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1.
污水处理系统中活性污泥细菌多样性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用分子生物学手段16S rDNA克隆文库方法对北京高碑店污水处理厂回流污泥中的细菌进行了多样性研究。结果表明,活性污泥系统中细菌群落具有高度多样性,所有克隆子分属5个不同的细菌类群,优势细菌类群为变形菌(proteobacteria),占克隆文库的76.7%;细菌类群优势依次为β-变形菌类群(β-proteobac-teria,占39.8%)、不可培养菌类群(uncultured bacteria,占22.33%)、γ-变形菌类群(γ-proteobacteria,占20.15%)、α-变形菌类群(α-proteobacteria,占6.79%)和δ-变形菌类群(δ-proteobacteria,占4.85%);活性污泥中起硝化作用的主要是亚硝化单胞菌(Nitrosomonas sp.,占1.94%)和硝化螺旋菌(uncultured Nitrospirae bacterium,占11.65%),由于这2种硝化菌自身生长缓慢,难以与异养细菌竞争,以致其在文库中的比例较低;而作为反硝化细菌的陶厄氏菌属在文库中的比例却高达27.18%,可见该活性污泥具有较强的反硝化能力;克隆文库中还发现了少量的玫瑰单胞菌属(占4.85%),推测它的存在和有机磷的降解有关。  相似文献   

2.
对广东共和稀土矿花岗岩风化岩风化壳剖面下不同深度的样品进行微生物培养,发现在0.2-12m深度范围的样品均有微生物存在,在0.2-3m深度范围微生物种类较多。微生物类型有细细菌(包括牙胞杆菌属、肠杆菌属、埃希氏菌属、产碱杆菌属等杆菌,奈瑟氏球菌属、葡萄球菌属等球菌以及梭状芽胞杆菌属厌氧菌)、真菌(包括曲霉属黑曲和黄曲、青霉属、毛霉属、酵母菌)和放线菌。利用风化壳中的各种微生物及其发酵产物对稀土矿样进行稀土浸出实验,并与蒸馏水和不加菌液的培养液作对比,实验结果表明:①混合微生物及其代谢产物浸矿,稀土元素的浸出量明显增加,浸泡液的pH值降低;②真菌类(毛霉属、酵母菌、曲霉属、青霉属)对稀土的浸出量最高,然后依次为发酵芽胞杆菌、葡萄球菌属、放线菌、发酵芽胞杆菌属;③细菌类对稀土的浸出作用主要与其代谢产物改变介质的pH值有关;而真菌类对稀土的浸出作用主要与其直接吸附和吸收稀土元素以及其代谢产物与稀土元素的络合作用有关;④与硫酸铵的浸出结果相比,微生物所浸出的稀土元素δCe较大、δEu值较小、(La/Sm)N和(Gd/Yb)N)的比值较低,结果与稀土元素在华南风化壳稀土矿风同间面中不同层位的变化规律一致。实验结果说明微生物及其代谢产物对风化壳中稀土元素的活化迁移和分异作用具有积极的贡献。  相似文献   

3.
祁连山不同海拔低温原油降解菌群的分布特性研究   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
以祁连山南麓中端野牛沟土壤为研究对象,研究了不同海拔下低温原油降解细菌群落的分布特征.结果显示:研究区域具有原油利用潜力的低温降解菌数量为0.3×105~1.4×105CFU·g-1,随海拔的升高,菌群明显减少;同时通过16S r RNA基因序列分析共发现4个门、7个属、25种细菌,其中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)是优势属,并且位于海拔3 597 m处的菌株原油利用潜力均较高,而变形菌门的不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)利用原油生长的潜力最高.  相似文献   

4.
硫酸盐还原菌(sulfate-reducing bacteria,SRB) 是一类兼性厌氧菌,在湖泊和海洋有机物矿化过程和生物源性黄铁矿 的生成过程中都扮演着重要角色。环境溶解氧浓度对硫酸盐还原过程影响较大,硫酸盐还原菌在水体中的耐氧性是目前的研 究热点。文章采集了象山港和水口水库不同溶解氧水平下的水样,并在相应的溶解氧梯度下进行富集培养,以探讨不同溶解 氧浓度下硫酸盐还原菌的耐氧性特征及硫代谢相关菌的组成。结果显示,在富集培养条件下湖泊和沿海海域中Desulfovibrio (脱硫弧菌属) 和Desulfomicrobium (脱硫微菌属) 为主要硫酸盐还原细菌,而Shewanella (希瓦氏菌属) 和Sulfurospirillum (硫小螺体属) 为其硫代谢相关菌。Desulfovibrio的相对丰度与溶解氧水平密切相关,随溶解氧浓度的减少,其相对丰度增加。 SRB 的耐氧上限为6.68 mg/L,明显高于以往纯培养或共培养的耐氧上限值。作者推测这不仅与其高氧环境的适应策略有关, 还可能得益于共存菌的贡献,后者可能通过消耗环境中的氧为Desulfovibrio提供生态位,提高其耐氧水平。  相似文献   

5.
硫酸盐还原菌(sulfate-reducing bacteria,SRB) 是一类兼性厌氧菌,在湖泊和海洋有机物矿化过程和生物源性黄铁矿 的生成过程中都扮演着重要角色。环境溶解氧浓度对硫酸盐还原过程影响较大,硫酸盐还原菌在水体中的耐氧性是目前的研 究热点。文章采集了象山港和水口水库不同溶解氧水平下的水样,并在相应的溶解氧梯度下进行富集培养,以探讨不同溶解 氧浓度下硫酸盐还原菌的耐氧性特征及硫代谢相关菌的组成。结果显示,在富集培养条件下湖泊和沿海海域中Desulfovibrio (脱硫弧菌属) 和Desulfomicrobium (脱硫微菌属) 为主要硫酸盐还原细菌,而Shewanella (希瓦氏菌属) 和Sulfurospirillum (硫小螺体属) 为其硫代谢相关菌。Desulfovibrio的相对丰度与溶解氧水平密切相关,随溶解氧浓度的减少,其相对丰度增加。 SRB 的耐氧上限为6.68 mg/L,明显高于以往纯培养或共培养的耐氧上限值。作者推测这不仅与其高氧环境的适应策略有关, 还可能得益于共存菌的贡献,后者可能通过消耗环境中的氧为Desulfovibrio提供生态位,提高其耐氧水平。  相似文献   

6.
地下水人工回灌过程中,含水介质的堵塞除机械颗粒沉积和化学沉淀外,微生物起重要的作用。然而,目前探究回灌堵塞过程中以生物量为主要研究内容反映生物堵塞的发生,对其堵塞发生过程中微生物菌群组成结构的研究较少。采用室内一维渗流试验,开展含水介质微生物堵塞过程研究。分析含水介质渗透性、营养盐指标及胞外聚合物含量时空动态变化,利用16SrRNA高通量测序技术,深入分析微生物群落多样性和结构特征,从分子水平上揭示含水介质回灌堵塞过程中微生物群落特征及其演替规律。研究结果表明,随着回灌持续,含水介质渗透性呈现非线性降低趋势;空间上,堵塞主要发生在介质表层;时间上,各层介质渗透性依次经历稳定波动—快速下降—缓慢下降—趋于稳定4个阶段。含水介质附着细菌主要分布于26个门,65个纲,162个目,258个科,425个属,767个种。随着回灌的进行,细菌群落丰度、多样性及均匀度均呈现降低趋势。含水介质上附着细菌群落结构发生明显演替。菌群以变形菌门为优势菌门,拟杆菌门为次优势菌门;假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)为主要优势菌属。  相似文献   

7.
采用LB和PYGV两种培养基分离培养慕士塔格峰洋布拉克冰川雪冰及融水中可培养细菌,通过分离菌株16S rDNA的PCR-RFLP图谱和基于基因序列相似性的系统发育分析揭示细菌多样性。结果从样品中共分离到178株菌,分属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)中的α-Proteobacteria、β-Proteobac-teria、γ-Proteobacteria纲,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)6个类群,以假单胞菌Pseudomonas、黄杆菌Flavobacterium、紫色杆菌Janthinobacterium为优势菌群。 LB和PYGV两种培养基在分离的细菌数量及种群多样性、优势菌属、特有菌属方面呈现一定差异。结果表明,慕士塔格峰洋布拉克冰川地区可培养细菌多样性丰富,且存在一定的地方特异性菌属,寡营养培养基更利于极端微生物的恢复生长。  相似文献   

8.
十红滩铀矿床中微生物种类多样性及生态分布规律的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用生物学方法对新疆十红滩砂岩型铀矿各亚带矿石中参与C、N、S、Fe、O等元素循环的主要微生物菌群进行了研究.结果表明:在铀矿床中赋存着硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、铁细菌(IB)、硫杆菌、硝化细菌、亚硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、芽孢菌等各类细菌.其中sRB种类较多,主要为脱硫弧菌属、脱硫肠状菌属、脱磺单胞菌属、脱硫杆菌性等.IB主要为鞘铁菌属、球衣菌属、瑙曼氏菌属和赭菌属.硫杆菌包括氧化硫硫杆菌、氧化亚铁硫杆菌、排硫硫杆菌、脱氮硫杆菌.硝化细菌主要为硝化杆菌属.亚硝化细菌主要为亚硝化单孢菌属.异养反硝化细菌为施氏假单胞菌和类鼻疽假单胞菌,自养反硝化细菌为脱氮硫杆菌.芽孢杆菌包括巨大芽孢杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、侧孢芽孢杆菌、蜂房芽孢杆菌、球形芽孢杆菌.实验证明:各类细菌的种类和数量在铀矿床的空间分布上存在着一定的规律性对铀矿床的地球化学分带性具有一定的指示作用.  相似文献   

9.
为了研究玉米根际土壤细菌群落对土壤Cd污染的响应,本研究基于Illumina MiSeq高通量测序平台,对取自甘肃省白银市四龙镇地区的4组不同Cd污染程度的土壤样品进行16S rDNA扩增子测序分析。结果显示:4组不同Cd污染程度的玉米根际土壤细菌样品的Chao1指数和Shannon指数差异性不明显(p>0.05),表明Cd污染对土壤细菌多样性的影响不显著。4组样品的细菌丰富度相似,优势类群大致相同。4组样品的优势门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes),优势菌属为Ohtaekwangia、GP4、GP6、硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)和芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)等。Ohtaekwangia和芽单胞菌属的细菌抗逆性较强,随着环境中Cd含量的增加,其细菌相对丰度增加,而GP4和GP6的细菌抗逆性较差,其相对丰度会随土壤Cd含量的降低而降低。Cd污染会引起土壤中细菌的多样性变化,但细菌多样性与土壤中Cd含...  相似文献   

10.
考虑到煤本源微生物的分离、纯化及培养相对困难,且耗时较长,采用沼液作为外加菌源,并在进行生物甲烷气实验之前,对所采集沼液中的主要厌氧菌群进行微生物特征及数量的测定。结果表明沼液中的厌氧发酵菌(Anaerobicfermentative bacteria)、厌氧纤维素分解菌(Anaerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria)、硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfate-reducingbacteria)和产甲烷菌(Methanogens)4类厌氧菌群,均具有杆状、球状及链状等多种形态;染色后发现其中革兰氏阴性菌占主要优势;经最大或然数(MPN)计数后表明,沼液中所含厌氧菌的数量足以进行后续的生物甲烷气的产出实验。  相似文献   

11.
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

12.
Robert L. Linnen   《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):267-280
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.  相似文献   

13.
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.  相似文献   

14.
Well investigated platforms have been selected in each continent, and the history of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions there is concisely reviewed from the available evidence. The factual records have been summarized into a diagram and the timing of the events correlated between distant as well as adjoining areas.On a global scale, major transgressions were stepwise enlarged in space and time from the Neocomian, via Aptian-Albian, to the Late Cretaceous, and the post-Cretaceous regression was very remarkable. Minor cycles of transgression-regression were not always synchronous between different areas. Some of them were, however, nearly synchronous between the areas facing the same ocean.Tectono-eustasy may have been the main cause of the phenomena of transgression-regression, but certain kinds of other tectonic movements which affected even the so-called stable platforms were also responsible for the phenomena. The combined effects of various causes may have been unusual in the Cretaceous, since it was a period of global tectonic activity. The slowing down of this activity followed by readjustments may have been the cause of the global regression at the end of the Cretaceous.  相似文献   

15.
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

16.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2014,(3):I0001-I0003
正1 AIM AND SCOPE GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS(GSF) is a bi-monthly international journal that publishes in English high quality original research articles and timely reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF aims to bridge innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and models related to various fields of research including petrology and geochemistry in understanding lithospheric architecture  相似文献   

17.
正1 Introduction In the present paper,MgCl2·6H2O,FeCl3·6H2O,and CeCl3·6H2O were used as raw materials in the precipitationhydrothermal method to synthesize MgF eC e hydrotalcite.The effects of the Fe:Ce molar ratio on the composition,crystal structure,and thermal stability of hydrotalcite are examined.Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),X-  相似文献   

18.
正20141430 Chen Ji(Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China);Shi Ji’an Sedimentary Facies and Models for the Palaeogene-Neogene Deposits on the Northern Margin of the Qaidam Basin,Qinghai Province(Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,ISSN1009-3850,CN51-1593/P,33(3),2013,p.16-26,14 illus.,16 refs.)  相似文献   

19.
SEISMIC GEOLOGY     
正20141967An Zhanghui(Lanzhou Base of Institute of Earthquake Prediction,CEA,Lanzhou 730000,China);Du Xuebin Study onthe Geo-Electric Field Variation of Sichuan Lushan MS7.0and Wenchuan MS8.0Earthquake(Chinese Journal of Geophysics,ISSN0001-5733,CN11-2074/P,56(11),  相似文献   

20.
GEOCHEMISTRY     
正20141357 Guo Tao(School of Mathematics and Science,Shijiazhuang University of Economics,Shijiazhuang 050031,China);Hu Jiawen Assessment on the New Pressure-Volume-Temperature(PVT) Data of Supercritical Water(Geological Journal of China Universities,ISSN1006-7493,CN32-1440/P,19(3),2013,p.447-455,9 illus.,3 tables,32 refs.)Key words:supercritical fluids  相似文献   

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