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新疆磁海铁矿床地质特征及矿床成因 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文通过对磁海铁矿床地质特征、矿体特征、矿物组合、微量元素、稀土元素地球化学和同位素组成的研究表明,磁海铁矿床属于次火山岩-矿浆贯入-热液交代型矿床,其成矿物质和热液来源于上地幔。 相似文献
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东天山雅满苏铁矿床夕卡岩成因及矿床成因类型 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
新疆东天山雅满苏铁矿床是该区乃至我国产于海相火山岩中的典型铁矿床,其矿床成因类型长期以来一直有海相火山岩型和矽卡岩型之争,争论的焦点是该矿床中矽卡岩的成因,影响了关键控矿要素的确定和找矿标志的建立.为了探讨矽卡岩的成因,本文测定了穿插铁矿体和矽卡岩的辉绿岩脉的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,采用XRF方法测定了雅满苏铁矿区火山岩、火山沉积岩和矽卡岩的主量元素含量,采用电子探针方法分析了该矿床不同产态不同期次矽卡岩中石榴石的矿物组成.测得辉绿岩脉锆石年龄为335Ma,将雅满苏矿区铁矿化和矽卡岩的形成时代限定于335Ma之前,表明矿化蚀变与火山岩同期,是雅满苏组火山岩喷发期热液交代作用的产物.岩矿鉴定也显示热液改造首先形成葡萄石,进而由于流体中铁质的加入形成石榴石.两期石榴石的矿物化学特征表明早期形成的石榴石富铁;晚期形成的石榴石铁质含量低,并有磁铁矿和黄铁矿等金属矿物与其共生.由于该矽卡岩的形成与火成岩体接触带的交代作用没有明显成因联系,因此笔者认为该矿床中的矽卡岩属广义矽卡岩,矿床成因类型归为海相火山岩型铁矿床更合理. 相似文献
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西天山阿吾拉勒火山岩型铁矿带东段成矿地质背景与成矿机理 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
备战、敦德、智博、查岗诺尔铁矿分布于阿吾拉勒火山岩型铁矿带东段的大哈拉军山组火山岩中,各个矿区基性、中性和酸性火山岩兼而有之,但所占比例不尽相同。矿区的火山岩以钾玄岩系列、高钾钙碱性系列、钙碱性系列岩石为主,也有少量拉斑系列岩石出露。岩石相对富集轻稀土元素,相对富集大离子亲石元素而亏损Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素。显示出岛弧或活动陆缘环境火山岩的固有特征。研究认为该地区铁矿床为矿浆-火山热液复合成因型铁矿床,其形成受岩浆-热液系统活动的制约,具体成矿作用包括氧化物熔离成矿、隐爆-贯入成矿、分离结晶+岩浆流动成矿和热液交代四种类型。矿床的控矿因素与成矿条件包括:(1)活动大陆边缘型火山岩组合与伸展构造环境;(2)基性和中性火山熔浆多次喷溢和堆积部位;(3)含矿母岩浆的强烈分异演化导致氧化物熔离,而分离结晶和岩浆流动则促使富集矿体形成;(4)岩浆热液对流循环并萃取围岩铁质,是形成热液期矿石的基本机制;(5)火山机构及其伴生裂隙是含矿岩浆活动的有利空间并为成矿物质的聚集提供物理化学条件,是铁矿体主要控矿因素和赋矿部位。铁矿床与火山作用关系极为密切,火山熔浆与火山热液反复多次活动导致了成矿作用的多期多阶段性。 相似文献
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新疆西天山晚古生代铁矿床的地质特征、矿化类型及形成环境 总被引：29，自引：14，他引：15
西天山成矿带是我国重要的铁多金属成矿带之一,以阿吾拉勒铁成矿带为主体,近年来铁矿勘查工作取得重大进展,相继勘查或发现了查岗诺尔、备战、智博、敦德、松湖、雾岭及尼新塔格-阿克萨依等多个铁矿床,使该地区成为新疆重要的大型铁矿开发基地。这些新发现的铁矿床普遍赋存于安山质熔岩及火山碎屑岩中,规模多数达到大中型,品位较高。总体上,对铁矿床的研究程度普遍很低,成矿环境和成矿规律认识不清,缺乏综合性的总体研究。文章在已有的研究成果基础上,结合笔者研究小组近三年的大量野外调查工作和室内的整理研究,综述了新疆西天山主要铁矿床的地质特征、分布规律、矿化类型。将西天山的铁矿床划分为海相火山岩型和矽卡岩型2个大类,根据矿化类型将海相火山岩型细分为火山沉积型、火山岩浆-热液型、类矽卡岩型3个亚类。初步讨论了西天山铁矿床的成矿地质背景,认为石炭纪晚期可能属于碰撞造山晚期阶段的陆缘弧环境,局部存在挤压-伸展的构造转变,是铁矿形成的有利环境。通过区域铁矿床特征的对比以及与国内外火山岩有关的典型矿床特征的对比研究,认为铁矿床的形成与火山-侵入活动有密切的成因联系,形成时间接近或稍晚于火山活动期;早期阶段以富铁流体(熔体)充填-交代作用成矿为主,晚期热液交代富集成矿,整个成矿过程伴随大量的热液围岩蚀变;成矿物质来源可能以岛弧岩浆作用所携带的深部铁质为主,并含有少量火山-次火山气液交代围岩所萃取的铁质;富铁流体(熔体)可能是由俯冲过程中形成的基性岩浆分异形成的,但具体的形成机制、岩浆起源和演化过程是今后研究的重点。 相似文献
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福建马坑铁矿床形成温度和压力实验的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正> 马坑铁矿赋存于石炭—二叠纪合火山岩的碳酸盐岩—碎屑岩建造的地层中,由辉绿岩和大理岩在火山气热液作用下形成含矽卡岩矿物组合的磁铁矿床。这类铁矿分布较广,是一个重要的矿床类型。为了探索这类矿床形成的温度、压力和介质环境,我们继《福建马坑矽卡岩分带的模拟实验》之后,采用马坑天然辉绿岩和大理岩作为试料,对该矿床形成的温度和压力进行了初步的实验研究。 相似文献
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突出山铜铁矿床是东天山雅满苏石炭纪弧前-岛弧带中代表性的铁多金属矿床, 矿体呈透镜状、脉状、似层状赋存于上石炭统底坎尔组下亚组火山岩中。矽卡岩阶段包裹体均一温度为151℃~>380℃, 盐度为1.91%~23.18% NaCleq, 密度为0.76~1.09 g/cm3, 热液硫化物阶段包裹体均一温度为101℃~280℃, 盐度为0.35%~23.05% NaCleq, 密度为0.74~1.13 g/cm3, 表明成矿流体属于中-高温、中-低盐度、中-低密度的NaCl-H2O体系。(绿泥石)绿帘石矽卡岩、磁铁矿(镜铁矿)矿石、含磁铁矿灰岩的稀土配分模式均为轻稀土相对富集的右倾型(LREE/HREE=2.85~9.21), 以出现负铕异常(δEu=0.22~1.09)和铈异常不发育为特征, 与底坎尔组火山岩相似, 表明成矿物质来源于底坎尔组火山岩。矿区矽卡岩可能是火山热液交代碳酸盐岩形成的, 成矿条件为中-高温、较为宽广的氧化还原环境, 矿床成因属火山热液交代型。 相似文献
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吉林省南部早太古宙上壳岩是太古宙高级区的组成部分,它包括变质火山岩和变质沉积岩,其中各类变质火山岩的地球化学特征与康迪统计的太古宙同类岩石大致可此。本区上壳岩随SiO_2含量增高,ΣREE逐渐增高。各类岩石普遍具Ce、Eu的负异常,表明它们具相同的成岩环境。 相似文献
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This study integrated surface and subsurface stratigraphic data with geophysical logs and hydrogeologic data in order to
characterize the hydraulic properties of the Silurian dolomite in northeastern Wisconsin. Silurian stratigraphy consists of
predictable alternations of characteristic facies associations. A vertical profile of hydraulic conductivity, obtained from
short-interval packer tests in a core hole that penetrates a majority of the Silurian section, indicates that hydraulic conductivity
ranges over five orders of magnitude (10–1 to 10–6 cm/s). Matrix conductivity is generally low and varies with texture; the finer-grained restricted-marine and transitional
facies being less permeable than the coarser-grained open-marine facies. High-conductivity values are generally associated
with bedding-plane fractures, and fracture frequency is greater in the restricted-marine facies.
High-flow features in 16 wells were identified using fluid-temperature/resistivity and heat-pulse flowmeter logs. Natural-gamma
logs were used to identify the stratigraphic position of flow features in each well and to correlate flow features to specific
stratigraphic horizons. By combining stratigraphic, geophysical, and hydrogeologic data, 14 high-permeability zones within
the Silurian aquifer have been identified and correlated in wells more than 16 km apart. These zones parallel bedding, appear
most pronounced at contacts between contrasting lithologies, and are most abundant in restricted-marine lithologies.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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Delineation of capture zones for municipal wells in fractured dolomite, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, USA 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
A wellhead protection study for the city of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, USA, demonstrates the necessity of combining detailed
hydrostratigraphic analysis with groundwater modeling to delineate zones of contribution for municipal wells in a fractured
dolomite aquifer. A numerical model (MODFLOW) was combined with a particle tracking code (MODPATH) to simulate the regional
groundwater system and to delineate capture zones for municipal wells. The hydrostratigraphic model included vertical and
horizontal fractures and high-permeability zones. Correlating stratigraphic interpretations with field data such as geophysical
logs, packer tests, and fracture mapping resulted in the construction of a numerical model with five high-permeability zones
related to bedding planes or facies changes. These zones serve as major conduits for horizontal groundwater flow. Dipping
fracture zones were simulated as thin high-permeability layers. The locations of exposed bedrock and surficial karst features
were used to identify areas of enhanced recharge. Model results show the vulnerability of the municipal wells to pollution.
Capture zones for the wells extend several kilometers north and south from the city. Travel times from recharge areas to all
wells were generally less than one year. The high seasonal variability of recharge in the study area made the use of a transient
model necessary.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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Previous researchers in Dazhuoma area of Southern Qiangtang Basin have found some sporadic oil and gas on the surface and collected a small amount of source rocks for analysis, but the exploration degree was generally low and they have not carried out systematic analysis of the generation, storage and cap of oil and gas. Based on the previous data, the authors in this paper have studied the characteristics of the source rocks, reservoir rocks and cap rocks in Dazhuoma area of Southern Qiangtang Basin by means of field petroleum geological survey, sample collection, indoor analysis and comparative research. The results suggest that the mudstone and shale of Adula Formation in the study area are considered as good source rocks, and the mudstone and silty mudstone of Sewa Formation are poor-medium source rocks, while Buqu Formation, Shari Formation and Suowa Formation are poor source rocks. The main reservoir rocks are the sandstone of Adula Formation and the dolomite of Buqu Formation. The cap rocks are argillaceous rocks, limestone and gypsum, and are mainly Ⅰ and Ⅱ cap rocks. Furthermore, the discovery of oil exposure shows that this basin has underwent the process of oil and gas generation, migration, gathering and losing, which builds the material foundation of oil and gas generation and the petroleum geological conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation. It is suggested that more drilling should be arranged in Darzhuoma anticline with good oil and gas storage conditions, and further deep research should be carried out to achieve oil and gas breakthrough in this area. 相似文献
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(6):1777-1794
Sedimentary rocks cover-73% of the Earth's surface and metamorphic rocks account for approximately91% of the crust by volume. Understanding the average behavior and variability of heat production for these rock types are vitally important for developing accurate models of lithospheric temperature. We analyze the heat production of ～204,000 whole rock geochemical data to quantify how heat production of these rocks varies with respect to chemistry and their evolution during metamorphism. The heat production of metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks are similar to their respective protoliths. Igneous and metaigneous samples increase in heat production with increasing SiO_2 and K_2 O, but decrease with increasing FeO, MgO and CaO. Sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks increase in heat production with increasing Al_2 O_3, FeO, TiO_2, and K_2 O but decrease with increasing CaO. For both igneous and sedimentary rocks, the heat production variations are largely correlated with processes that affect K_2 O concentration and covary with other major oxides as a consequence. Among sedimentary rocks,aluminous shales are the highest heat producing(2.9 μW~(-3)) whereas more common iron shales are lower heat producing(1.7 μW m~(-3)). Pure quartzites and carbonates are the lowest heat producing sedimentary rocks. Globally, there is little definitive evidence for a decrease in heat production with increasing metamorphic grade. However, there remains the need for high resolution studies of heat production variations within individual protoliths that vary in metamorphic grade. These results improve estimates of heat production and natural variability of rocks that will allow for more accurate temperature models of the lithosphere. 相似文献
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变质岩分类的三要素是:变质岩的物质成分(化学成分、矿物成分)、变质岩的组构(结构、构造)和变质岩的成因(变质作用类型和形成变质岩的物理化学条件).由于变质岩的化学成分、矿物成分、组构特征和形成变质岩的地质环境十分复杂,致使至今尚无以变质岩分类三要素为基础的、内容比较完善的分类方案.本文中主要变质岩的分类是以其分类三要素为基础编制的,首次将不同成因的变质岩类并列于同一表中、将鉴定变质岩的主要标志性矿物成分和组构特征列入同一分类表中.该分类对鉴定变质岩石具有可操作性和实用性,分类表中涵盖了自然界主要的变质岩石. 相似文献
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前人在南羌塘达卓玛地区零星发现了一些地表油气显示并采集了少量的烃源岩进行分析,但勘查程度总体较低,未开展系统的生、储、盖研究。结合前人资料,通过野外石油地质调查、样品采集、室内分析、对比研究等手段,对南羌塘盆地达卓玛地区的烃源岩、储集岩、盖层等油气地质条件进行了分析,认为研究区阿堵拉组泥岩、页岩为好烃源岩,色哇组泥岩、粉砂质泥岩为差—中等烃源岩,布曲组、夏里组和索瓦组发育差烃源岩; 储集岩主要为阿堵拉组砂岩和布曲组白云岩; 盖层有泥质岩、灰岩和石膏,以Ⅰ、Ⅱ类盖层为主。野外调查中发现了大量地表油气显示,盆地经历了油气生成、运移、聚集和散失的过程,具有油气生成的物质基础和成藏的油气地质条件。建议在油气存储条件良好的达卓玛背斜布置钻井,进一步开展深部研究,力争实现该地区油气突破。 相似文献
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CO2矿物捕获能力的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
全球碳存储的研究表明, CO2最稳定的存储方式是 CO2的矿物捕获, 即将 CO2注入到地下,使其以方解石、菱铁矿、白云石及片钠铝石等碳酸盐矿物的形式存在.适合 CO2矿物捕获的岩石类型主要有火山岩、砂岩和火山碎屑岩.分析了3种岩石类型的金属元素含量、金属元素的释放能力、与 CO2反应生成的矿物类型及对 CO2的捕获量,并比较了3种岩石类型对 CO2矿物捕获能力的差异.其中玄武岩等火山岩的金属离子含量高,但其孔隙空间有限,制约了成岩反应,且 CO2注入后具有逸散的风险;砂岩分布广泛,有足够的孔隙利于流体注入,但是金属离子含量相对较低,对 CO2的矿物捕获所需时间相对较长;火山碎屑岩则结合了前2种岩石类型在矿物捕获方面的优势,是一种理想的 CO2矿物捕获的岩石类型. 相似文献