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1.
用玄武岩组成反演中—新生代华北岩石圈的演化   总被引:27,自引:3,他引:27  
徐义刚 《地学前缘》2006,13(2):93-104
玄武岩的化学组成与地幔源区特征、部分熔融程度、地幔温度和岩石圈厚度等多个因素有关,因此可以用来反演深部地幔的演化。文中简要地阐述了用玄武岩组成获得岩石圈厚度及其变化的方法,并总结了有关华北中—新生代岩浆演化的两个最主要特征:(a)晚中生代岩浆活动经历了由早期的源自富集地幔的岩浆向后期亏损地幔起源岩浆的转变,而两个阶段为一岩浆间隙期(~10Ma)所分隔;(b)华北东、西部新生代玄武岩具有相反的碱性强度随时间的变化趋势。这些岩浆演化特征可以用岩石圈减薄过程中地幔地温梯度的逐渐升高、岩石圈地幔中富集组分在短时间内的不可再生以及岩石圈盖效应来解释。该认识为华北岩石圈减薄的时间尺度和机制以及减薄作用的时空不均一性提供了新的制约。  相似文献   

2.
徐义刚 《地球科学》2006,31(1):14-22
通过对比华北太行山重力梯度带两侧新生代玄武岩及其中幔源包体的成分,发现:(1)华北东、西部新生代玄武岩具有相反的演化趋势,说明新生代以来西部岩石圈逐渐减薄,而东部岩石圈逐渐加厚;(2)西部岩石圈地幔组成相对复杂,年龄多为晚太古代-元古代;而东部岩石圈地幔组成相对单一,年龄多为现代值,少数为元古代;(3)西部壳幔过渡带较厚而东部较薄,反映两地不同的岩浆底侵作用程度.华北岩石圈组成的空间不均一性可能与岩石圈减薄过程的时空差异有关.岩相古地理分析说明太行山重力梯度带的雏形形成于早白垩世,与华北中生代岩浆活动的高峰相吻合.由于岩浆作用与岩石圈减薄作用密切相关,因此认为华北岩石圈减薄的时空不均一性是形成太行山重力梯度带的重要机制.  相似文献   

3.
华北克拉通在中生代期间发生了大规模的岩石圈减薄,但关于岩石圈减薄结束的时间以及减薄的方式还存在争论。吴福元等(2008)根据辽宁阜新地区110Ma左右的软流圈地幔来源的岩浆认为华北克拉通的减薄发生在110Ma之前。徐义刚等(2009)推测华北克拉通破坏的结束时间应该在晚白垩到早新生代。路凤香等  相似文献   

4.
已有研究认为华北岩石圈减薄的时空不均一是显著的,主要表现在软流圈来源的岩浆最早出现的时间呈现南北差异。本文通过40Ar-39Ar法获得胶莱盆地西官庄拉斑玄武岩的年龄为96±3Ma,属于青山群火山岩的一部分,早于王氏群大西庄碱性玄武岩(73Ma)。两套岩石均缺乏Nb、Ta负异常,分别具有与E-MORB和OIB类似的微量元素配分特征。西官庄拉斑玄武岩((87Sr/86Sr)t=0.7058,εNd(t)=0.37~0.57)和大西庄碱性玄武岩((87Sr/86Sr)t=0.7040,εNd(t)=5.5~5.7)的同位素组成特征均显示软流圈的印记。前者为软流圈熔体与古老富集岩石圈地幔相互反应的产物,而后者是软流圈部分熔融的产物。研究区岩浆的εNd(t)值随年龄的降低而逐渐增大,暗示古老岩石圈减薄过程中软流圈的上涌,说明研究区晚白垩世-早新生代岩石圈仍在经历减薄作用。类似的岩浆演化趋势在辽西和辽东地区也有发现,不过演化的时间分别为120~100Ma和80~60Ma,再次证明华北岩石圈减薄作用的时空不均一性。  相似文献   

5.
对山西隆起区中新生代构造演化的认识   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
对山西隆起区中新生代构造演化的认识,是探讨华北陆块演化、破坏等科学问题的基础。在中新生代期间,不论是岩石圈的差异演化、构造体制转换、岩浆活动,还是地貌反转,位于华北陆块中心部位的山西地区总是处于过渡带的位置。该地理位置说明了该区在华北陆块演化研究中的重要性。在近年1∶5万、1∶25万区域地质调查成果及以往研究资料的基础上,以中生代区域性断裂、新生代汾渭裂谷及山体隆升为主要研究内容,探讨山西隆起区中新生代岩石圈从增厚到减薄、构造体制从挤压到伸展转换,以及随华北陆块一起经历地貌格局从东高西低到西高东低转换的构造演化进程。研究认为,山西地区中新生代构造体系的发育从属统一的区域动力学环境,周边板块之间的相互作用引起深部软流圈变化:软流圈下沉,岩石圈则相对增厚,地壳垂向伸展,横向收缩;软流圈上涌,岩石圈相应减薄,地壳水平伸展。软流圈的变化对该地区中新生代构造变形、沉积格局、岩浆活动等方面起着控制作用。  相似文献   

6.
胶东半岛中生代侵入岩浆活动序列及其构造制约   总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25  
胶东半岛是我国东部中生代花岗质岩石较为发育的地区。通过对该区中生代侵入岩体高精度年代学数据资料分析,建立了区内中生代花岗质岩石3个显著不同的演化序列:晚三叠世(225~205 Ma)幔源型花岗岩、晚侏罗世(160~150 Ma)地壳重熔型花岗岩和早白垩世(130~105 Ma)壳幔混合型花岗岩。通过与辽东和鲁西–徐淮地区中生代岩浆活动年代学格架的对比分析,探讨了华北东部地区中生代岩石圈构造演化和深部地球动力学过程。指出胶辽地区晚侏罗世(160~150 Ma)地壳重熔型花岗岩记录了华北东部一次重要的岩石圈地壳增厚事件,其区域动力学背景可能与古太平洋板块低角度向亚洲大陆俯冲作用密切相关。正是这次增厚作用导致了早白垩世时期岩石圈拆沉减薄和大规模伸展型花岗质岩浆活动。岩石圈地壳增厚和减薄作用过程主导了中国东部中生代陆内构造应力体制的转换和岩浆活动序列。  相似文献   

7.
纪沫  刘俊来  胡玲  关会梅  G DAVIS  张维 《岩石学报》2009,25(1):173-181
辽南变质核杂岩形成于晚中生代华北岩石圈伸展和减薄背景下,其演化过程分为三个阶段:第一阶段(约130Ma),在伸展作用下辽南地区发育拆离断层及其下伏韧性剪切带;第二阶段(130~120Ma),同构造花岗质岩体的主动侵位影响了拆离断层的演化;同时在124Ma变质核杂岩的构造-岩浆活动达到峰值;第三阶段(113Ma之后)花岗质岩体在较浅层次侵位于停止活动的拆离断层带。辽南变质核杂岩发育与演化过程在年代学意义上揭示了华北板块晚中生代时期的区域性岩石圈伸展与减薄过程。本文认为由伸展后期侵位的赵房岩体所记录的拆离断层停止的时限(113Ma)可以作为华北岩石圈强烈构造岩浆活动的转捩点,113Ma之前华北板块广泛发育变质核杂岩、拉分盆地等一系列伸展构造,之后则以平稳的隆升和冷却过程为主。  相似文献   

8.
基于最新的同位素年代学资料 ,华北克拉通东部中生代的岩浆作用可划分成四个阶段 ,即晚三叠世 ( 2 0 5~ 2 2 5Ma)碱性岩浆作用 ;中晚侏罗世 ( 1 5 5~ 1 6 0Ma)花岗质岩浆作用 ;早白垩世 ( 1 1 2~ 1 32Ma)双峰式岩浆作用和晚白垩世 ( 92~ 73Ma)碱性玄武质岩浆作用。徐淮地区中生代侵入岩中榴辉岩捕虏体的发现及其地质年代学资料 ( 2 1 9Ma)表明 ,华北克拉通东部中生代早期曾发生过一次重要的陆壳加厚过程。俯冲板片的断离以及高压—超高压变质岩的快速折返和晚三叠世 ( 2 0 5~ 2 2 5Ma)的碱性岩浆作用的存在均暗示 ,华北克拉通中生代岩石圈减薄已经开始。拆沉作用则是引起中生代早期岩石圈减薄的主要机制。中、晚侏罗世 ( 1 5 5~ 1 6 0Ma)花岗质岩浆作用形成于造山期后的伸展环境 ,代表了中生代岩石圈减薄的继续和发展。早白垩世 ( 1 1 2~ 1 32Ma)双峰式岩浆作用表明中生代岩石圈减薄达到了峰期。而幔源纯橄岩捕虏体中富硅质熔体的交代作用和玄武岩的高87Sr/ 86Sr值、低ε(Nd ,t)值特征表明 ,软流圈对岩石圈底部的化学侵蚀可能是导致该阶段岩石圈减薄的主导机制。晚白垩世 ( 92~ 73Ma)碱性玄武质岩浆作用和“海洋型”地幔捕虏体的存在代表了等温面的下降和岩石圈地幔的增生  相似文献   

9.
中国东部中新生代火山作用的pTtc模型与岩石圈演化   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
中国东北和华北地区中新生代火山岩的岩石化学研究表明 ,中新生代火山作用的深部过程均为逆时针的pTt轨迹 ,表现为岩浆源区从逐渐上升到下降的过程。中新生代火山作用的深部过程揭示的岩石圈演化历史为 :早侏罗世至早白垩世早期 ,岩石圈演化主要表现为逐渐减薄的过程 ,直至出现软流圈与地壳直接接触。从早白垩世晚期至中生代末 ,岩石圈演化为一增生过程。第三纪岩石圈演化为减薄过程 ,而到第四纪为岩石圈增生过程。中国东部现代岩石圈地幔是由中生代晚期 (K1末—K3)和第四纪两次增生事件形成的  相似文献   

10.
华北克拉通破坏的物理、化学过程:地幔橄榄岩证据   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文对比了华北东部不同时代、不同位置捕虏体/地质体橄榄岩的地幔属性,讨论了华北克拉通破坏的物理、化学过程。结果表明,拆沉作用不能很好地解释古老难熔、过渡型和新生饱满地幔并存的事实;单纯的熔体-橄榄岩相互作用也不易解释中、新生代岩石圈巨大减薄和新生饱满地幔Cpx中LREE亏损现象,即具复杂演化历史的克拉通地幔向演化历史简单的"大洋型"岩石圈的转换。华北东部克拉通破坏作用包括地幔伸展、熔-岩作用、侵蚀置换等复杂的物理、化学过程。岩石圈先大幅减薄、后小幅增厚实现了最终的地幔置换和岩石圈整体减薄过程。喷发时代为100 Ma的阜新玄武岩所捕获的橄榄岩主体是饱满的,说明华北东部部分地区在此之前有过地幔置换作用。  相似文献   

11.
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

12.
Robert L. Linnen   《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):267-280
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.  相似文献   

13.
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.  相似文献   

14.
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

15.
正The Kuqa depression deposited thick rock salt,which has a lower density than surrounding rocks.When salt bodies form a certain scale,obvious negative gravity anomalies can be detected in the surface.Therefore,gravitational method can quickly obtain the shape,plane distribution of deep-seated salt bodies and overall tectonic morphology of the basin.  相似文献   

16.
正1 Introduction The Pingluoba brine,which characterized as high concentration with sodium,potassium,boron,lithium,and rubidium,possess great development value.The main composition of the brine can be summarized to the  相似文献   

17.
正1 Introduction In the present paper,MgCl2·6H2O,FeCl3·6H2O,and CeCl3·6H2O were used as raw materials in the precipitationhydrothermal method to synthesize MgF eC e hydrotalcite.The effects of the Fe:Ce molar ratio on the composition,crystal structure,and thermal stability of hydrotalcite are examined.Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),X-  相似文献   

18.
正1 Introduction Crystallization is one of important unit operations in the chemical production process,which requires not only the crystal product with high purity and yield,but also the available particle size of the crystal products to ensure product quality.Crystallization process is affected by  相似文献   

19.
正Dear Authors and Readers:First of all,on behalf of the new Editorial Board,I would like to express our sincere appreciation for your continuing support of our journal.This journal,founded in 1922,is the oldest geological journal in China.As the flagship journal of the Geological Society of China,it has become more and more influential in earth sciences in China and beyond.The journal is now indexed by SCI,CA and more than 20 other databases,with an impact  相似文献   

20.
正20141283 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geological Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Nature,Origin and Tectonic Setting of Jinzhou Basin in the South Segment of Xuefeng Orogen(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(4),2013,p.1079-1091,10 illus.,47 refs.)Key words:foreland basins,strike-slip faults,Hunan Province  相似文献   

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