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罗布泊是世界最大干盐湖之一,罗布泊超大型钾盐矿床从1995年发现至今,经历了找钾远景预测、勘查、系统科学研究、扩大找矿及开发利用快速推进的过程,浅部(200m以浅)钾盐资源量已基本查明,但没有一个穿透第四系的较深地质科学钻井。通过区域气候条件、盐类矿物分布、碎屑岩层储卤等方面与柴达木盆地西部的对比分析以及罗布泊地堑式断陷带储卤的发现,提出罗布泊深部具有钾盐成矿远景。在罗布泊罗北凹地西北部实施盐湖深部钾盐找矿第一深井(LDK01井),首次发现钾芒硝、钾锶矾、红钾铁盐等盐类矿物;在深部地层碎屑岩层中发现钾盐矿物钾石盐、光卤石等,地层中KCl含量高达2.86%,揭示地层深部存在低品位固体钾矿,确定为一种新类型钾矿,即碎屑岩型钾矿,为罗布泊深部钾盐找矿拓展了方向和空间;深层碎屑岩地层储集卤水,卤水KCl平均品位1.50%,揭示出罗布泊盐湖深部存在富钾卤水。重力探测发现罗布泊盆地西部发育次级凹地,初步确定凹地中心第四系沉积厚度大于1200m。结合地质分析,预测库鲁克塔格山前断陷盆地和罗北盆地为进一步寻找深部隐伏钾盐矿床的重要靶区。综合遥感、物探、物性特征等资料及研究成果,估算罗北凹地深部钾盐预测资源量为1.60×108t,并提出罗北凹地西部及附近区域的深部地层中还蕴藏有丰富的钾盐资源,罗布泊深部找钾潜力巨大。该成果对深化认识罗布泊盐湖的形成演化及满足钾肥生产企业大规模开发均具有重要意义。 相似文献
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根据地下水运动的一般规律，阐述了罗布泊盐湖钙芒硝储卤层及富钾卤水的特性，并讨论了该卤水层的变化特性。在罗布泊干盐湖区采用^14C测年技术、人工放射性同位素技术和化学示踪技术，研究晶间卤水循环速率、卤水渗流方向及渗透流速与实际流速，揭示罗布泊盐湖晶间卤水处于缓慢的流动及交替状态。探讨了新构造活动、古气候变化、地层静压力作用、深部地层水及大气降水补给作用等因素对罗布泊盐湖晶间卤水运动的控制和影响，提出了晶间卤水的运动模式。 相似文献
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罗布泊断陷带内形成富钾卤水机理研究 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
罗布泊干盐湖位于新疆塔里木盆地东部。1995年以来,在罗布泊发现了超大型规模钾盐矿床,钾盐资源主要赋存于罗北凹地等盐系地层中。近年来调查发现,在罗布泊分布有地堑式张性断陷带,不仅控制成钾凹地的形成,其本身也储集卤水,蕴藏有一定规模的卤水钾盐资源。地球物理（EH-4）测量显示,断陷带深达1 000 m处有卤水存在的信息;断陷带内钻孔卤水化学分析结果揭示,下部卤水比重高于上部,卤水中氯化钾含量也呈“下高上低”的态势,这与盐湖蒸发析盐序列不一致或正相反。文章认为,卤水垂向对流是导致卤水化学特征垂向分异的机理,即,在罗布泊盐湖演化过程中,断陷带内出现较小规模的洼地或盐湖,湖表水蒸发浓缩形成卤水,上部卤水比重不断增加,并沿张性断裂逐渐向下部或深部流动、渗透,形成了卤水的对流;由于罗布泊地堑式断陷带长达30～50 km,向下延长深度可达1 000 m,这些都说明罗布泊断陷带内可以形成和储集一定规模的富钾卤水,它们应该成为今后罗布泊盐湖钾盐资源扩大找矿的新空间。 相似文献
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罗布泊干盐湖位于新疆塔里木盆地东部。1995年以来,在罗布泊发现了超大型规模卤水钾盐矿床,卤水钾盐资源主要赋存于罗北凹地等盐系地层中。近年来调查发现,罗布泊分布有地堑式张性断陷带,不仅控制成钾凹地的形成,其本身也蕴藏有一定规模的固体钾盐资源。地球物理(EH-4)测量显示,断陷带深达1 000 m。在罗布泊盐湖演化过程中,断陷带内出现较小规模的洼地或盐湖,湖表水蒸发浓缩形成卤水,由于罗布泊地堑式断陷带长达30~50 km,向下延长深度可达1000 m,说明罗布泊断陷带内可以形成和储集一定规模的固体钾盐矿,成为今后罗布泊盐湖钾资源扩大找矿的新空间。 相似文献
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文章对罗布泊盐湖区杂卤石、光卤石、钾盐镁矾等不同类型固体钾盐矿物特征、分布及成因进行了分析总结。杂卤石主要产于罗北凹地内部沉降区,以交代成因类型为主,代表了以硫酸盐型卤水为主体的罗布泊盐湖残余卤水钾镁富集到一定程度与石膏、钙芒硝发生水-盐反应的产物。光卤石沉积主要产于断陷带（近）地表,为深部氯化物型卤水经断裂向上运移至地表、与浅部卤水掺杂经蒸发浓缩而成。钾盐镁矾主要产于南小团地区,其形成可能与凹陷基底反转、罗北凹地高浓度卤水回灌有关。罗布泊盐湖区不同类型的固体钾盐沉积是构造-物源-气候3种成钾要素在特定时间窗下耦合的产物：在干旱气候条件下,构造活动一方面导致盆地地貌分异形成更加封闭的成钾次级凹地,为钾盐沉积提供可容纳空间;另一方面活化断裂为深部流体补给盐湖提供通道,为钾盐沉积提供不同类型的物质来源,改变盐湖卤水化学组成最终形成不同类型钾盐矿物。 相似文献
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野外调查发现，新疆罗布泊罗北凹地等干盐湖地表分布有众多的流体上升或上涌通道，其形状特征呈“垂直的孔洞”、“泥火山口”、“枣状小坑”及“粘附沙丘”等。研究认为，地下卤水流体过去和现在正是通过这些通道上升，至地表排泄或进入盐湖水体及沉积物中；这些地下流体主要源于深部地层水和大气循环水等；上升流体补给罗布泊的罗北凹地等次级盐湖，为钾盐成矿提供重要的物质基础，并导致钙芒硝的大量沉积，促进了盐类沉积物的成岩过程。同时，上升流体的补给还在罗布泊盐湖区近地表处产生了固体钾盐矿的沉积。 相似文献
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WANG Mili LIU Chenglin JIAO Pengcheng YANG Zhichen Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Baiwanzhuang Ro Beijing Department of Environment Physical Geography School of Environment Peking University Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(1):53-65
Located in the eastern part of the Tarim basin, Xinjiang, the Lop Nur was an ultimate water catchment area of the Tarim basin during the Quaternary. Through nearly ten years of investigation and research, the authors have found a superlarge brine potash deposit in the Luobei subbasitv—a secondary basin of the Lop Nur depression. The deposit has been mined now. On that basis, the authors propose new theories on the genesis of the potash rock deposit. In the tectonic and geomorphologic contexts, the Tarim basin lies in a “high mountain-deep basin” environment. At the beginning of the Quaternary, influenced by the neotectonic movement, the Lop Nur evolved into a “deep basin” in the Tarim basin. At the end of the middle Pleistocene, neotectonic migration began to take place in the interior of the Lop Nur and a new secondary deep basin—the Luobei subbasin—formed gradually. Despite its small area, it is actually the deepest subbasin in the Lop Nur depression, where brines of the Lop Nur Salt Lake gather and evaporate, thus providing materials for the formation of a superlarge brine potash rock deposit. With respect to the phenomenon of brine concentration and change with deepening of the lake, the authors propose a model of “high mountain-deep basin” tectonic migration for potash concentration. In the sedimentological context, the honeycomb-shaped voids developed in glauberite rock in the subbasin are good space for potash-rich brine accumulation. Study indicates that the deposition of glauberite requires recharge of calcium-rich water.In the Tarim area the calcium-rich water might come from deep formation water or oilfield water, and the river water recharging the Lop Nur Salt Lake was rich in sulfate radicals and other components; in addition, the climate in the area was very dry and the brine evaporated steadily, thus resulting in deposition of substantial amount of glauberite, potash accumulation in intercrystal brine and final formation of the potash deposit. Generally, potash formation in a salt lake undergoes a three-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)→chlorides (halite etc.)”, but in the study area there only occurred a two-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)”. The authors call this new geological phenomenon the “two-stage potash formation” model. In conclusion, the superlarge Lop Nur potash deposit is the result of combined “high mountain-deep basin” tectonism and “two-stage potash formation”. 相似文献
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罗布泊盐湖富钾卤水成因再探讨——碎屑层卤水蒸发实验分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
罗布泊盐湖钙芒硝岩孔隙中蕴藏有超大型规模的卤水钾矿,富钾卤水成因一直备受关注。罗北凹地从统一的罗布泊大湖区中分隔出来后,成盐过程中其湖水仍以南部大湖的补给为主,罗北凹地卤水化学演化与"大耳朵"湖水密切相关。"大耳朵"湖区含石膏碎屑层普遍储藏有卤水,应该是罗北凹地盐湖的"源卤水",钾离子(ρ(K~+)为3.12 g/L左右)已初步富集,平均矿化度为198.83 g/L。为了查明该卤水的化学演化趋势及析盐序列,笔者于2009年、2010年两次采集了大量卤水样品,分别进行室内等温蒸发和自然蒸发实验。蒸发实验结果表明:随着卤水浓缩首先析出(硬)石膏,随后析出大量石盐,最后出现少量钾石盐和光卤石,与EQL/EVP卤水蒸发模型模拟结果相似。将碎屑层卤水蒸发过程中化学组成变化与罗北凹地卤水进行对比,结果显示罗布泊古湖水蒸发至石膏沉积之后,在罗北凹地水化学组成明显发生变化,没有大量石盐沉积,而以钙芒硝沉积为主。推测应是受到深部"富钙水"的持续补给,而"大耳朵"湖起到"预备盆地"的作用,罗布泊古湖水经"大耳朵"湖蒸发浓缩后,钾离子得到初步富集,在流入罗北凹地后与深部"富钙"水混合,强烈蒸发浓缩,大量钙芒硝矿物析出,最后形成富钾卤水。 相似文献
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LIU Chenglin JIAO Pengcheng Lü Fenglin WANG Yongzhi SUN Xiaohong ZHANG Hu WANG Licheng YAO Fojun 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(6):2030-2047
Potash deposits commonly accumulate in highly restricted settings at the final stage of brine evaporation. This does not mean that potash deposits are formed simply as a result of the evaporation concentration of seawater or lake water, but rather as a coupling result of particular provenance, tectonics and climate activities. In this paper, we focus on the formative mechanism of the potash deposits of Lop Nur depression in Tarim Basin to interpret the detailed coupling mechanism among provenance, tectonics and climate. In terms of the provenance of Lop Nur Lake, the water of the Tarim River which displays “potassium-rich” characteristics play an important role. In addition, the Pliocene and Lower-Middle Pleistocene clastic beds surrounding Lop Nur Lake host a certain amount of soluble potassium and thus serves as “source beds” for potash formation. During the late Pliocene, the Lop Nur region has declined and evolved into a great lake from the previous piedmont and diluvial fan area. Since the mid Pleistocene, the great-united Lop Nur Lake has been separated and has generated a chain system consisting of Taitema Lake, Big Ear Lake and Luobei Lake which has turned into the deepest sag in Lop Nur Lake. Dry climate in Lop Nur region has increased since the Pliocene, and became extreme at the late Pleistocene. The study implies that potash formation in Lop Nur Lake depends on the optimal combination of extreme components of provenance, tectonics and climate during a shorter-term period. The optimal patterns of three factors are generally characterized by the long-term accumulation and preliminary enrichment of potassium, the occurrence of the deepest sub-depression and the appearance of an extremely arid climate in Lop Nur region. These factors have been interacting synergistically since the forming of the saline lake and in the later stages strong “vapor extraction” caused by extremely arid climate is needed to trigger large scale mineralization of potash deposits. 相似文献
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罗布泊位于塔里木盆地东端,地处欧亚大陆深腹地,罗北凹地则是罗布泊东北部的一个次级凹地。通过对罗北凹地LDK01深孔沉积物粒度、磁化率和地球化学的分析,并结合沉积物的岩性、盐类矿物形态特征和和组合类型、构造背景,对罗布泊地区第四纪成钾环境的阶段性变化规律进行探讨。研究表明,罗布泊地区早更新世以来依次发育了河流相、三角洲相、湖泊相-风成相等沉积体系,并呈现出明显快速的湖相推进和退缩交替的频繁变化,指示盐湖演化是干湿气候周期变化和湖盆周围山区淡水周期补给共同作用结果。第四纪时期罗北凹地发展并最终形成塔里木"高山深盆"中最深的次级凹地地貌,这是青藏高原隆升导致的向北挤压的必然结果,大地构造和环境的变化直接控制了罗布泊盐湖的构造演化和沉积体系的转变。罗布泊盐湖的演化大致可分为三个阶段:第一阶段为断陷阶段,早更新世以来主要沉积淡水河流湖泊相陆源碎屑物;第二阶段为坳陷阶段,中更新世中期发育膏岩湖相,以石膏等硫酸盐析出为主要特征;第三阶段为萎缩阶段,进入晚更新世,大量盐湖相钙芒硝沉积至全新世时期石盐等氯化物析出;上述三个阶段构成一个完整蒸发沉积构造旋回并于最终阶段中形成了超大型的钾盐矿床。 相似文献
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采用岩石薄片鉴定、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜以及元素地球化学等分析测试手段,对罗布泊盐湖罗北凹地杂卤石的沉积和分布特征进行了研究。结果显示,罗北凹地杂卤石主要发育于含盐系中上部,或以质地较纯的层状杂卤石岩产出,或与钙芒硝/石盐/白钠镁矾共同产出。杂卤石有交代和原生两种成因类型：前者是罗北凹地杂卤石产出的主要类型,是罗布泊硫酸盐型盐湖自身蒸发析出产物,在盐湖演化中后期交代钙芒硝或者石膏形成;后者可能为富钙卤水补给富钾镁盐湖形成。罗北凹地杂卤石的分布具有在南北方向上南厚北薄、在东西方向上中间厚两侧薄的特点,对应的KCl含量也同样具有南高北低、中间高两侧低的特点,它们的分布特征明显受控于区域构造活动,构造导致的沉降区有利于杂卤石聚集成矿。本区杂卤石矿埋藏浅、规模较大,可作为后备钾盐资源。 相似文献
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Features and Formation Mechanism of Faults and Potash-forming Effect in the Lop Nur Salt Lake, Xinjiang, China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
LIU Chenglin WANG Mili JIAO Pengcheng LI Shude CHEN Yongzhi School of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(6):936-943
1 Introduction The Lop Nur Salt Lake, located in the eastern part of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China, has become a playa in the Quaternary. It is under the jurisdiction of Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang, being ~450 km east of Korla City, the capital of the Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture (Fig. 1), and 300 km south of the seat of Shanshan County. The geographic coordinates are 90o00'–91o30' E and 39o40'– 41o20' N. Field survey and drilling since 1995 have revealed an occurren… 相似文献
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罗布泊盐湖钾盐矿床分布规律及控制因素分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
罗布泊盐湖位于塔里木盆地东部, 是世界最大第四纪干盐湖之一。自中更新世以来, 罗布泊北部受到新构造运动影响, 一方面, 发生抬升活动; 另一方面, 产生地堑式断裂及次级盆地(凹地)。调查发现罗布泊的次级凹地及断陷带内蕴藏有钾盐矿床, 主要是卤水钾盐矿床; 这些钾盐矿床(或成钾凹地)的分布具有方向性和一定等间距性。罗布泊卤水钾矿, 除在罗北凹地外, 在其外围的较小凹地内也有分布, 表现为“卫星式”分布模式; 而在地堑式断裂带延伸的范围区内也出现卤水, 其分布表现为“含水墙”状模式。固体钾盐沉积于罗北凹地中心区及外围断陷带内, 其形态与展布方向也受到地堑式断裂控制, 其沉积模式有“浓缩中心式”和“构造洼地式”两种, 前者钾盐沉积区面积均较大, 钾矿面积占凹地面积近1/4, 而后者沉积区面积很小, 钾盐沉积基本分布于整个洼地内; 固体钾盐分布区形态主要呈“条带状”模式, 其长宽比值平均为3.58。除了构造应力作用外, 罗布泊凹陷的几何形态、面积与补给来源方向等亦对罗布泊钾盐矿床的分布有一定影响作用。掌握罗布泊钾盐矿床的分布规律及控制因素, 对于古代钾盐勘查具有重要参考价值。 相似文献