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1.
报道了1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(5,6-二甲基-1,2,4三氮唑)-三氮烯(NPDMTT)的合成及其与镉的显色反应研究.在表面活性剂OP的存在下,pH=11.0的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中,该试剂能与镉发生显色反应,镉与NPDMTT形成摩尔比为1∶3的黄色配合物,在455 nm处有一最大正吸收,在540 nm处有一最大负吸收.以455 nm为参比波长、540 nm为测量波长进行双波长测定,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.84×105 L·mol-1·cm-1,镉的浓度在0~520 μg/L符合比尔定律.用拟定方法测定废水中的微量镉,结果与原子吸收光谱法相符.  相似文献   

2.
杨晓慧  韩权  李海维 《岩矿测试》2008,27(2):113-116
基于Co(Ⅱ)、Pd(Ⅱ)与4-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯(5-NO2-PADAB)在不同酸度介质中显色的差异,建立了差减法同时测定钴和钯的方法。在室温下,Co(Ⅱ)与5-NO2-PADAB仅能在pH 6.2~8.0定量反应,钴配合物形成后即非常稳定,加酸酸化后,其最大吸收波长由518 nm红移至580 nm,且灵敏度显著提高;而在强酸性介质中仅Pd(Ⅱ)与5-NO2-PADAB能发生显色反应,其最大吸收波长位于586 nm。在586 nm处,钴、钯配合物吸光度具有良好的加和性,其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为1.28×105L.mol-1.cm-1和1.04×105L.mol-1.cm-1。钴、钯的浓度分别在0~0.48 mg/L和0~1.2 mg/L符合比尔定律。所拟方法已用于矿样中钴、钯的同时测定,结果与原子吸收法相符,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)分别为1.6%和1.0%。  相似文献   

3.
报道了新显色剂1-偶氮苯-3-(5-氯-2-吡啶)-三氮烯的合成及其与镍的显色反应。在pH10. 5的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中和表面活性剂OP存在下, 1-偶氮苯-3-(5-氯-2-吡啶)-三氮烯可与镍发生显色反应,生成3∶1的红色配合物,据此建立了分光光度法测定镍的方法。配合物的最大吸收峰位于540nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数为1. 62×105 L·mol-1·cm-1。Ni2+的质量浓度在0~480μg/L符合比尔定律。用拟定方法测定合金中的微量镍,结果与标准值相符, 6次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD) <2%。  相似文献   

4.
胡浩  宗烨 《岩矿测试》1995,(3):193-195
铅-铁-三溴偶氮胂-邻菲罗啉共显色反应是由于生成多核络合物所致,在实验条件下,5min显色反应完成,吸光度至少稳定6h,其最大吸收峰在630nm处,对Pb的表观摩尔吸光系数为9.2×10 ̄4L·mol ̄(-1)·cm ̄(-1),符合比尔定律的浓度范围是0~0.32μg/mlPb。方法灵敏度高、选择性好,已成功地应用于硫铁矿和工业废水中痕量Pb的测定。  相似文献   

5.
张春牛  郑云法 《岩矿测试》2006,25(3):249-251
报道了1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(3-硝基-5-氯吡啶)三氮烯(NPNCPDT)的合成及其与锌的显色反应研究。在Triton X-100存在下,pH 10.5的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中,该试剂能与锌发生显色反应,锌与NPNCPDT形成摩尔比为1∶2的黄色配合物,在450 nm处有一最大正吸收,540 nm处有一最大负吸收。以450 nm为参比波长、540 nm为测量波长进行双波长测定,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.50×105L.mol-1.cm-1。锌量在0~480μg/L符合比尔定律。用拟定方法测定人发中的微量锌,方法精密度小于2.5%(RSD,n=6)。  相似文献   

6.
循环水及污水中总磷的国家标准方法是用分光光度法测定,当样品中有机磷含量高时,分解易碳化,操作繁琐,分析误差大.本文应用磷钼黄显色示差分光光度技术测定某钢厂循环管道除垢污水中的总磷,通过正交实验确立了采用硝酸-高氯酸消解样品,将样品中聚磷酸盐、有机磷酸盐转化为正磷酸盐,在硝酸溶液中,正磷酸盐与钒钼酸铵作用生成可溶性黄色磷钒钼酸配合物,基于其颜色强度与磷的浓度成正比测定高浓度磷的含量.实验对使用的氧化剂用量、溶解温度、显色条件、测定波长进行优化,结果表明,磷含量在10.0 ~ 40.0 mg/L范围符合朗伯-比尔定律,方法精密度(RSD)<1.0%(n=5),加标回收率为98.8%~105.0%.建立的示差光度法比一般光度法相对误差小,准确度更高;与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法的测定结果基本吻合,且测定成本更低.  相似文献   

7.
陈凯  刘菲  杨梓涵  向鑫 《岩矿测试》2023,(2):271-281
原位化学氧化(ISCO)修复技术由于修复周期短、效率高等特点已被广泛应用于土壤和地下水的有机污染修复。ISCO修复中所需的氧化剂的剂量通常用氧化剂需求量来衡量,在实际应用过程中,使用的氧化剂剂量过多或过少均会产生一定的负面影响。因此,氧化剂需求量的准确测算对于获得良好的工程修复效益具有重要意义。本文在对氧化剂需求量的组成及定义进行梳理、统一的基础上,重点综述了相关测算方法的原理和应用现状。ISCO修复中总氧化剂需求量(TOD)的组成包括污染物氧化剂需求量(POD)、天然氧化剂需求量(NOD)和氧化剂分解量(DEO)。NOD和DEO的存在为有机污染物有效的修复降解和TOD的准确测算带来了挑战。氧化剂需求量的测算方法可以分为实验法和化学计量模型法两大类,实验法又可以分为批实验法、柱实验法、注抽实验法和反应动力学模型法,批实验法的是目前应用目前较为最为广泛。在实验法中,同一样品的不同时间点获得的氧化剂需求量差距可以达到37%,因此应把污染物浓度在氧化作用下降低到目标限值所需要的时间作为氧化剂需求量的测定时间,并且为了更为精准地提供氧化剂需求量,有必要使用带有测试条件的表达方式来进行表示。目前...  相似文献   

8.
陈展光  陈同森 《岩矿测试》1993,12(4):273-276
系统地研究了二溴羟基苯基萤光酮在不同表面活性剂存在下与Ge的显色反应。在0.2-2.0mol/L的H2SO4介质中,显色反应灵敏度高(ε518=1.41×10^5)、显色速度快且至少稳定24h,干扰少,Ge量在0-500ng/ml范围内符合比耳定律,经应用于矿石中痕量Ge的直接测定,证明方法可行。  相似文献   

9.
合成了新的杂环偶氮变色酸类试剂--2-[2'-(6-甲氧基-苯并噻唑)-偶氮]-1,8-二羟基萘-3,6-二磺酸,并系统探讨了在pH 4.5的邻苯二甲酸氢钾-NaOH介质中显色试剂与钛的显色反应特性.结果表明,在溴化十六烷基吡啶存在下,试剂与Ti(Ⅳ)形成2:1的络合物,显色反应15 min完全并至少稳定4 h,最大吸收波长为670 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数达1.67×105 L.mol-1.cm-1,钛的质量浓度在0~400 μg/L时符合比尔定律.用拟定的方法测定了硅砖等标准物质中的Ti(Ⅳ),所得结果与标准值的相对误差均小于4%,RSD(n=5)小于3.5%.  相似文献   

10.
β修正新光度法测定环境水中银   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
郜洪文 《矿物岩石》1994,14(4):98-100
在酸性介质中,银(Ⅰ)与碘化钾和丁基罗丹明B(BRB)反应、显色液由红色变紫色.本文研究β修正光度法定量痕量银,该方法能消除显色体系中过量BRB干扰,提高分析准确度和精密度。25ml溶液中,银在0─1μg/ml浓度范围内遵循Lambert-Beer定律。样品分析表明,银最低测定量0.04mg/L,加标回收率95.3─106%。  相似文献   

11.
Pyrite oxidation: a state-of-the-art assessment of the reaction mechanism   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The oxidation of pyrite to release ferrous iron and sulfate ions to solution involves the transfer of seven electrons from each sulfur atom in the mineral to an aqueous oxidant. Because only one or, at most, two electrons can be transferred at a time, the overall oxidation process is quite complex. Furthermore, pyrite is a semiconductor, so the electrons are transferred from sulfur atoms at an anodic site, where oxygen atoms from water molecules attach to the sulfur atoms to form sulfoxy species, through the crystal to cathodic Fe(II) sites, where they are acquired by the oxidant species. The reaction at the cathodic sites is the rate-determining step for the overall process. This paper maps out the most important steps in this overall process.  相似文献   

12.
Application of advanced oxidation process for wastewater treatment has gained more attention recently. In this study, the efficiency of coagulation–flocculation pretreatment coupled with sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation process (SR-AOP) in the removal and mineralization of organic matter of sugarcane vinasse was evaluated. For coagulation–flocculation, jar-test experiment was carried out with ferric chloride as coagulant and the removal of TOC, color and UV254 was determined. The results revealed that by using 15 g/L of coagulant, 70 % of TOC removal and nearly 100 % of UV254 and color removal were achieved. The pretreated vinasse was then subjected to SR-AOP. In this study, sulfate radical was generated using persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated by Fe(II). The effect of reaction time, oxidants to Fe(II) ratio and pH on the TOC removal efficiency were investigated. For the effect of reaction time, the TOC removal was found to increase significantly for the first 5 min. TOC removal was found to increase with increasing concentration of Fe(II) for PMS. However, for Fe(II)/PS, the TOC removal efficiency was decreased with increasing Fe(II) concentration. Both Fe(II)/PMS and Fe(II)/PS showed the highest TOC removal efficiency when the oxidation was carried out at pH 7. By using the selected optimum condition, nearly 70 and 49 % of TOC removal were achieved for PMS/Fe(II) and PS/Fe(II), respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that SR-AOP can be a promising alternative method for TOC removal from sugarcane vinasse.  相似文献   

13.
Mechanism and kinetics of hydrothermal replacement of magnetite by hematite   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
The replacement of magnetite by hematite was studied through a series of experiments under mild hydrothermal conditions(140 -220℃, vapour saturated pressures) to quantify the kinetics of the transformation and the relative effects of redox and non-redox processes on the transformation. The results indicate that oxygen is not an essential factor in the replacement reaction of magnetite by hematite, but the addition of excess oxidant does trigger the oxidation reaction, and increases the kinetics of the transformation. However, even under high O_2(aq) environments, some of the replacement still occurred via Fe2+ leaching from magnetite. The kinetics of the replacement reaction depends upon temperature and solution parameters such as pH and the concentrations of ligands, all of which are factors that control the solubility of magnetite and affect the transport of Fe2+ (and the oxidant) to and from the reaction front. Reaction rates are fast at ~200℃, and in nature transport properties of Fe and,in the case of the redox-controlled replacement, the oxidant will be the rate-limiting control on the reaction progress. Using an Avrami treatment of the kinetic data and the Arrhenius equation, the activation energy for the transformation under non-redox conditions was calculated to be 26 ± 6 kJ mol-1.This value is in agreement with the reported activation energy for the dissolution of magnetite, which is the rate-limiting process for the transformation under non-redox conditions.  相似文献   

14.
刘滢  吴朝东  张顺 《地质科学》2012,47(1):139-153
通过颜色指数的方法对松辽盆地北部上白垩统地层颜色进行了统计分析,将地层颜色变化特征与古气候、介形虫演化、古地貌恢复和物源分析等方面的研究证据进行对比,得到了地层颜色变化的影响因素。时间上,从上白垩统青山口组底部至嫩江组四段顶部存在两个明显的颜色变化旋回,主要受气候变化的影响,从嫩江组五段底部至明水组地层颜色表现为复杂频繁的突变特征,受强烈构造活动的作用。空间上,嫩江组三、四段氧化色地层主要分布于盆地东部、东北部,主要受沉积体系分布控制,证实了松辽盆地北部嫩江组三段主物源来自东部、东北部,及嫩三段至嫩四段主物源转向北部的变化。分析得出地层的颜色指数主要受沉积介质浓度和水体扰动情况两个因素作用,可以有效地反映所在时间和空间内的沉积环境变化,可在区域性研究中替代孟塞尔颜色标定法,为古气候、盆地沉积演化和古地貌恢复的分析提供证据。  相似文献   

15.
Aquatic fulvic acid, isolated from a North Carolina bay lake, was reacted with ozone, an alternative oxidant in drinking water treatment. Ozonated samples were acidified, extracted with ether, dried, concentrated, and methylated prior to GC-MS analysis. Identified reaation products include mono-, di- and tribasic aliphatic acids and benzene tricarboxylic acids. The products with the highest relative concentrations were succinic and malonic acid, although all products were at relatively low concentration levels. Many of the products identified in this study have also been seen among the reaction products of fulvic acid and other oxidants, such as Cl2, CIO2 and KMnO4.  相似文献   

16.
通过尾矿砂微波加热硫酸溶解新方法的实验,研究了硫酸浓度、液固比及反应时间等因素对尾矿砂酸蚀率的影响。结果显示,在无需搅拌的情况下,微波加热实验的最佳条件酸浓度5mol/L、液固比5.0mL/g都较传统水热法有优势,在反应时间上,微波加热15min就能达到传统水热法2~3h的效果。在酸蚀率相同的情况下,微波加热所用时间仅为传统水热法的1/6,而所用的酸浓度、液固比都较传统水热法小很多。先对尾矿砂直接微波辐照一段时间,然后再加入硫酸进行微波辐照加热溶解,能够促进尾矿砂的溶解,提高尾矿砂的酸蚀率。微波加热条件下,尾矿砂在硫酸浓度8mol/L、液固比5.0mL/g条件下无需搅拌,反应1h后,除透闪石没有完全溶解外,绝大部分的矿物被溶解。与传统加热方式相比,微波加热可显著提高尾矿砂酸溶解速率。  相似文献   

17.
Laboratory experiments were carried out to acquire more insight and understanding of the phenomena associated with the in-situ arsenic remediation. Visualization techniques are the most informative for the detection of Fe(II) while flowing in soils. Green Rust (GR) was considered as representative of in-situ iron precipitates. In a visualization flat cell, the change in color of GR to orange, due to oxidation, was monitored by a digital camera and the images were analyzed giving the spatial and temporal distribution of Fe(II). Moreover, both oxygen and pH changes in time were recorded in two sections along the flow direction in the cell. The measured and calculated concentration profiles were compared and the actual reaction rates were predicted. The reaction rate constants measured in this study, under flowing conditions, are in a good agreement with the values obtained from batch experiments reported in the literature.  相似文献   

18.
通过对取自MBR膜生物反应器中的活性污泥加入菲进行富集培养、驯化,分离、纯化出一株能以菲为唯一碳源和能源的短杆状革兰氏阴性菌J-1,细菌长2~5μm,宽1~3μm;研究了初始底物浓度、温度、pH对菌株J-1降解菲的影响,探讨了菌株J-1胞内酶对菲降解的底物抑制动力学。试验表明:菌株J-1在48h内能将不同浓度菲的水溶液中的菲完全降解;菲浓度增加,达到完全降解的时间延长。温度对细菌的降解能力影响较大,菌株J-1对菲降解的最佳温度为28℃。1.15mg·L-1的菲,28℃时48h内能完全降解,而相同时间内10℃时的降解率仅为36.65%。菌株J-1对pH的波动具有一定的适应性,pH在一定范围内(6.0~8.4)变化对菲降解的影响不大,降解反应的最佳pH为7.2。菌株J-1对菲的降解符合一级动力学反应方程。较高的底物浓度对酶促降解反应具有抑制作用,酶促反应的最大速率常数vm=1.17mg·L-1·h-1,米氏常数Km=61.70mg·L-1;底物抑制常数kS=49.60mg·L-1;最佳底物浓度[S]opt=55.32mg·L-1。  相似文献   

19.
低温条件下柠檬酸对岩石中铜的淋滤实验研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
张海祥  王玉荣 《地球化学》1996,25(6):609-613
根据有机质在层控矿床中普遍存在的事实,本文用柠檬酸在低温条件下对四川彭县马松岭铜矿的变质泥灰岩进行了铜的淋滤实验研究。结果发现,在低温条件下,岩石中的铜在较短的反应时间内就有较高的淋滤率,说明有机质在低温成岩成矿作用中起着很重要的作用。而且岩石中铜的淋滤率随反应时间的增长,柠檬酸浓度及反应水岩比值的增加均明显增大。  相似文献   

20.
张水昌  朱光有  何坤 《岩石学报》2011,27(3):809-826
硫酸盐热化学还原作用(Thermochemical sulfate reduction, TSR)是发生在油气藏中复杂的有机-无机相互作用,它不仅会引起含H2S天然气的富集,其产生的酸性气体对碳酸盐岩储层还具有明显的溶蚀改造作用。本文基于黄金管热模拟实验,研究了TSR反应对原油裂解气的生成的影响,发现这种氧化还原反应的存在能明显降低原油的稳定性,促进具高干燥系数的含H2S天然气的生成。结合原位激光拉曼实验结果,证实了实际油藏中启动TSR反应的最可行的氧化剂应该是硫酸盐接触离子对(CIP)。全面探讨了影响TSR反应的地质和地球化学因素,提出除了初始原油的组分特征、不稳定含硫化合物(LSC)的含量外,地层水的含盐类型及盐度同样是控制TSR反应的关键因素。同时,基于大量地质分析,发现TSR对碳酸盐岩储层具有明显的溶蚀改造作用。结合溶蚀模拟实验,提出了酸性流体对碳酸盐储层溶蚀改造的机制,且深层碳酸盐岩层存在一个由TSR作用形成的次生孔隙发育带。研究认为,烃类与硫酸盐矿物的氧化还原反应与其产物对碳酸盐岩储层的改造是TSR作用的两个不可分割的部分,它们相互依存和制约。  相似文献   

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