共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
1.
中国地理学的发展战略研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据地理学的发展历程与研究对象，阐述了地理科学在社会发展中的地位与作用，介绍了现代地理学发展的主要趋势与特点，分析了中国地理学研究的主要特点、问题与差距，并对其今后发展的战略目标、重点领域、具体措施等提出了对策建议。 相似文献
2.
地理学研究进展与前沿领域 总被引：72，自引：6，他引：72
现代地理学涵盖自然地理学、人文地理学和地理信息科学，其发展趋势是：相邻学科的交叉、渗透与融合，加强地理学内部的综合研究，地理过程的微观研究进一步深化，结合实践拓宽应用研究领域，实验与研究手段的现代化，理论思维模式的转变。地理学应在陆地表层过程与格局、全球环境变化及其区域响应、自然资源保障与生态环境建设、区域可持续发展及人地系统的机理与调控、地理信息科学和数字地球战略等前沿领域开拓创新，为促进地球系统科学的发展、协调人地关系等做出积极的贡献。 相似文献
3.
本文简述李四光教授支持发展中国现代地理学特别是关于自然区划和冰川冻土研究的若干事例,借以表彰李先生宽广开拓的胸怀与对地理科学的热诚,纪念李先生百年诞辰。 相似文献
4.
地理计算——数量地理学的新发展 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
研究方法论的变革是推动地理科学发展的动力。90年代以来,作为地理科学方法论之一的数量地理学迅速向全新的地理计算学发展。凭借高性能计算软、硬件设备的支撑,一些以“整体性”、“大容量”资料所表征的地理学时、空演变问题的模拟、预测,逐渐得以实现。以国内外文献资料为基础,追溯了国外地理计算学的发展,讨论了地理计算的内涵和构成,分析了作为地理计算基础的高性能计算的基本特征,介绍了在几个地理学固有命题(空间互作用、人口、城市演变动力学)研究中凭借高性能计算所进行的成功探索,旨在为启动我国的地理计算学研究,提供一些有益的借鉴。 相似文献
5.
牟传龙 《沉积与特提斯地质》2022,42(3):340-349
我国的岩相古地理研究大致经历了三个大的发展时期。初期阶段：20世纪80年代以前,主体是以古生物地层学的理论为指导编制出版大区域的古地理图集,集中反映海陆分布,岩相内容较少,较少的学者开展了岩相古地理研究,揭开了由古地理图向岩相古地理图转变的序幕。快速发展阶段：20世纪80年代至2000年,总体上是以大地构造学、古生物地层学、沉积学等理论为指导,开展了大量的岩相古地理研究与编图工作,并采取多种编图思路和方法编制大区域的岩相古地理图,是我国岩相古地理研究与编图大发展时期,形成了丰硕的理论和实践成果。编制的图件不仅尽量体现活动性古地理的学术前沿,而且更多的是强化实用性,聚焦对沉积层控矿产远景预测和油气勘探的支撑和指导作用。现代阶段：2000年至今,岩相古地理研究与编图聚焦支撑油气地质调查与勘探成为了这段时间的主题,采取不同的编图思路和方法编制出版了大区域的岩相古地理图。具有三大特点：一是编图资料丰富,技术方法新颖;二是编图思路先进,体现了以构造为主线,岩相古地理恢复为核心,支撑服务油气为根本的研究思路;三是以服务油气目标为特色。由于大数据、人工智能等信息技术突飞猛进促进大数据岩相古地理向前发展,数字岩相古地理必将推动我国在岩相古地理编图思路和技术方法的创新,提升支撑服务沉积矿产找矿和油气勘探开发的精准性和预测性水平。 相似文献
6.
虚拟地理环境研究进展与理论框架 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
阐述虚拟地理环境的形成、发展与研究现状,并从"虚拟现实技术"与"虚拟现实"的相互关系探讨虚拟地理环境基本概念.从基本思想、系统结构、在线参与者社会组织水平、与GIS/数字地球的关系等角度,分析虚拟地理环境的特征.从数据、模型、表现以及协同4个方面,讨论了虚拟地理环境系统建设的关键技术与研究前沿.尝试建立了一个虚拟地理环境基本理论初步研究框架,认为在地理哲学思想层次应该重点研究复杂性人地系统、地理虚/实关系论、地理/遥感信息本体论,在地理/地理信息科学层次需要重点研究地理认知与思维、地理相似原理、地理计算模拟;同时讨论虚拟地理环境与面向"人"的地理信息科学、基于虚拟地理环境地理科学方法论,以及可计算人地关系的相关理论问题. 相似文献
7.
复杂性科学的发展与自主体系统的推广,为综合复杂的城市空间现象解释及城市地理研究提供了理论视角与工具。研究分析了自主体系统的结构、建模思路及建模平台。对国内外多主体系统在城市地理研究中的应用进行综述。研究表明自主体系统在城市地理研究中的应用比例不断提高;城市内部结构、城市形态及土地利用是应用自主体系统模拟研究的主要领域;自主体系统的数据收集、平台标准化及对城市空间研究的多尺度综合模拟等问题,将制约其在城市地理研究中的深入应用与推广。 相似文献
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9.
为贯彻落实科学发展观对测绘工作的要求,应以科学发展观统领国土资源测绘工作全局,充分利用测绘成果以及现代测绘技术,为推进科学发展提供保障服务。 相似文献
10.
《地质论评》2006,52(1):62-62
(仅列与地质学有关的部分主要刊物,据2005年12月6日科技部中国科技信息研究所公布)名次刊名因影子响1矿床地质3.2833地质学报2.8235中国科学D2.5756地理学报2.2737岩石学报2.1839岩石力学与工程学报1.95911冰川冻土1.90715地质论评1.71117地质科学1.68919地球化学1.63520古地理学报1.59122地理科学进展1.56126石油与天然气地质1.48628地理研究1.44930地球物理学报1.41537地质通报1.32846地球科学1.27252地球科学进展1.20654地理科学1.16561石油物探1.11162地学前缘1.098名次刊名因影子响71现代地质1.06772沉积学报1.06274石油学报1.05576第… 相似文献
11.
Leslie W. Hepple 《Geoforum》2008,39(4):1530-1541
Geography has had only limited interchange with the American philosophical tradition of pragmatism. This paper claims that a closer engagement with pragmatism has much to offer to geography, not least in providing an arena within which very different types of geographical inquiry - qualitative and quantitative, human and physical - may find some common ground for useful conversation and debate. However, this will only be fully achieved if geography embarks on a threefold engagement with pragmatism: (1) studies that develop and deploy specific pragmatist ideas and concepts within particular geographical research; (2) studies that attempt to relate geographical research to the wider arena of the pragmatic tradition; (3) historical examination of early links between pragmatism, social science and geography. The history and contemporary revival of pragmatism is described, together with its impacts on social theory and social science. The existing literature on geographical engagement with pragmatism is then examined, and it is argued that there is a much broader relevance within both human and physical geography, not linked to particular styles of research. The question of the history of earlier influences of pragmatism on American geography is then raised, and some linkages charted. The philosopher Hilary Putnam has used the term ‘pragmatist enlightenment’ to describe what he sees as the promise of pragmatism, and the paper concludes by suggesting that this also promises an exciting and fruitful engagement for geography. 相似文献
12.
Gary A. Dymski 《Geoforum》1996,27(4):439-452
This essay evaluates the evolution of Paul Krugman's ideas about economic geography between 1989 and 1996, focusing on the scope and intention of his work. While Krugman's geographical writings have acknowledged diverse research traditions, he has increasingly focused his efforts on formal spatial models that embody the methods of mainstream economic modeling. This emphasis reflects Krugman's view that formal modeling holds the most promise for understanding spatial aspects of urbanization. Krugman's interventions into economic geography have in turn allowed him to develop and articulate his own view of the future of social science: that is, the explanation of self-organizing behaviour should be the focal point of research, and formal modelling is the key means of advancing this agenda. 相似文献
13.
M. Morad 《Geoforum》2004,35(6):661-668
The positivism-inspired hypothetico-deductive method has dominated research practices in geographical sciences for several decades. Notwithstanding its significant contribution, as a widely employed protocol, there is a growing recognition that positivist methods of analysis have failed to accommodate the countless auxiliary assumptions that underlie any geographical research hypothesis, not only in human geography but also in physical geography and geographical information science. The Duhem–Quine thesis has received a significant amount of attention in recent years in scientific and logical theory circles, as a progressive alternative to the hypothetico-deductive method. The thesis’s main attraction to contemporary practitioners of science is that it allows methodologically rigorous ways of resolving inconsistencies between a theoretical system and experience. Under the Duhem–Quine thesis, the use of a multiple organisation of hypotheses in geographical research will militate against an over-dependence on the null-hypothesis which is inconsistent with the fact that conclusions in geographical research are subject to contingent factors such as human participation, measurement error, and ecological fallacies. 相似文献
14.
论全球变化背景下的自然地理学研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
全球变化给地球上的自然要素和自然过程乃至社会、经济和人们日常生活都带来了广泛和深刻的影响。全球变化研究已成为目前国际地学研究最活跃的前沿领域之一。在全球变化的大背景下 ,自然地理学在哲学思维和方法论上必须进行革新。例如用目的论替代传统的因果论 ,在继续重视研究地理事物的同一性的同时应更多地强调其多样性和独特性。此外 ,自然地理学研究应注意将多样性观念融入研究之中 ,在研究中树立“四维”(自然维、人类维、时间维和区域维 )观念 ,加强尺度观念 ,将区域尺度的研究作为今后的优先领域 ,并将研究重点放在关键性区域。 相似文献
15.
E. Mazúr DrSc. 《GeoJournal》1983,7(2):101-106
Scientific methods available to geography cannot, as yet, adequately comprehend and interpret landscape in all its complexity and dynamics. We are of the opinion that it should seek alternatives, new paths. The alternative must be sought at a much wider level, within the achievements of a synthetic and theoretical approach within the philosophy of contemporary science and its theoretical-methodological challenges, and in the introduction of mathematical logic and reasoning and not in the mechanical adoption of formulas and technical practices from other sciences. In spite of the diffusion of findings from other sciences we have to keep the focus on our object — landscape — a focus which is developing rapidly and which greatly differs from such a focus within geography in the past. The object remains the same, what changes, is its content. The perspective for avoiding the pitfalls of the present situation is to be seen in the convergence of data from individual branches of geography toward the fundamental problems of geographical reality. 相似文献
16.
当代地理学特征：发展趋势及中国地理学研究进展 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17
地理学是一门研究地球表层自然要素与人文要素相互作用及其时空变化规律的科学，它广泛运用现代科学技术手段，具有跨越自然科学与社会科学的性质。面对当前全球变化和可持续发展的世界性科学问题，地理学家根据学科特点和领域优势，抓住机遇、迎接挑战。目前主要研究地球表层系统各界面间的物理、化学、生物及人文过程，探讨多种过程的相互作用机理，探求人类活动与资源环境间相互协调、可持续发展的规律。地理学以“格局—结构—过程—机理”的研究思路贯穿始终。随着新技术、新方法的使用以及观测资料的不断积累，实验测试数据质量的提高和数据量的增加，当今地理学的研究在空间尺度上同时向微观、宏观两个方向扩展，模型研究不断科学化，已具备现代科学的主要特征。总体上，表现为部门地理研究深化，区域综合研究加强。长期以来，中国地理学在自然地理的综合研究、地表自然过程研究、城市与区域发展研究，以及面向社会现实的应用基础研究等方面取得了较好进展。 相似文献
17.
Keiji Yano 《GeoJournal》2000,52(3):173-180
The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of the GIS revolution within the field of geography in the 1980s and
1990s, taking into consideration the influence of external and internal factors on disciplinary change. Geography is rapidly
changing by the impact of external factors on geographical research and also as a consequence of economic recession and cutbacks
in higher education. Most geography departments in universities have tried to approach this impact by promoting or shifting
to human geography as an applied science, and by offering relevant skills through GIS as an approach to contemporary problems.
It is concluded that quantitative geography is essential for the further expansion of GIS within geography and also for the
survival of geography.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Ion Şandru 《Geoforum》1975,6(1):9-14
The Geographical Society in Romania — founded 15–27 June 1875 — plays an important part in the development of modern Romanian scientific geography. It supports school geography with educational plans and programmes by various treatises and textbooks. The Society has promoted geographical research by recommending several themes relating to Romanian territory, and by publication. In its first decades of activity (1875–1920), it initiated, promoted and supported geographical explorations and expeditions to less-known areas of the world.Its publication — The Bulletin of the Romanian Geographical Society — dealt with especially the results of scientific research work, and the journals Atetura (1949–1968) and Terra (from 1969) published studies, geographical syntheses and methodological articles.The 4000 members of the Geographical Society of Romania are grouped in over 50 branches. The Society has a wide and varied collaboration with many other geographical societies and institutes. In Romania, the Society works with the Institute of Geography, the departments of geography in universities and other institutions.After the experience of the years 1890–1900 (when 32 county dictionaries and the great geographical dictionaries to Romania in 5 volumes were produced), at present the members of our Society are working on 39 geographical monographs to the counties of the S.R. of Romania and the guide to the municipality of Bucharest. 相似文献
19.
Martin J. Haigh 《Geoforum》1985,16(2):191-203
General system science, like geography, is an integrative discipline that spans the divide between the physical and social sciences. Geography, like general system science, seeks to examine the universe of observation as a functioning whole and attempts to study together the things other disciplines study separately. However, within both geography and the system sciences at large, there are many different philosophies and methodologies. A special attribute of the general system approach is an explicit adoption of an organismic rather than a mechanistic world view. This has caused general system practitioners to develop theory in more bioscientific areas of concern such as growth, hierarchical organisation and the theory of evolution. To date, much of the systems science in geography has preferred the static, mechanistic ethos of systems analysis and systems engineering. However, general system science's concern with historic processes and the dynamic self-determined relationships between systems structure, functioning and selfcreation may be more appropriate to geographical research. A search is made for general system methodologies in current geographical research and for particular applications of aspects of the new general systems theory of evolution and theory of systems attractors as defined by Ilya Prigogine and Erich Jantsch to geography.Today, we seem to be at the tip of an iceberg of scientific change... Every discipline is in the midst of a revolution... What is exciting about this theoretical chaos is not that each discipline will emerge with a new paradigm to guide future investigations but that a new grand paradigm may be forming, one that will integrate all structure and processes from the farthest reaches of the Universe to the reasonances of subatomic particles. The Grand Paradigm is somewhere in the future and we may live to see it THEISEN, (1981, p. 758). 相似文献