气边界层领域取得的部分研究进展.并且,认为科学试验的代表性、复杂下垫面的影响、尺度转化、地表能量不平衡、极端天气过程的相互作用、水分过程的复杂性等问题是干旱区陆面过程和大气边界层研究领域的突出问题和未来研究重点.  相似文献   

2.
关于黄土高原陆面过程及其观测试验研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
张强  王胜 《地球科学进展》2008,23(2):167-173
总结了国际上陆面过程及其试验研究的现状,分析了黄土高原陆面过程的特殊性和重要意义,探讨了黄土高原陆面过程试验研究中需要关注的一些重要科学问题。并且,对如何开展黄土高原陆面过程试验研究提出了一些初步思路。  相似文献   

3.
黄土高原陆面过程试验研究(LOPEX)有关科学问题   总被引:28,自引:7,他引:21  
主要讨论了黄土高原陆面过程野外科学试验研究项目的有关科学技术问题。首先从科学和现实角度说明了开展黄土高原陆面过程试验研究(LOPEX)的意义,并从黄土高原陆面过程野外观测和特征分析、黄土高原陆面水分过程特征及其对生态生理过程的影响、黄土高原陆面过程参数化研究等3个方面介绍了该科学试验研究项目的主要研究内容和重点要解决的科学问题,而且还初步探讨了黄土高原陆面过程试验研究的技术难点以及解决这些技术难点的主要科学技术思路。  相似文献   

4.
陆面上总体输送系数研究进展   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
从陆面上总体输送系数的研究历程、计算方法和时空变化特征以及与地面各要素之间的依赖关系等几个方面,对该领域的研究工作进行了回顾和总结。在此基础上,探讨了该领域研究中存在的几点科学问题:①需要解决非均匀下垫面地表参数的计算和观测以及发展适用于非均匀下垫面的相似性理论等难题;②对我国湿润地区地表总体输送系数的研究需要加强;③能否对非均匀复杂下垫面陆气相互作用过程进行全面的认识,地表参数由“点”到“面”的推广是关键也是难题。最后对利用卫星遥感结合地面观测资料估算非均匀下垫面地表特征参数和能量通量的可行方法进行了讨论与展望。  相似文献   

5.
遥感技术在陆面过程研究中的应用进展   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10  
探讨了当前陆面过程 (LSP)研究的特点 ,指出遥感在陆面过程研究中的应用以及陆面过程国际合作实验是突出的特点 ,进而对遥感技术的陆面参数获取、地表能量通量的计算以及与 LSP模式的结合研究及进展进行了综述。根据不同特征的地表参数选择光学遥感或微波遥感已成共识 ,而综合利用不同遥感数据获取同一种地表参数也已成为研究热点 ,当前及今后发射的携载多种遥感仪器的众多遥感卫星为此项研究提供了条件 ;遥感与 LSP模式的结合研究是遥感在陆面过程研究中深入应用的一个方面 ,国际陆面过程合作实验是这项研究的重要保证。  相似文献   

6.
生物土壤结皮研究:进展、前沿与展望   总被引:43,自引:2,他引:41  
生物土壤结皮是由隐花植物和相关土壤微小生物与表层土壤颗粒胶结而形成的复合体,与维管束植物覆盖一样,它是干旱区地表的重要覆盖类型(其盖度达40%)。生物土壤结皮是荒漠生态系统组成和地表景观的重要特征,在不同生物气候区的荒漠景观过程、土壤生态过程、土壤水文过程、土壤生物过程和地球化学循环过程,以及干旱半干旱地区生态修复过程中发挥着重要作用。关于生物土壤结皮的研究是地学和生物学学科交叉的前沿研究领域,已成为国际干旱区地表过程研究的重要核心科学问题之一。综述了国内外该领域最新研究进展,分析了研究的趋势,讨论了其前沿科学问题和未来研究的重点,以期促进我国生物土壤结皮的研究,加深对我国干旱半干旱区地表过程的认识。  相似文献   

7.
城市陆面过程与边界层结构研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
通过城市边界层观测、卫星遥感以及城市边界层数值模拟等途径,获取对城市陆面过程特性的认识,研究建立精细城市边界层模式,引入合理城市区陆面过程参数化方案,并进行城市边界层结构影响研究。研究结果表明:①城市下垫面能量平衡过程迥异于自然地表,引入合理的参数化方案是改善数值模拟性能的关键。②高分辨卫星观测信息是认识城市地表参数状况及其变化的有效途径。 ③人为热排放参数化方案的合理引入是准确描述地表能量平衡过程的又一重要课题。需根据实际情况确定人为热排放的引入方案及量值变化。④应从合理描述城市建筑物下垫面对热力输送及大气动力场的影响出发,研究建立了多层城市冠层模式。⑤应建立更完善的多尺度城市边界层模式系统并引入更新的城市效应参数化方案和数据同化处理,以增强并完善城市边界层数值模拟能力。  相似文献   

8.
土壤冻融条件下的陆面过程研究综述   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
冻土是全球中高纬地区和高山地带普遍存在的自然现象,它对全球以及区域性气候、水循环、水平衡等都有着巨大的影响,土壤冻融条件下的陆面过程正是这种影响的重要环节,介绍了土壤冻融条件下陆面过程的研究现状,特别是在大气环流模型(GCM)中引入水文陆面模型以来陆面过程研究的迅猛发展,对现在国际上正在进行的考虑冻土的陆面过程研究项目,如陆面过程参数化比较计划的第二阶段第五期PILPS(2E)以及美国NASA的寒区陆面过程实地试验计划也进行了介绍,并在此基础上对土壤冻融条件下陆面过程的发展趋势进行了分析.  相似文献   

9.
高时间分辨率的近地表气温空间分布数据是许多陆面过程模型中非常重要的输入参数之一.在常规气象观测站点稀少或没有的情况下,利用遥感技术进行较高时空分辫率的近地表气温估算与反演,在理论方法与业务实践上都具有重要研究意义.根据地表能量平衡与辐射平衡原理,在气温遥感反演物理机制分析的基础上,总结了国内外近年来气温遥感反演的研究进...  相似文献   

10.
陆面水文过程研究综述   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
在简单介绍陆面过程模式发展的基础上,从裸土蒸发、植被蒸散、土壤水传输、排水和径流等五个方面详细综述了陆面模式研究中对水文过程的参数化。目前陆面参数化方案中仍存在很大的不确定性,其中陆面水文过程参数化的关键问题包括:土壤分层、土层厚度、根带分布;参数的代表性和移植;观测资料;径流的参数化。分析了径流在陆面模式中的重要性,及目前陆面模式中对径流参数化存在的不足,介绍了部分陆面模式对径流的模拟研究,讨论了未来工作的研究重点。  相似文献   

11.
陆地表层系统地理过程研究回顾与展望   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11  
近十几年来,地球表层过程研究在地球系统研究中的地位越来越重要,尤其强调将自然过程与人文过程有机地结合在一起,应对环境变化对科学提出的挑战。而自然过程与人文过程恰恰是地理过程的具体表现。从与陆地表层地理过程相关的国际重大科学计划的研究主题看,陆地表层地理过程的研究重点和核心已经从自然向自然与人文结合方向发展,从无机向无机与有机结合方向发展,从单要素、单个过程的研究向多要素、多过程耦合与综合研究方向发展,从宏观向宏观与微观结合方向发展。未来若干年,我国的陆地表层系统地理过程研究应紧密围绕格局与过程、过程与效应、综合与集成组织科学问题。提高我国地理过程的研究水平,推动我国地理学基础研究迈上新台阶。  相似文献   

12.
《China Geology》2018,1(2):286-303
Nanogeology is a subject that is a combination of geology and nanoscale science, and it has been a frontier field in recent years. It is also a new subject with the features of intersectionality and multidisciplinary. Digging deeper into geological problems and nanoscale phenomena helps better revealing the more essential mechanisms and processes in geological science, which is also an evitable path in the development of geology. In this paper, we elaborate the concept, feature and main subdisciplines, and summarize three stages of nanogeology development from preliminary research in the 1990s to subject formation in China. After summarizing the researchers’ achievements in this field, we illustrate some primary research progresses of nanogeology in China as eight subdisciplines. On the basis of the above content, we propose the development prospect of nanogeology in China. There are many geologic problems with scientific values and economic benefits, such as research of geologic fundamental problems, resource exploration and development, mechanism study and prediction of geological activities (disasters), mechanism research and management of environmental pollution and others. Nanogeology has a great potential in China to solve all of these problems. As a result, the theories and methods of nanogeology will become enriching and advanced. It offers important theoretical basis and technological methods to deal with major issues concerning the national economy and the people’s livelihoods, such as the prediction of geological activities, as well as resource distribution and its exploration and utilization.  相似文献   

13.
地表过程研究进展与趋势   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
地表过程复杂多样、涉及广泛。针对当前地表过程研究现状,从地球系统科学和全球变化的视角讨论了与地表过程相关的一些概念及研究内涵。在分析单要素地表过程和多要素地表过程的基础上,从研究内容的综合性、多国合作的国际性、针对区域突出问题的区域性、以过程变化为核心的动态性及研究方法的多样性等方面论述了地表过程研究的特点,总结性地给出了国内外研究的总体趋势。在上述分析基础上,进一步从国际科学发展趋势、国家需要和信息、技术等方面分析了中国地表过程研究所面临的机遇;从多学科交叉、自然与人文过程的定量与有机耦合等方面讨论了地表过程研究所面临的挑战。  相似文献   

14.
Gobi is one of the most important landscapes in northwest China, and it is also one of the dust sources in north China and even in central Asia. Based on the different land surface characteristics on the gobi surface, sand and dust emission process and mechanism are obviously different with other landscapes, such as sandy desert. Dust emission process and mechanism on the gobi surface were analyzed in this paper. Wind power system, geomorphology pattern and underlying characteristics were considered for their effect on the sand and dust emission process. Then, the mechanism of land surface characteristics on threshold wind velocity was analyzed. Finally, based on the previous studies on dust emission and mechanism, and in combination with the regional and global requirement, we suggested that the land surface characteristics parameterization, identification of the dust sources and sediment emission mechanism should be the main issues in the future gobi sand and dust research.  相似文献   

15.
Land surface temperature on alpine mountainous cold regions, which is one of basic parameters of the regional hydrological and meteorological conditions, directly affects glacial recession, snow melt, distribution and freezing thawing process of permafrost, evapotranspiration, vegetation growth, and various underlying surface change process, and then changes the regional hydrological and ecological environment, becomes the important parameter of the research on land surface process and the study of eco-hydrological process. This paper tried to provide an overview of research on land surface temperature, and to introduce its influence factors and the ways to obtain land surface temperature data in high mountainous cold region. Relative to low elevation plain, the land surface temperature was significantly affected by local altitude, terrain and plant cover. There were some methods to obtain land surface temperature, such as measurement in situ, retrieval based on remote sensing and calculation by land surface process models, but there were some limitations while used on alpine mountainous cold regions. Land surface temperature data from meteorological stations were only about level bare ground, and the influence of terrain or vegetable cover was not considered. Therefore, the data could not represent the information of region scale on mountainous area. Land surface temperature retrieval from remote sensing data, because of calculation theory, ground observation verification and spatiotemporal resolution, made it difficult to fulfill research on hydrology, land surface process and eco-hydrological process in alpine mountainous area. Land surface process models estimated land surface temperature in the experimental sites with high accuracy, but reduced the accuracy while upscale to the region scale on the mountainous cold area, because of the error from input control meteorological, soil and plant variables, and the error of ground observation site verification. The future research on land surface temperature on alpine mountainous cold regions should strengthen field observations and improve data accuracy, to build a physical land surface temperature estimation method with topographic and vegetation parameters, and to contribute to research on land-atmosphere-water process in alpine mountainous regions.  相似文献   

16.
The water resource and its change of mountainous area are very important to the oasis economic system and ecosystem in the arid areas of northwest China. Accurately understanding the water transfer and circulation process among vegetation, soil, and atmosphere over different hydrological units in mountainous areas such as snow and ice, cold desert, forest and grassland is the basic scientific issue of water research in cold and arid regions, which is also the basis of water resource delicacy management and regulation. There are many research results on the hydrological function of different land covers in mountain areas, basin hydrological processes, however, there are only very limited studies on the water internal recycle at basin scale. The quantitative study on the mechanism of water internal recycle is still at the starting stage, which faces many challenges. The key project “Study on water internal recycle processes and mechanism in typical mountain areas of inland basins, Northwest China” funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China will select the Aksu River and Shule River Basin, which have better observation basis, as study area. The internal mechanism of moisture transfer and exchange process of different land cover and atmosphere, the internal mechanism of water cycle in the basin, and water transfer paths in atmosphere will be studied through enhancing runoff plot experiments on different land cover, analyzing the mechanism of water vapor transfer and exchange between different land covers in the watershed by isotope tracing on the water vapor flux of vegetation water, soil moisture and atmospheric moisture, improving the algorithms of remote sensing inversion and ground verification on land surface evapotranspiration on different land cover, and analyzing the water vapor flux from reanalysis data, and the coupling modeling of regional climate model and land surface process model. At last, the effect of different land cover in hydrological process of mountain area, and the impact of land cover on downstream oasis will be systematically analyzed.  相似文献   

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