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1.
氧同位素研究对于示踪流体—岩石相互作用过程中流体的时间累积流量(或流体/岩石比)、流动方向和组成具有重要意义。基于质量平衡原理可以建立“封闭”体系和开放体系的氧同位素交换模型。“封闭”体系又可分为封闭、批式挥发和瑞利挥发体系。瑞利挥发较批式挥发造成岩石更大的^18O亏损,但在地质过程中两者差异并不显著。开放体系连续模型中氧同位素迁移的机制包括扩散称散和平流。由流体流动速率和扩散称散系数定义的Peclet数决定了上述两种机制在一定尺度上对氧同位素迁移的相对贡献。流体—岩石交换受表面动力学控制,当交换速率快于流体流动时,可认为流体和岩石达到了氧同位素分馆平衡,反之则没有达到平衡。由流体流动速率和流体—岩石反应速率常数定义的Damkoehler数决定了反应接近平衡的程度。如果采用多种矿物相监控,则矿物内部分馆可有效地区分这两种反应模型。对流体—岩石相互作用过程中氧同位素变化的地球化学动力学进行了系统评述,其原理和模型也可扩展到对其他元素的研究。  相似文献   

2.
地壳流体—岩石氧氧同位素交换反应动力学研究现状   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
矿物-流体体系氧同位素交换反应动力学模型主要分为5种:封闭、“封闭”、一般开放、流体缓冲体系以及岩石缓冲体系。交换机制主要为扩散控制和表面控制。层状辉长岩上部、下部岩系辉石往往表现出不同的交换速率和交换程度,流体的初始δ^18O值也显示出较大的不均一性。花岗岩-流体氧同位素交换反应绝大多数为开放体系不平衡类型。中深成岩基与浅成岩体在有效反应时限、流体标准化渗透率方面不同。前寒武纪条带状硅质铁建造分  相似文献   

3.
地壳流体-岩石氧同位素交换反应动力学研究现状   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
矿物-流体体系氧同位素交换反应动力学模型主要分为5种:封闭、"封闭"、一般开放、流体缓冲体系以及岩石缓冲体系。交换机制主要为扩散控制和表面控制。层状辉长岩上部、下部岩系辉石往往表现出不同的交换速率和交换程度,流体的初始δ18O值也显示出较大的不均一性。花岗岩-流体氧同位素交换反应绝大多数为开放体系不平衡类型。中深成岩基与浅成岩体在有效反应时限、流体标准化渗透率方面不同。前寒武纪条带状硅质铁建造分为低级变质地带(Ⅰ组)和高级变质地带(Ⅱ组),前者多为典型的开放体系不平衡类型,石英反应程度低;后者则接近平衡,石英反应程度高。造山带低级变质地体流体-岩石18O交换主要是在岩石缓冲体系下进行的。流体循环与质量传输机制主要有:平流、扩散、扩散-平流复合机制。  相似文献   

4.
流体-岩石相互作用的研究突破了静止的固体地球观。开放体系、不平衡和动力学的研究构成了以地球内部流体为目标的前缘领域。矿物-流体体系氧同位素交换反应动力学模型主要分为5种:封闭、“封闭”、单向流动开放体系、流体缓冲体系和岩石缓冲体系。18O/16O交换机制主要为扩散控制和表面控制,后者通常伴随着强烈的矿物蚀变反应,前者则缺乏之。花岗岩-流体体系主要包括浅成系统、深成和/或者长期活动系统以及均一化平衡系统。花岗岩-流体氧同位素交换反应大多属于开放体系不平衡类型。同变形期流体-岩石相互作用的本质在于变形与流体化学反应的藕合作用。流体循环与质量传输机制主要包括平流或渗透、扩散以及平流-扩散复合机制。  相似文献   

5.
刘伟 《地学前缘》2002,9(4):423-428
耦合的质量传输和动力学限制的同位素交换模型综合考虑了平流、扩散、热液弥散 ,以及岩石与水之间的不平衡同位素交换等项因素。把耦合模型应用于 2个构造环境下的古热液系统 ,进而解释稳定同位素数据。对于造成环绕浅成侵入岩体分布的18O亏损环带的流体的流动几何学 ,以及浅部正断层流体流动的几何学 ,耦合模型提供了不同于单一同位素交换模型的解释。耦合模型也提供了关于同位素相对交换速率和同位素交换机制的信息。结果表明 ,断层带的动态重结晶促进了表面反应 ,进而便利了同位素交换 ;在化学不反应性和未变形的矿物中 ,同位素交换可能受制于固态条件下的扩散。  相似文献   

6.
作为热液体系中成矿的一个重要前提,水-岩反应一直以来都是矿床学的重要研究内容,亦是国际地学界的前沿问题。该过程伴随着同位素的交换,使流体和岩石的同位素组成发生变化。硼和锂同位素作为非传统的稳定同位素示踪工具,常用于限定流体和岩石的热液反应过程。本文对水-岩反应过程中影响硼和锂同位素分馏的因素作了较全面概述,包括温度、pH值、溶解过程、表面交换反应以及次生矿物的沉淀过程,并取得了一些主要认识:(1)一般地,低温或者高pH值时流体更快速富集11B并且在反应结束时有更高的δ11B值;低温(150℃)时锂进入次生矿物中,高温(200℃)时锂从岩石中萃取出来。(2)初始物质的溶解过程与表面交换反应对锂同位的分馏几乎没有影响。(3)一般而言,次生矿物的形成使7Li优先丢失进入溶液而富集重同位素。最后简单陈述了水-岩反应过程中硼和锂同位素组成的质量平衡模拟计算以及反映流体和岩石的同位素组成的变化。  相似文献   

7.
大别山中生代侵入岩氧同位素结果表明它们受到了岩浆期后亚固相水—岩相互作用的扰动。为了确定水—岩交换过程中的有关参数,本文利用交换反应动力学模型分别对大别山中生代主簿源、天柱山和团岭花岗岩以及沙村和椒子岩辉长岩矿物—水氧同位素交换反应动力学进行了定量计算,并估计了水—岩反应有效时限、流体流动速率和水/岩值。多维矿物相—水氧同位素交换反应动力学定量模拟结果表明,大别山主簿源、天柱山和团岭花岗岩岩浆期后亚固相水-岩反应的有效时限约为0.3~3 Ma,流体流动速率约为1×10-15~3×10-14mol/s,水/岩值为0.27~0.78;沙村和椒子岩辉长岩岩浆期后亚固相水-岩反应的有效时限约为0.02~0.4 Ma,流体流动速率约为1.6×10-14~4.8×10-13mol/s,水/岩值为0.11~0.33。  相似文献   

8.
概述了同位素封闭体系内的矿物氧扩散和同位素交换机制及其在地质速率计上的应用。火成岩从高温冷却或变质岩从高峰主质温度冷却过程中,由于冷却速度不同,扩散作用导致的矿物晶体内部及晶粒间氧同位素再平衡也有所不同。通过实测岩石中各组成矿物氧同位素比值,模式含量和颗粒半径,据矿物氧扩散和同位素交换模型,可以估算出岩石的冷却速率。  相似文献   

9.
建立了一个综合的构造流体成矿体系的反应输运力学耦合动力学模型。利用有限元方法求解岩石变形、断裂作用和断裂网络统计动力学、流体流动、有机和无机地球化学反应及成岩成矿作用、压力溶液和其它压实力学、热迁移的方程组 ,可以对构造流体成矿体系的动力学演化过程进行 1~ 3维数值模拟。模拟的主要内容是在各种过程耦合作用下描述构造流体成矿体系的主要变量的时空演化 :( 1)与成矿流体的形成和性质有关的变量 ,如地层中矿物 (包括成矿物质 )的溶解速率、流体中各组分的浓度与饱和度、流体温度、压力、离子强度等 ;( 2 )与构造变形和流体运移有关的各变量 ,如应力与变形速率、岩石孔隙度、构造 (断裂 )渗透率等 ;( 3 )与沉淀成矿有关的变量 ,如矿物 (金属矿物和脉石矿物 )的成核速率、各矿物的沉淀量等 ;( 4 )上述各有关变量间的时空耦合关系 ,如断裂渗透率时空演化与流体流动、汇聚和成矿的耦合关系等。以湖南沃溪金锑钨矿床为例 ,应用该模型和方法对成矿动力学过程和动力学机制进行了初步的模拟与分析。  相似文献   

10.
稳定同位素交换反应动力学储雪蕾(中国科学院地质研究所100029)关键词稳定同位素地球化学,同位素交换反应,化学反应动力学稳定同位素(如氢、碳、氧和硫等)被广泛用于地学研究中,它们或作为示踪剂指示物质来源,或作为温度计用来讨论地质体形成温度或地质作用...  相似文献   

11.
Baumgartner and Rumble (1988) apply a kinetic continuum theory for stable isotope transport to unidimensional infiltration of fluid into rock. Their numerical applications are restricted to the simplified case of rapid isotope exchange between phases, where the sharp isotope fronts of pure advection are distended by dispersive mechanisms only. However, kinetic limitations of isotope exchange are potentially an equally important distending mechanism, and it will only rarely be possible to ascribe front gradients to diffusion/dispersion alone. Abrupt isotopic changes at vein boundaries are more often a secondary signal of lithologic change than the expression of a retarded advective front. At such boundaries, diffusion and dispersion play a role that is comparable to, or greater than, that of advection, so that the detailed shapes of isotope fronts depend upon boundary conditions for the infiltration process. Zerodimensional box models have legitimate, if limited, uses in the modelling of fluid-rock interaction, and are reexamined.  相似文献   

12.
介绍了近年来国外在研究压溶作用导致的变形岩石体积损失和变形过程中流体作用的主要成果。包括如下几方面:运用有限应变测量方法对压溶变形作用进行定量分析;不同变形域之间化学成分的分异,以及流体传质作用(masstransport)的规律;流体-岩石相互反应的显微构造、显微化学判据;运用稳定同位素体系研究流体、岩石反应的同位素平衡关系及变形变质过程中的水/岩比率。  相似文献   

13.
郑永飞  李一良 《地学前缘》1998,5(2):261-274
应用理论计算、实验测定和经验估计三种方法均能获取含固体矿物体系的氧同位素分馏系数,其中高温高压实验研究不仅能够得到物相之间的同位素平衡分馏系数,而且能够提供与同位素交换动力学和机理有关的信息。同位素分馏系数的实验校准方法已经由原来的两相体系(矿物H2O、矿物CO2和矿物CaCO3)交换发展为三相体系(CaCO3矿物流体)交换,化学合成、重结晶和矿物反应技术得到了进一步应用。本文评述了近十年来这一领域的研究进展,着重介绍了H2O、CO2和CaCO3作为交换介质进行氧同位素分馏系数校准的技术原理和结果,探讨了热液和碳酸盐交换实验结果不一致的原因。  相似文献   

14.
Crystallization of anatectic melts in high-temperature metamorphic terrains releases volatile-rich magmas that can be transported into adjacent lithologies. This study addresses the variations in the oxygen, boron and hydrogen isotopic composition of aplite-pegmatite dikes that formed during the crystallization of anatectic melts in regional high-temperature metamorphism on the island of Naxos, Greece, and propagated upward into the overlying sequences of metamorphic schist. The transport distance of these dikes was increased through a significant horizontal component of travel that was imposed by contemporaneous low-angle extensional shearing. Laser fluorination oxygen isotope analyses of quartz, tourmaline, garnet, and biotite mineral separates from the aplite-pegmatite dikes show a progressive rise in δ18O values with increasing distance from the core. Oxygen isotope fractionations among quartz, tourmaline, and garnet show temperature variations from > 700°C down to ∼400°C. This range is considered to reflect isotopic fractionation beginning with crystallization at high temperatures in water-undersaturated conditions and then evolving through lower temperature crystallization and retrograde sub-solidus exchange. Two processes are examined for the cause of the progressive increase in δ18O values: (1) heterogeneous δ18O sources and (2) fluid-rock exchange between the aplite/pegmatite magmas and their host rock. Although the former process cannot be ruled out, there is as yet no evidence in the exposed sequences on Naxos for the presence of a suitable high δ18O magma source. In contrast, a tendency for the δ18O of quartz in the aplite/pegmatite dikes to approach that of the quartz in the metamorphic rock suggests that fluid-rock exchange with the host rock may potentially be an important process. Advection of fluid into the magma is examined based on Darcian fluid flow into an initially water-undersaturated buoyantly propagating aplitic dike magma. It is shown that such advective flow could only account for part of the 18O-enrichment, unless it were amplified by repeated injection of magma pulses, fluid recycling, and deformation-assisted post-crystallization exchange. The mechanism is, however, adequate to account for hydrogen isotope equilibration between dike and host rock. In contrast, variations in the δ11B values of tourmalines suggest that 11B/10B fractionation during crystallization and/or magma degassing was the major control of boron geochemistry rather than fluid-rock interaction and that the boron isotopic system was decoupled from that of oxygen.  相似文献   

15.
In this paper, we present new isotopic (H, O) data of fluids in tourmalines from the large Sn deposit at Solnechnoye (Far East Russia). These data indicate that the deposit formed by fluid‐rock interactions in a hydrothermal system where the mineralizing fluid was mainly magmatic and to a lesser extent meteoric. This is in agreement with a magmatic fluid model. Our interpretation of the new isotopic data is consistent with earlier findings of the studies on fluid‐rock interactions that magmatic fluids form larger Sn deposits than exogenic fluids. We propose that isotopic (H, O) data of fluids in tourmaline, rather than those in quartz, muscovite, or chlorite, support robust interpretation on the nature of mineralizing fluids associated with Sn deposits.  相似文献   

16.
东营凹陷下第三系流体-岩石相互作用研究   总被引:38,自引:5,他引:33  
张枝焕  曾溅辉 《沉积学报》2000,18(4):560-566
盆地内地层流体-岩石相互作用导致储层特征和流体性质发生变化,影响油气藏的形成与分布。本文分析了东营凹陷下第三系地层孔隙流体的化学和动力学特征及其分布规律,根据地层中矿物的组成和结构特征对成岩过程中地层古流体的地球化学特征进行了推测。并通过对典型油田泥岩层和砂岩层中矿物组合及其在地层剖面上的变化规律的实例剖析,揭示了东营凹陷下第三系储层中流体-岩石相互作用的基本特点,在此基础上,建立储层中流体-岩石相互作用的地质/地球化学模型。  相似文献   

17.
碾子山晶洞碱性花岗岩矿物-水氧同位素交换反应动力学   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对黑龙江碾子山碱性花岗岩的全岩及其主要单矿物进行了氧同位素分析,结果表明,全岩和单矿物不仅δ^18O 值变化范围较大(全岩-2.4-2.0‰,石英0.0-5.8‰,碱性长石-3.8-0.1‰,磁铁矿-8.5-1.0‰),而且强烈亏损^18O。共生矿物之间表现出明显不平衡的氧同位素分馏特征,指示在花岗岩侵位之后与水之间发生了同位素交换,根据锆石和现代大气降水的氧同位素组成,对岩石与外来流体的δ^18O值进行了估计,多维矿水-岩反应时限约为0.3-3Ma,水/岩比(氧摩尔比)介于0.11-1.02之间。水-岩反应温度较高(约400度)和反应时间较长是导致石英δ^18O值降低的主要原因。  相似文献   

18.
结合岩体产出环境,时代及其与碧口火山岩的关系,认为铜厂石英闪长岩体是由碧口火山岩的局部熔融作用形成的。铜厂铜矿硫化物Pb同位素特征显示出以浅源的地壳铅为主,并与碧口火山岩铅同位素组成的壳源端员重合,指示矿质与碧田火山岩之间存在密切关系。由于岩体与火山岩的同源性,所以脉状铜矿石既可能来自岩体也可能来自围岩。  相似文献   

19.
矿床地球化学应用   总被引:37,自引:13,他引:37  
郑永飞 《矿床地质》2001,20(1):57-70,85
稳定同位素方法已成为现代地球科学研究的重要手段之一,稳定同位素体系的理论模式及其地球化学应用是国际上地球化学研究的前沿方向之一。本文概括了热液体系内成矿地球化学过程引起稳定同位素组成变化的定量理论模式,包括热液矿物之间的同位素平衡的判断、热液去气和矿物沉淀的储库效应、二元混合与矿床成因等。这些模型对于确定成矿温度、鉴定成矿流体源区和推测成矿地球化学机理提供了更为合理的同位素数据定量解释基础。  相似文献   

20.
Fluid inclusions and stable-isotope data of HP and UHP terrains from China and the European Alps are used to evaluate fluid-rock interactions during subduction and continental collision. The choice of the European Alps and China for a comparative study is compelling, because the rocks of the Alps exemplify subduction of a cold (mature) oceanic lithosphere, whereas those of China illustrate the responses of continental crust to subduction under relatively higher temperatures representative of the base of a thickened continental wedge. Our study demonstrates that there is no difference between the fluid-rock behavior of continental and oceanic crust during subduction and metamorphism. In both regions, there is evidence for the presence of a grain-boundary fluid phase during HP metamorphism. Recognition of grain- to hand specimen-scale chemical and isotopic heterogeneity attests to local buffering by mineral assemblages of fluid compositions. Assuming a one-dimensional fluid flow perpendicular to rock-layer contacts, we estimated fluid fluxes of 15 to 465 cm3/cm2 to as low as 1.6 cm3/cm2 in China and Alpine rocks, respectively. The values from China are to be considered as maxima because, in most cases, sampling was at a reconnaissance scale and does not permit evaluation of disequilibrium on a scale of one centimeter.

An important finding, characteristic of the entire range of conditions represented by these rocks, is the retention of recognizable vestiges of pre-subduction fluid-rock interactions, be they a geothermal system with a surface-exposure length scale on the order of 100 kilometers in continental rocks of China, or relics of high- and low-temperature hydrothermal alteration features in oceanic material of the Western Alps. A key issue arising from these results concerns the plausibility of transferring a slab component to the source of arc-magma genesis in a low fluid/rock regime. Possible scenarios are discussed in light of several recent innovative experiments that have dispelled some of the speculation obscuring our understanding of fluid-melt-rock interactions during HP and UHP metamorphism.  相似文献   

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