共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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天山公路由于其特殊的复杂地形、地质条件及降雨等因素,严重影响其正常通行.因此,借助于GIS新技术手段优势,建立一套适合于天山公路特殊区域的评价决策支持系统,就显得尤其重要.天山公路地质灾害评价与决策支持信息系统的建立,首先在详细分析天山公路地质病害原理的基础上,收集公路沿线已有的基础地理、地学等资料,对照实地工作成果和遥感成果,结合数据库及遥感图像处理技术,按数据库规则进行相应的综合、整理、筛选、归纳及转换,建立以ArcGIS为数据平台的多源信息数据库.然后基于ArcEngine平台,开发一套集基础数据的采集、存储、管理、检索、图形编辑、空间模型分析、线路区域稳定性评价、公路地质选线,以及三维可视化飞行成果图形生成及输出为一体的地质灾害评价与决策支持信息系统操作应用平台.系统整合不同类型的数据资料和多媒体信息,实现了基于三维的空间信息查询和分析功能,势必为国土资源和交通建设管理部门提供一种可靠的决策管理应用平台. 相似文献
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G217天山公路典型泥石流沟危险性评价研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
泥石流是新疆天山公路的主要地质灾害之一。在泥石流危险度评价模式的基础上,结合泥石流对公路的作用特点及危害程度,建立了天山公路泥石流危险度评价理论体系。此理论在天山公路泥石流危险度评价中得到了很好的验证。同时,此理论体系对公路泥石流危险度量化指标和分级评判标准,具有极大的使用价值。运用灰色关联法进行天山公路典型泥石流沟危险度计算后发现,其计算值离异程度小,可靠性强,结果较为理想。这些评价参数最终为泥石流病害治理提供了一个很好的指导。 相似文献
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陕北砂黄土区公路地质灾害及防治对策 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
中国西北黄土的颗粒组成具有明显的地带性分布规律，自NW向SE可依次划分为砂黄土带、典型黄土带和粘黄土带。黄土高原北部地质灾害综合调查表明，砂黄土区公路地质灾害的主要类型包括黄土边坡滑塌灾害、路堤裂陷灾害、路桥变形和冲蚀灾害等。根据试验测试分析结果，公路地质灾害的形成主要受黄土本身的物质组成、结构及力学性质控制，人类工程活动的盲目性是诱发地质灾害的重要因素。文章在砂黄土公路地质灾害特征分析的基础上，提出加强边坡防护和冲蚀灾害防治是公路地质灾害防治的两个基本途径，并给出了针对性的防治对策。这不仅对该地区的公路建设具有重要的指导作用，而且对其它生命线工程如铁路、输油气管道、渠道等也具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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泥石流是天山公路沿线发育最典型的地质灾害,是道路路基、路面、桥涵结构强烈的毁损动力。为了掌握泥石流运动变化规律,正确设置公路泥石流防治结构,提高防治结构防治公路泥石流病害的可靠性,作者开展了泥石流动力学研究。将泥石流体视为均匀介质,基于动量定理,建立了沟槽内泥石流体对沟槽土埂法向冲击力计算方法;基于土质力学、摩擦静力学原理建立了土埂稳定效应计算方法;创建了沟谷泥石流流通沟槽发生改道运动的判断标准。研究成果为合理设置公路泥石流防治结构提供了理论依据、增强了工程结构防治泥石流地质灾害的可靠性,进而提高了道路运输的安全性。 相似文献
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地质灾害风险区划是地质灾害风险管理与防治的有效手段之一，对于科学防治地质灾害具有重要意义。基于自然灾害风险理论，从致灾因子危险性，承灾体暴露性和脆弱性以及防灾减灾能力（恢复力）等入手，选取评价指标，构建省级地质灾害风险评价模型，对全省地质灾害进行风险区划。该模型在吉林省地质灾害风险区划中应用表明，评价结果合理，与野外调查情况吻合，可以为规划和地质灾害防治等工作提供依据。 相似文献
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介绍了地质灾害风险、风险评价模型等有关概念。针对贵州岩溶地区公路地质灾害现象严重的特点，在分析地质灾害危险性和受威胁对象易损性的基础上，建立公路地质灾害风险分析系统，并阐明该系统的设计思路及基本结构。 相似文献
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地质灾害治理工程后评价作为地质灾害防治工作的延续和完善,可有效规范地质灾害防治工程管理,为今后类似治理工程提供经验和借鉴。因此,开展地质灾害治理工程后评价体系的研究具有重要的现实意义和指导意义。目前地质灾害治理工程后评价的理论和方法体系还在初期的探索阶段,在借鉴其他领域后评价成功经验和方法的基础上,结合地质灾害治理工程的特点,本文对初步建立地质灾害治理工程后评价体系。 相似文献
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地质灾害区划评价的空间分析模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文从地质灾害区划的角度出发,基于GIS空间分析原理,建立了以评价地质灾害的发育强度、危害性、危险程度等为目的的空间分析模型系统,在内容上包括危害性评价模型、发育强度评价模型、发展趋势预测模型、危险程度预测评价模型、国土重要程度评价模型等个体.模型评价过程从单体地质灾害入手,采用多级评价方法,最终取得地质灾害危险程度预测评价成果.在建立完善的模型评价结构的基础上,作者进而给出了每一模型个体的评价因素和具体的评价参数,评价结果反映了地质灾害分布发育的区域规律,对预测防治具有重要的战略意义. 相似文献
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Mathematical Geosciences - 相似文献
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Methodology for geohazard assessment for hydropower projects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fjóla G. Sigtryggsdóttir Jónas Th. Snæbjörnsson Lars Grande Ragnar Sigbjörnsson 《Natural Hazards》2015,79(2):1299-1331
13.
Current methods of establishing suitable locations for onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) are inadequate, particularly in light of the numerous cases of onsite system failure and the resulting adverse consequences. The development of a soil suitability framework for assessing soil suitability for OWTS allows a more practical means of assessment. The use of multivariate statistical analysis techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multi-criteria decision aids of PROMETHEE and GAIA, enabled the identification of suitable soils for effluent renovation. The outcome of the multivariate analysis, together with soil permeability and drainage characteristics permitted the establishment of a framework for assessing soil suitability based on three main soil functions: (1) the ability of the soil to provide suitable effluent renovation, (2) the permeability of the soil, and (3) the soils drainage characteristics. The developed framework was subsequently applied to the research area, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, and the use of standard scoring functions were utilised to provide a scoring system to signify which soils were more suitable for effluent renovation processes. From the assessment, it was found that Chromosol and Kurosol soils provided the highest level of effluent renovation, closely followed by Ferrosol and Dermosol, Kandosol and Rudosol soil types. Tennosol and Podosol soil types were found to have a significantly lower suitability, with Hydrosol soils proving the least suitable for renovating effluent from OWTS. 相似文献
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我国海洋生态调查指南编制说明 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海洋生态调查的主要目的是了解海洋生态系统基本的群落结构和生态功能及其重要影响因素,掌握生态系统健康状况，把握其变化趋势。基于生态系统健康理论建立我国海洋生态调查的基本框架体系，编制了我国海洋生态调查指南。根据目前的技术设备、实用方法和经费限制，确定最能反映我国海洋生态系统特征的生态要素和评价内容，并规定了相应的调查和评价方法。与《海洋调查规范海洋生物调查》和《海洋监测规范》比较，该指南具有3个显著特点：①调查要素不仅包括海洋生物和海洋环境等自然要素，还包括人为活动要素，充分考虑我国近海生态系统的高强度开发利用的特点；②从生态系统的结构、功能和压力3个方面建立起海洋生态系统健康评价的核心框架体系；③提出生态压力的量化指标，定量评估人类活动对生态系统的压力。 相似文献
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Recent emergency flood situations at European rivers have revealed the demand for better and in-time information for citizens
in flood prone areas about flood development, as well as better coordination of resources and actions during pre-flood phases
and its critical stage. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a large potential to improve the situation. Decisions
may be supported by information about resources available at the region and national level, by information about means and
access to critical locations at the prevention as well as the evacuation phases, and by including citizens as well as managers
into one common information and communication process. The paper outlines the potential of ICT for these aspects. 相似文献
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湘南地区蕴藏着丰富的锡矿资源,锡及锡多金属矿矿床(点)分布广泛,类型复杂,它们的形成除与花岗质侵入岩体直接相关外,同时还受到区域地层和地质构造等因素的共同制约。通过对锡矿的地质背景、分布特征、矿床特征与矿化规律、矿床成因及找矿信息和标志的研究,把湘南地区锡矿的找矿归纳为:"划带、圈区、寻体、定位"的找矿模式,不仅从宏观上提出了或解决了锡矿找矿方向的问题,而且近几年来的地质找矿工作得到了实践应用,并取得了丰硕的找矿成果。 相似文献
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A new approach for calculating strain for particulate media 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Discrete element modelling is a viable alternative to conventional continuum‐based analysis for analysing problems involving localized deformations of particulate media. However, to aid in the interpretation of the results, it is useful to express the results of discrete element analyses in terms of the continuum parameters of stress and strain. A number of homogenization methods have been proposed to calculate strain in discrete systems; however, two significant limitations of these methods remain. First, none of these methods incorporate particle rotation effects satisfactorily, although significant particle rotation occurs in shear bands in both physical tests and numerical simulations of granular materials. Additionally, observations of the particle displacement fields in shear bands in granular materials indicate that the displacements within the localizations are erratic. Consequently, existing linear, local interpolation approaches produce substantial variations in the strain values calculated in adjacent elements in the region of localization, hindering clear visualization of the strain localization as it evolves. A new method of domain discretization for calculating strain is proposed. This method is capable of capturing particle rotation and employs a non‐local meshfree interpolation procedure capable of smoothing the erratic displacements in strain localizations, which better defines their evolution. The proposed method is validated for problems involving both two and three dimensions. A number of methods are compared with the proposed method and pertinent insights are made. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2014,(1):139-141
正1 AIM AND SCOPE GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS(GSF)is a bi-monthly international journal that publishes in English high quality original research articles and timely reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF aims to bridge innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and models related to various fields of research including petrology and geochemistry in understanding lithospheric architecture and mantle dynamics,global tectonics,economic geology and fuel exploration,geophysics,stratigraphy and paleontology with new 相似文献
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Length distributions from sedimentary bodies can be measured in outcrop. A common feature in many outcrops is the occurrence of partially exposed bodies, i.e., sedimentary bodies that are cut by either one or both edges of the outcrop. Ignoring these partials while establishing a length distribution leads to a bias toward the smaller length classes. This is because larger bodies have a larger probability to occur as partials than smaller bodies. We present a new method for estimating the expected complete length for a partially exposed feature, based on the theory of conditional probability. The method is demonstrated and tested on a sandstone outcrop exhibiting over 200 interbedded thin silt/shale streaks. It is shown that the method can significantly enlarge both the size and the representativeness of length distributions. 相似文献
20.
Qualitative geological acceptance criteria and quantitative seismological acceptance criteria for radioactive waste disposals are developed. The background material for the initiation of site selection and for its earthquake hazard assessment is discussed. The recent movements of the Earth's surface as well as the other mechanical properties of geological media, hydrological conditions of geological blocks, their groundwater chemistry, geochemical rheology, petrological analyses of rocks, etc., have to be taken into account. A new comprehensive integrated safety analysis of the final underground disposal of spent nuclear fuel has been underway in the Czech Republic since 1991. In accordance with these seismogeological acceptance criteria regions for building underground final radioactive waste disposals are singled out in the Czech Republic. 相似文献