共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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本文以谷德振先生创立的岩体工程地质力学理论为指导,在水文地质结构概念的基础上提出了矿山水文地质结构的概念,结合我国煤矿的宏观地质背景及矿山水害的研究基础,基于矿山水文地质结构对矿山水害类型进行了重新划分。从突水水源、导水通道以及采掘活动3个致灾危险源出发,结合矿山突水溃砂灾害、底板突水实例,对矿山水文地质结构的采动响应进行研究,为矿山水害防治和矿山安全地质工作提供了一种新的思路和途径,显示了岩体工程地质力学在煤矿水文地质工程地质研究中的重要指导作用和强大的生命力。 相似文献
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Hao Li Haibo Bai Jianjun Wu Changshen Wang Zhanguo Ma Yabo Du Kai Ma 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(21):468
Water inrush into coal mines from aquifers underlying coal seams often causes serious casualties and economic losses. The key to preventing the disaster is to discover a water inrush mechanism suitable for specific geological and hydrogeological conditions and apply reasonable control measures. A case of the Chensilou mine is studied in this paper. Complex geological and hydrogeological conditions, such as 12 aquifers in the floor and small distance between coal seam and aquifer, make the mining face in the synclinal basin have a great risk of water inrush. In addition, as an important way to prevent the disaster, grouting will aggravate the risk of water inrush from the floor. The slurry will drive groundwater in the limestone aquifers L8, even L7 and L6 along the horizontal (fracture zone in L11~L8) and vertical (Fs1 ~Fd1) water flow channel into the mining face and synclinal basin. A new water inrush mechanism driven by grouting is formed. In order to prevent this disaster, based on statistical law of hole deviation, the relative error of vertical depth and the angle between the borehole and the rock formation are obtained. Finally, an improved grouting method is proposed, which is useful to ensure the safe production of coal mine and reduce the cost of grouting. 相似文献
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近年来,国内外对复杂地层绳索取心钻具的研究取得了长足进步,但是未能很好解决卡心构件对岩心入管的阻碍和底喷式钻头易产生“泥垫”现象,从而影响取心质量和钻进效率的关键技术问题。以普通S95绳索取心钻具为研究对象,通过在内管里增设0.7 mm厚度的不锈钢衬管,封隔卡簧等卡心构件装置,增加底喷式钻头水孔数量并增大水槽体积,设计可供选择的发夹式和卡簧式岩心提断器等技术改造,研制一款用于复杂地层钻进,具备隔水、隔卡、自动锁心的三层管绳索取心钻具。选用发夹式岩心提断器在水敏性强的破碎地层中试验,平均回次进尺1.13 m,获取岩心采取率94.48%,对比附近同类地层钻孔的岩心采取率提高了50%以上;选用卡簧式岩心提断器在裂隙发育的泥质地层中试验,卡簧卡心如同普通钻具上的卡簧一样可靠。试验结果表明:用衬管封隔卡心构件的取心技术方案可行,解决了卡心构件对软弱松散岩心入管的阻碍,有利于保护岩心的原状性;所用底喷式钻头孔底冲洗效果好,降低了钻头“泥垫”现象对钻进速度的影响。该钻具操作方便,使用成本低廉,有望在我国现行绳索取心机台推广应用,具有较强的普适性和广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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煤矿水害分区、矿井水害类型与水文地质类型等划分结果在矿井充水水源、充水通道等水害形成要素方面体现相对不足,对煤矿防治水工作指导性不强。本文从矿井水害形成的基本要素入手,通过分析矿井不同类型充水水源、充水通道及其组合条件下的矿井水害特点及其危害程度,将矿井充水水源按其富水程度与供给能力划分为缓渗式弱供给、涌溃式快供给、突涌式强供给和无阻滞式充分供给4种类型;将充水通道按照其渗流畅通性与空间尺寸划分为低渗流型、高渗流型、小断面自由流管道型、大断面自由流通道型4类充水通道;按不同充水水源与充水通道之间的组合关系,将矿井水害危害性程度划分为轻微、中等、严重与极严重4级,并借鉴Piper三线图与库尔洛夫式地下水水化学分析原理,绘制了矿井水害类型"4-4-4三线图",提出了能简洁反映矿井关键充水要素与水害特征的矿井水害类型划分方法,为煤矿开展水害防治提供指导。 相似文献
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贵州地区岩溶普遍发育,岩溶区矿产资源丰富。由于含矿层及上下部地层含水性强至极强,矿产开采过程中水害问题突出。大型地下堰塞水体是形成矿井突水的主要水体之一,因其隐蔽性高,防范难度极大。阐明大型地下堰塞水体成因及其形成矿井突水的特点,对矿山生产防水治水有重要意义。以赫章县珠市铁矿山2015年“11·22”突水事故为例,在对突水矿井开展技术调查的基础上,结合矿山水文地质条件,通过对断层构造部位的岩溶发育特点、地下水径流、赋存状态以及形成矿井突水的水源类型、各类水体形成突水特征等分析,揭示了岩溶区大型地下堰塞水体的形成机制; 阐明了该类水体形成矿井突水的一般特征及突水征兆; 明确了造成赫章县珠市铁矿山矿井突水的水源为大型地下堰塞水体,事故系矿井爆破掘进过程中揭穿大型地下堰塞水体下部岩溶管道所致。大型地下堰塞水体形成矿井突水有其独特性,针对性地开展矿井防治水工作,及时采取合理、有效的防治水措施意义重大。 相似文献
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Wenping Mu Qiang Wu Yuan Xing Cheng Qian Yang Wang Yuanze Du 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(5):215
Water inrush from a karst aquifer threatens mine safety in North China because of the special hydrogeological conditions. This paper systematically analyzes the regional hydrogeological conditions of the Cambrian–Ordovician limestone karst aquifer in the Yuxian Basin. Conceptual and mathematical models of karst water flow system are established, and the karst water flow system is simulated by the finite-difference method. The numerical model is checked using hydraulic head from karst water observation holes, and the sensitivity of hydrogeological parameters is analyzed. Further, the risk of water inrush from the karst aquifer underlying the coal seam in the second mining area of the Beiyangzhuang Mine in the basin is evaluated by the water inrush coefficient method. Based on the critical hydraulic head for mining safety, the rate of mine dewatering is simulated for the three stages of the mining plan with the numerical model. The results show that the risk of water inrush in the second mining area is high. The rate of dewatering in the three stages without grouting is 1300, 1860, and 2050 m3/h, respectively, and with local grouting is 1020, 1550, and 1700 m3/h, respectively. Dewatering combined with grouting not only ensures coal mine safety, but also significantly reduces the rate of dewatering. The prediction method of mine dewatering has practical significance in engineering applications. 相似文献
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中国煤矿水害基本特征及其主要影响因素 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
分析了中国煤矿水害发生发展的基本规律,研究了中国煤矿水害的基本特征及其产生原因。较为系统地论述了我国煤矿水害防治技术存在的主要问题、技术难关以及生产企业对矿井水害防治技术的基本需求。重点分析了深部煤炭资源开发过程中高承压水底板突出机理及其防治技术和废弃矿井老空水突出机理与防治技术。提出了中国煤矿水害防治技术和矿井水文地质安全保障体系建设的发展趋势。 相似文献
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近年不断发生的突水事故,给煤矿安全生产带来严重威胁,研究矿区水文地质特征,分析矿井充水因素有重要现实意义。根据东胜煤田乌拉素矿区地质勘探和水文地质资料,对煤层开采导水裂隙带高度进行计算,结果表明:直罗组底部、含煤系地层的裂隙承压水含水层和上部煤层采空区内的积水,是煤层开采时矿井涌水的主要充水水源,矿井充水通道有断层裂隙带、封闭不良钻孔、采动导水裂隙带;其中导水裂隙带会将上部煤层采空区积水导通,使充水强度增大,矿坑涌水量增加。建议开采过程中要做到边探边采,探采结合,预防突水问题。 相似文献
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煤矿(床)水文地质学是研究煤炭资源开发过程中地下水活动规律以及为防止其对采煤工程的不利影响,保护矿区生态环境的一门应用性地质学科,对煤矿安全生产工作具有重要的推动作用。近年来,在保水采煤技术、华北型煤田防治水技术体系、陷落柱发育规律及其治理技术、煤层底板含水层注浆改造保障技术等方面取得了重要进展。随着煤炭开采强度和开采规模的进一步扩大,学科发展面临着诸如老空水及陷落柱探测、矿坑充水条件变化、矿井水患实时评价及治理等重大问题。提出了在学科发展中应优先解决诸如“三高”(高地压、高地温、高水压)地质条件下煤矿突水机理、西部地区煤炭资源开发过程中突水溃砂机理、水资源承载力及其调蓄技术、矿井水资源化及其合理利用研究以及综放开采条件下冒裂带发育规律研究等科学问题。 相似文献
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The mining depth of main coal mines could reach around 600 m in eastern North China, and extends to the dept with speed of around 12 m/a. As the basement of eastern North China-type coal mine, the Ordovician karst aquifer is the main water source that influences the carboniferous coal seam mining. As the deep karst water has large buried depth and high water pressure (8–12 MPa), with10–30 m space between high pressure aquifer and coal seam, the geological area of deep coal occurrence is often forbidden for mining. Environmental damage, to a greater or lesser degree, is caused by coal mining. On the basis of analyzing the hydrogeological conditions of mining areas, this paper introduces the hydrogeological survey work of ultra-high confined karst water deep in the coal seam floor within researched region for preventing and controlling water disaster of the mine. After researching into the hydrogeological investigation data in the researched region, we explored the hydrodynamic and water chemical characteristics of deep karst water by using pumping test, dynamic observation, and dewatering test. Finally, this study suggests that the hydraulic pressure of deep mining could be mined, on the circumstances that reasonable and effective of water prevention measures are taken based on a detailed survey on water abundance of deep karst. 相似文献
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邢台煤矿下组煤开采水文地质条件评价及突水危险性预测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为安全开采下组煤,详细分析了矿区奥灰水文地质条件,以研究煤层底板突水因素、突不机理为切入点,利用地理信息系统技术,对下组煤开采之前奥灰突水的危险性进行了预测,即可分为３个区（安全区、可能突水区、突水区）,同时提出下组煤先期开采的范围为－２１０ｍ水平以上范围。 相似文献
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通过对山东栖霞滑石矿矿区水文地质条件的调查以及63线井-200中段工作面发生矿井突水造成的灾害分析,综合研究分析了矿井突水灾害基本特征及成因,在此基础上,探讨了矿井突水地质灾害的防治对策。 相似文献
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露天开采是我国煤矿开采的两大方式之一。与地下开采煤矿类似，露天煤矿在开采过程中同样面临防治水问题，由于我国露天煤矿水害类型相对单一，国内学者鲜有对露天煤矿的水害特征和防治水技术进行深入研究。以我国露天煤矿分布范围为出发点，从充水水源、充水通道、充水强度3方面分析露天煤矿水害特征，得出大气降水、地表水和浅层地下水是主要充水水源；人为开挖形成的直通式通道、强渗透含水层或透水层、垂向导水钻孔、滑坡形成的地表裂缝等是主要充水通道；季节性变化明显、疏排水周期长、排水量大是露天煤矿疏排水主要水害特征的结论。归纳目前我国露天煤矿常用的7种防治水技术，提出露天煤矿由远及近、由上而下、由面至点的立体防治水技术体系。从地下水资源保护和生态环保角度出发，为实现露天煤矿绿色开采和可持续发展，提出以切断补给通道、减小矿坑疏排水量为目的的帷幕截流技术是今后露天煤矿防治水的主要技术方法。 相似文献
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煤矿安全是全国安全生产工作的重中之重,特别是近年来煤矿水害时有发生,我国煤矿水文地质条件较为复杂,地表水、老空水、冲积层水和顶板水等各种类型的水害俱全,无论是受水威胁的面积、类型,还是受水害威胁的严重程度,都为世界罕见。瞬变电磁法在煤矿富水性的勘探中已得到广泛应用,但对于结果的解释仍处于二维水平,往往是先在断面图上圈定异常体的范围,再根据相对的位置关系落到平面图上进行解释,因此对于异常体的空间分布描述较差,存在一定的局限性。本文结合山西某煤矿富水性勘查中瞬变电磁法的实测数据,利用Voxler平台从三维数据的整合、三维模型的建立、模型的地形校正及白化等关键点进行了研究,绘制了三维视电阻率模型,展示了异常体的空间分布形态,使成果更为直观、立体,从而更好的指导煤矿的安全生产。 相似文献
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Impact of karst water on coal mining in North China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Coalfields in North China encompass more than ten Provinces. They contain six to seven coal seams in the Permo-Carboniferous
strata. The lower three seams account for 37% of the total reserves and are threatened with intrusion of karst water from
the underlying Ordovician limestone. Hundreds of water inrush incidences have occurred, in which a large amount of water suddenly
flows into tunnels or working faces under high potentiometric pressure. Over 50 mines have been flooded over the last 30 years.
Large-scale dewatering or depressurizing of the karst aquifer was considered essential to avoid water inrushes and keep the
mines safely operational. This practice, however, has caused sinkholes, dry springs, water supply shortage, and groundwater
contamination in the surrounding areas. One alternative water control measure is to make full use of the rock layer between
the coal seam and the karst aquifer as a protective barrier to prevent or constrain water flow from the underlying aquifer
into the mines. Grouting is effective when the hydrogeological conditions are favorable to this technique. Proper design of
the grouting program and experience of the contractor are also important for a successful application. 相似文献
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华北东部深部岩溶及煤矿岩溶水害特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对我国华北东部煤矿井开采深度迅速增加,矿井岩溶水害日益加重的客观问题,文章分析讨论了深矿井开采的基本概念,通过统计分析,得出中国东部主要煤矿井目前开采深度达到600 m左右且以12 m/a左右的速度向深部延伸的变化趋势。从华北东部地区沉积古地理环境与地壳运动演化史方面分析了该地区厚层奥陶纪灰岩的形成及其后期岩溶发育过程。通过对研究区几个重点矿区揭露的奥陶系灰岩岩溶发育特征在穿层和顺层方向上随深度变化规律的分析,揭示出华北东部主要煤矿区奥陶系灰岩岩溶发育特征在垂向上具有弱-强-弱和顺层方向上随埋深具有由强到弱的变化规律。提出了华北东部煤矿深部开采将面临的岩溶水害问题及其防治水技术思路。 相似文献