共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
氧化还原电位与岩浆体系中锡的行为 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了估计岩浆体系的成矿能力和矿质的迁移途径,必须知道熔体结晶和流体分馏过程中戍矿元素(即杂质元素)行为的一般规律。微量组分的存在不会影响体系中所发生的作用,但体系所处的物理化学条件会影响多个相之间和某些相内部微量组分的分配。根据现代硅酸盐熔体结构和硅酸盐混晶理论研究,还不能从理论上计算分配系数,而有(作为天然作用中杂质元素的)成矿元素参加的硅酸盐体系的实验资料极少。 相似文献
2.
高温下非传统稳定同位素分馏 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
过去十几年来,非传统稳定同位素地球化学在高温地质过程的研究中取得了的重大进展。多接收诱导耦合等离子质谱(MC-ICP-MS)的应用引发了稳定同位素分析方法的重大突破,使得精确测定重元素的同位素比值成为可能。本文总结了以Li、Fe和Mg同位素为代表的非传统稳定同位素在岩石地球化学研究中的应用。Li同位素目前被广泛地用于地幔地球化学、俯冲带物质再循环和变质作用的研究中,可以用来示踪岩浆的源区性质和扩散等动力学过程。不同价态的Fe在矿物熔体相之间的分配可以产生Fe同位素分馏,可以发生在地幔交代、部分熔融、分离结晶等过程中。岩浆岩的Mg同位素则大致反映其源区的特征,地幔的Mg同位素组成比较均一,这为研究低温地球化学过程中Mg同位素的分馏提供一个均一的背景。此外,Cl,Si,Cu,Ca,U等等同位素体系也具有广阔的应用前景。对同位素分馏机制的实验研究和理论模拟为理解非传统稳定同位素数据提供了必要的指导。实验表明,高温下具有不同的迁移速度的轻、重同位素可以产生显著的动力学同位素分馏,这一分馏可以在化学扩散、蒸发和凝华等过程中发生;同位素在矿物和熔体以及流体相中化学环境的差异使得不同相之间可以发生平衡分馏。而最近的硅酸盐岩浆的热扩散和热迁移实验则揭示了一种"新"的岩浆分异和同位素分馏机制。沿着温度梯度,硅酸盐岩浆可以发生显著的元素和同位素分异,湿的安山岩可以通过这种方式演变成花岗质成分,因此这个过程可能对陆壳的产生和演化有重大影响。如果温度梯度在岩浆作用中能长期存在,热扩散就可以产生稳定同位素的分馏,这一机制有别于传统的平衡和动力学同位素分馏。 而多个稳定同位素体系的正相关关系是示踪热迁移过程的最有力证据。在热扩散过程中,流体承载的物质的浓度和它的索瑞系数有关。但是这个系数对体系的很多参数非常敏感,变化极大,因此对热扩散效应的研究产生极大的困难。对热扩散实验的镁、钙和铁同位素测量表明,同位素比值的变化与体系的化学组成以及总温度无关,只和温度变化的幅度有关,这意味着即使元素的索瑞系数变化多端,某一元素的同位素之间的索瑞系数的差别总为常数。这一发现有助于简化对热扩散和索瑞系数这一基础物理问题的研究 。 相似文献
3.
4.
香花岭花岗岩型铌钽矿床的成因——兼论超临界流体在成岩成矿过程中的作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
香花岭花岗岩不同岩相的岩石化学、微量元素、元素对比值和包裹体温度、压力与成分等方面的研究表明：香花岭花岗岩为Ｈ２Ｏ－Ｆ－ＣＯ２－Ｃｌ流体类型，属超临界流体。在超临界流体作用下，岩浆体系内熔体的粘度、内压、组分活动性及含量，随岩浆演化呈系列变化，导致岩浆体系内的成分强烈分异成层；Ｎｂ、Ｔａ等成矿元素，随岩浆体系内超临界流体的聚集而富集，随体系内射气分异作用的发生而矿化，成矿作用发生在岩浆期。其成岩成矿作用为一连续过程。在这一过程中，岩浆的结晶分异作用和交代、熔蚀作用并存，沉淀作用和溶解作用交替，实质上是岩浆体系的分异作用或自然组织作用过程 相似文献
5.
超临界流体在花岗岩成岩成矿过程中的作用——以香花岭花岗岩型铌钽矿床(430)为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以香花岭花岗岩型铌钽矿床为例,把花岗岩熔体内的组分按其活动性分为活动组分、有效活动组分和惰性组分３类;论述了花岗岩熔体在超临界流体作用下（流体—熔体,流体—岩石作用）,粘度、内压、结构、组分活动性及相对含量等,随岩浆演化而呈现的一系列变化,同时,铌钽等成矿元素随岩浆体系内超临界流体聚集而富集,随体系内射气分异作用的发生而矿化,成岩作用和成矿作用表现为一连续过程,在这一过程中,结晶分异作用和交代、溶蚀作用并存,沉淀作用和溶解作用交替,实质上是岩浆体系的内部分异作用或自组织作用过程,成矿作用发生在广义岩浆作用范畴,矿床属岩浆成因。 相似文献
6.
香花岭花岗岩不同岩相的岩石化学、微量元素，元素对比值和包裹体温度，压力与成分等方面的研究表明：香花岭花岗岩为Ｈ２Ｏ－Ｆ－ＣＯ２－Ｃｌ流体类型，属超临界流体，在超临界流体作用下，岩浆体系内熔体的粘度，内压，组分活动性及含量，胡岩浆演化呈系列变化，导致岩浆体系内的成分强烈分异成层；Ｎｂ，Ｔａ等成矿元素，随岩浆体系内超临界流体的聚集而富集，随体系内射气分异作用的发生而矿化，成矿作用发生在岩浆期。其成岩成 相似文献
7.
硅酸盐熔体和流体中金的性质及行为研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩浆演化过程中岩浆—流体阶段发生的相转变过程控制了元素在两相之间的分配行为。作为与岩浆热液活动有密切成因联系的金矿床,其在硅酸盐熔体和流体中的性状及两相间的分配行为是控制该类矿床成矿的重要物理化学因素。介绍了金在流体、熔体中的性状,论述了其在流体/硅酸盐熔体间的分配行为不仅受温度、压力、氧逸度等物理化学条件的影响,还受流体组分(阴离子、阳离子)、熔体组成(Na2O+K2O/Al2O3,Na/K,SiO2,NBO/T)的制约;最后对目前实验研究存在的问题、改进方法以及今后的研究方向进行了探讨。 相似文献
8.
富F熔体-溶液体系流体地球化学及其成矿效应--研究现状及存在问题 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
高度演化花岗岩类多为富F的熔体溶液体系 ,具有鲜明的、不同于其他体系的地球化学行为。富F岩浆固相线和液相线的降低和岩浆寿命的延长 ,使残余熔体与热水热液的性状差异减小 ,模糊了岩浆与热液之间的界线。最近对于富F、B和P伟晶岩中熔融包裹体的研究获得了新的进展。在约 70 0～ 5 0 0℃的温度和 1 0 0 0× 1 0 5Pa的压力下 ,在伟晶岩石英中发现两种不同类型的熔体包裹体 ,一种是富硅酸盐、贫水的熔体包裹体 ,另一种是贫硅酸盐、富水的熔体包裹体。两种熔体在硅酸盐 (+F +B +P) 水体系的溶离线边界上同时被圈闭。这表明 ,在地壳浅部侵位的侵入体 ,当温度≥ 70 0℃时 ,水在富F、B和P的熔体中可以无限混溶 ;而一旦温度降低 ,就会分离为两种共存的熔体并伴随强烈的元素分异作用。在溶离线的富水一侧形成与正常硅酸盐熔体有很大不同的高度富挥发份的熔体 ,这种致密、高粘度、高扩散性以及高活动性的超富水 (hyper aqueousmelt)熔体 ,可以与水溶液流体相类比。这为岩浆热液过渡性流体的假说提供了新的有利的证据。此外 ,在这种具有超富水和熔体特征的过渡性流体中 ,微迹元素可能具有特殊的地球化学行为 ,如在许多晚期花岗岩包括淡色花岗岩和伟晶岩中稀土元素配分模式所显示的四分组效应等。富F熔体溶液体? 相似文献
9.
爆破角砾岩型金矿床的成因及其定位机制：——以河南祁雨沟金矿为例 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文系统地研究了祁雨沟爆破角砾岩型金矿床的地质特征、流体包裹体和硫、铅、氢、氧及碳同位素特征,认为成矿流体和成矿元素主要来自晚期的岩浆熔体,只在成矿晚期有少量大气降水的加入,应属典型的岩浆热液型金矿床。而矿床的形成和定位则是岩浆结晶分异作用的后期,岩浆熔体因水过饱和而发生“二次沸滕”,产生高压流体,从而在地表浅部发生隐爆作用,造成岩体坍塌,含金流体胶结而成含金角砾岩体。岩浆熔体脉动式的“二次沸滕” 相似文献
10.
月球早期经历了岩浆洋阶段,岩浆洋的研究对认识月球内部构造有着重要意义。月球岩浆洋演化主导模型认为:岩浆洋结晶到80%左右,斜长石开始结晶,并上浮形成斜长岩月壳。该模型与观察事实存在两点矛盾:1)基于该模型计算结晶的斜长石An牌号比高地样品斜长石An牌号测试结果低;2)该模型散热速率计算指示岩浆洋在几个百万年时间内固化,而同位素体系对月球岩石样品定年结果表明月壳的结晶年龄十分古老,并且结晶区间跨越了270Myr,这与主导模型之间存在矛盾。以解决以上两点矛盾为目的,本文论证岩浆洋在演化之初硕部存在冷却"盖层",并将硅酸盐熔体在温度梯度下的热扩散效应引入岩浆洋演化模型。热扩散效应指均一的物质在温度梯度下发生分异的过程。本文工作模型是:由于月球的重力常数小,不能有效的保持大气,因此月球的岩浆洋表面温度很低。此时岩浆洋自上而下存在一个过渡的瞬态固化"盖层"(淬火层),岩浆洋自上而下存在温度梯度,岩浆洋在该梯度下发生热扩散效应(Soret效应),Soret效应导致上部结晶斜长石的熔体富Ca和贫Na,因此结晶的斜长石An牌号高。 相似文献
11.
Mt. Shasta andesite and dacite lavas contain high MgO (3.5–5 wt.%), very low FeO*/MgO (1–1.5) and 60–66 wt.% SiO2. The range of major and trace element compositions of the Shasta lavas can be explained through fractional crystallization (~50–60 wt.%) with subsequent magma mixing of a parent magma that had the major element composition of an H2O-rich primitive magnesian andesite (PMA). Isotopic and trace element characteristics of the Mt. Shasta stratocone lavas are highly variable and span the same range of compositions that is found in the parental basaltic andesite and PMA lavas. This variability is inherited from compositional variations in the input contributed from melting of mantle wedge peridotite that was fluxed by a slab-derived, fluid-rich component. Evidence preserved in phenocryst assemblages indicates mixing of magmas that experienced variable amounts of fractional crystallization over a range of crustal depths from ~25 to ~4 km beneath Mt. Shasta. Major and trace element evidence is also consistent with magma mixing. Pre-eruptive crystallization extended from shallow crustal levels under degassed conditions (~4 wt.% H2O) to lower crustal depths with magmatic H2O contents of ~10–15 wt.%. Oxygen fugacity varied over 2 log units from one above to one below the Nickel-Nickel Oxide buffer. The input of buoyant H2O-rich magmas containing 10–15 wt.% H2O may have triggered magma mixing and facilitated eruption. Alternatively, vesiculation of oversaturated H2O-rich melts could also play an important role in mixing and eruption. 相似文献
12.
Shallow-level decompression crystallisation and deep magma supply at Shiveluch Volcano 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. C. S. Humphreys J. D. Blundy R. S. J. Sparks 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(1):45-61
Recent petrological studies indicate that some crustal magma chambers may be built up slowly by the intermittent ascent and
amalgamation of small packets of magma generated in a deep-seated source region. Despite having little effect on whole-rock
compositions, this process should be detectable as variable melt trace element composition, preserved as melt inclusions trapped
in phenocrysts. We studied trace element and H2O contents of plagioclase- and hornblende-hosted melt inclusions from andesite lavas and pumices of Shiveluch Volcano, Kamchatka.
Melt inclusions are significantly more evolved than the whole rocks, indicating that the whole rocks contain a significant
proportion of recycled foreign material. H2O concentrations indicate trapping at a wide range of pressures, consistent with shallow decompression-driven crystallisation.
The variation of trace element concentrations indicates up to ∼30% decompression crystallisation, which accounts for crystallisation
of the groundmass and rims on phenocrysts. Trace element scatter could be explained by episodic stalling during shallow magma
ascent, allowing incompatible element concentrations to increase during isobaric crystallisation. Enrichment of Li at intermediate
pH2O reflects influx and condensation of metal-rich vapours. A set of “exotic melts”, identified by their anomalous incompatible
trace element characteristics, indicate variable source chemistry. This is consistent with evolution of individual magma batches
with small differences in trace element chemistry, and intermittent ascent of magma pulses.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
13.
Controls on the fractionation of isovalent trace elements in magmatic and aqueous systems: evidence from Y/Ho,Zr/Hf,and lanthanide tetrad effect 总被引：55，自引：0，他引：55
Michael Bau 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1996,123(3):323-333
The parameters which control the behaviour of isovalent trace elements in magmatic and aqueous systems have been investigated
by studying the distribution of yttrium, rare-earth elements (REEs), zirconium, and hafnium. If a geochemical system is characterized
by CHArge-and-RAdius-Controlled (CHARAC) trace element behaviour, elements of similar charge and radius, such as the Y-Ho and Zr-Hf twin pairs, should display extremely
coherent behaviour, and retain their respective chondritic ratio. Moreover, normalized patterns of REE(III) should be smooth
functions of ionic radius and atomic number. Basic to intermediate igneous rocks show Y/Ho and Zr/Hf ratios which are close
to the chondritic ratios, indicating CHARAC behaviour of these elements in pure silicate melts. In contrast, aqueous solutions
and their precipitates show non-chondritic Y/Ho and Zr/Hf ratios. An important process that causes trace element fractionation
in aqueous media is chemical complexation. The complexation behaviour of a trace element, however, does not exclusively depend
on its ionic charge and radius, but is additionally controlled by its electron configuration and by the type of complexing
ligand, since the latter two determine the character of the chemical bonding (covalent vs electrostatic) in the various complexes. Hence, in contrast to pure melt systems, aqueous systems are characterized by non-CHARAC
trace element behaviour, and electron structure must be considered as an important additional parameter. Unlike other magmatic
rocks, highly evolved magmas rich in components such as H2O, Li, B, F, P, and/or Cl often show non-chondritic Y/Ho and Zr/Hf ratios, and “irregular” REE patterns which are sub-divided
into four concave-upward segments referred to as “tetrads”. The combination of non-chondritic Y/Ho and Zr/Hf ratios and lanthanide
tetrad effect, which cannot be adequately modelled with current mineral/melt partition coefficients which are smooth functions
of ionic radius, reveals that non-CHARAC trace element behaviour prevails in highly evolved magmatic systems. The behaviour
of high field strength elements in this environment is distinctly different from that in basic to intermediate magmas (i.e.
pure silicate melts), but closely resembles trace element behaviour in aqueous media. “Anomalous” behaviour of Y and REEs,
and of Zr and Hf, which are hosted by different minerals, and the fact that these minerals show “anomalous” trace element distributions
only if they crystallized from highly evolved magmas, indicate that non-CHARAC behaviour is a reflection of specific physicochemical
properties of the magma. This supports models which suggest that high-silica magmatic systems which are rich in H2O, Li, B, F, P, and/or Cl, are transitional between pure silicate melts and hydrothermal fluids. In such a transitional system
non-CHARAC behaviour of high field strength elements may be due to chemical complexation with a wide variety of ligands such
as non-bridging oxygen, F, B, P, etc., leading to absolute and relative mineral/melt or mineral/aqueous-fluid partition coefficients
that are extremely sensitive to the composition and structure of this magma. Hence, any petrogenetic modelling of such magmatic
rocks, which utilizes partition coefficients that have not been determined for the specific igneous suite under investigation,
may be questionable. But Y/Ho and Zr/Hf ratios provide information on whether or not the evolution of felsic igneous rocks
can be quantitatively modelled: samples showing non-chondritic Y/Ho and Zr/Hf ratios or even the lanthanide tetrad effect
should not be considered for modelling. However, the most important result of this study is that Y/Ho and Zr/Hf ratios may be used to
verify whether Y, REEs, Zr, and Hf in rocks or minerals have been deposited from or modified by silicate melts or aqueous
fluids.
Received: 4 September 1995 / Accepted: 30 October 1995 相似文献
14.
We propose a new approach to model the geochemical evolution of continuously replenished and tapped steady-state magma chambers. We use a sinusoidal function to model cyclic magma supply. The temporal evolution of a reservoir is described using differential equations, in which the amount of refilling magma does not depend on the size of the chamber. These equations can be used to calculate incompatible trace element concentrations and magma quantities. We examine the geochemical consequences of episodic injections, noises and wall-rock assimilation. We also explore possible variations in crystallization rate. To show its potential, the theoretical treatment has been applied to the EPR 17-19°S, a site with a strong magma budget which has been the subject of several geological/geophysical studies. The practical application requires geological parameters to be constrained, as well as the extreme values of the lava concentration range. A first step specifies the incompatible trace element composition of the replenishing melt, which corresponds in the EPR case to a magnesian liquid (MgO = 9.5 wt%). It is then possible to determine other parameters such as cycle period (∼750 years), magma residence time (∼300 years), and reservoir size (from 4.1 to 8.6 km3 per 20 km segment). Lastly, variations in crystallization rate do not significantly alter the results. 相似文献
15.
锆石是地质学研究中最重要的副矿物,其分布广泛、物理、化学性质稳定,记录了结晶时的年龄、温度、氧逸度以及O-Hf-Si-Zr-Li等多元同位素和微量元素信息,被广泛运用于地球科学的研究中。近年来,随着分析技术的发展,研究者在获取锆石年龄的同时也获取了大量锆石微量元素数据,这些数据的积累推动着研究者对锆石微量元素理论研究的不断深入,并取得了一系列重要进展,如发现锆石微量元素组成受锆石本身的晶格特点主导,符合晶格应变模型和类质同象替代机制;发现锆石微量元素组成受到熔体成分演化影响,锆石结晶时的熔体微量元素组成往往不等同于全岩;发现锆石内部的微量元素不均一特征(矿物包裹体、热点、蜕晶化作用等)可能会严重影响锆石的微量元素组成,继而建立了"干净锆石"的判别指标和筛选机制。此外,锆石微量元素的应用研究也取得了长足进展,研究者们不断尝试通过各类锆石微量元素指标、图解、分配系数,识别母岩浆物理化学性质、反演母岩浆组成,大大推动了锆石微量元素在示踪岩浆源区和岩浆过程中的应用。然而,由于锆石微量元素组成受控于多种因素,使得锆石微量元素在实际应用当中常常面临着多解性问题、重叠问题和分配系数的选择问题,在一定程度上影响了锆石微量元素应用研究的可靠性。未来的锆石微量元素研究将不满足于使用传统的低维指标和图解以及分配系数,而将在充分吸收传统方法精华的基础上,从海量数据与更高的维度中寻找元素之间相关性,基于热力学定律揭示新原理,基于更高空间分辨率揭示动力学因素的影响,从数据驱动和理论驱动的全新视角下深入揭示隐藏在锆石微量元素中的信息。 相似文献
16.
Yang Liu Alfred T. Anderson Colin J. N. Wilson Andrew M. Davis Ian M. Steele 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,151(1):71-87
Large pyroclastic rhyolites are snapshots of evolving magma bodies, and preserved in their eruptive pyroclasts is a record
of evolution up to the time of eruption. Here we focus on the conditions and processes in the Oruanui magma that erupted at
26.5 ka from Taupo Volcano, New Zealand. The 530 km3 (void-free) of material erupted in the Oruanui event is comparable in size to the Bishop Tuff in California, but differs
in that rhyolitic pumice and glass compositions, although variable, did not change systematically with eruption order. We
measured the concentrations of H2O, CO2 and major and trace elements in zoned phenocrysts and melt inclusions from individual pumice clasts covering the range from
early to late erupted units. We also used cathodoluminescence imaging to infer growth histories of quartz phenocrysts. For
quartz-hosted inclusions, we studied both fully enclosed melt inclusions and reentrants (connecting to host melt through a
small opening). The textures and compositions of inclusions and phenocrysts reflect complex pre-eruptive processes of incomplete
assimilation/partial melting, crystallization differentiation, magma mixing and gas saturation. ‘Restitic’ quartz occurs in
seven of eight pumice clasts studied. Variations in dissolved H2O and CO2 in quartz-hosted melt inclusions reflect gas saturation in the Oruanui magma and crystallization depths of ∼3.5–7 km. Based
on variations of dissolved H2O and CO2 in reentrants, the amount of exsolved gas at the beginning of eruption increased with depth, corresponding to decreasing
density with depth. Pre-eruptive mixing of magma with varying gas content implies variations in magma bulk density that would
have driven convective mixing.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
17.
This whole rock and silicate mineral study focuses on the genesis of the Merensky reef sequence, as well as the footwall
and hanging wall norites at an area of Rustenburg Platinum Mines in a demonstrably normal (undisturbed) environment. Continuous
sampling provides major and trace element variations and mineral compositions and allows an evaluation of the post- liquidus
processes which affected the sequence. Following the formation of liquidus phases three stages are envisaged to have modified
the rocks. These are (a) migration of fluid during early compaction of cumulates, (b) circulation of fluids within the crystal
mush, and (c) reaction and solidification of trapped liquid. Liquidus compositions are nowhere preserved in the sequence.
A strong link is demonstrated between orthopyroxene compositions (e.g. Mg# and TiO2) and the incompatible trace element content of the whole rocks. The final amount of trapped liquid is shown to have been
variable but never exceeded 10%. Calculated liquidus (pre-equilibration) orthopyroxene compositions show an up- sequence progression
of evolving compositions from the footwall norite to the hanging wall norite. Initial Sr isotopic values do not support a
simple magma mixing model by which radiogenic Main Zone magma mixes with that of the Critical Zone at the level of the Merensky
reef. There is evidence that the hanging wall norite formed from a much more evolved magma. These conclusions have implications
for the distribution and origin of the PGE-enriched Merensky reef package.
Received: 7 October 1998 / Accepted: 5 March 1999 相似文献
18.
19.
Origin of calc-alkaline series lavas at Medicine Lake Volcano by fractionation,assimilation and mixing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Timothy L. Grove David C. Gerlach Thomas W. Sando 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1982,80(2):160-182
The results of experimental studies and examination of variations in major elements, trace elements and Sr isotopes indicate
that fractionation, assimilation and magma mixing combined to produce the lavas at Medicine Lake Highland. Some characteristics
of the compositional differences among the members of the calc-alkalic association (basalt-andesite-dacite-rhyolite) can be
produced by fractional crystallization, and a fractionation model reproduces the major element trends. Other variations are
inconsistent with a fractionation origin. Elevated incompatible element abundances (K and Rb) observed in lavas intermediate
between basalt and rhyolite can be produced through assimilation of a crustal component. An accompanying increase in 87Sr/86Sr from ∼ 0.07030 in basalt to ∼0.7040 in rhyolite is also consistent with crustal assimilation. The compatible trace element
contents (Ni and Sr) of intermediate lavas can not be produced by fractional crystallization, and suggest a magma-mixing origin
for some lavas. Unusual phenocryst assemblages and textural criteria in these lavas provide additional evidence for magma
mixing.
A phase diagram constructed from the low pressure melting experiments identifies a distributary reaction point, where olivine+augite
react to pigeonite. Parental basalts reach this point at low pressures and undergo iron-enrichment at constant SiO2 content. The resulting liquid line of descent is characteristic of the tholeiitic trend. Calc-alkalic differentiation trends
circumvent the distributary reaction point by three processes: fractionation at elevated pH2O, assimilation and magma mixing. 相似文献