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《China Geology》2022,5(3):372-382
Hot dry rock (HDR) is a kind of clean energy with significant potential. Since the 1970s, the United States, Japan, France, Australia, and other countries have attempted to conduct several HDR development research projects to extract thermal energy by breaking through key technologies. However, up to now, the development of HDR is still in the research, development, and demonstration stage. An HDR exploration borehole (with 236 °C at a depth of 3705 m) was drilled into Triassic granite in the Gonghe Basin in northwest China in 2017. Subsequently, China Geological Survey (CGS) launched the HDR resources exploration and production demonstration project in 2019. After three years of efforts, a sequence of significant technological breakthroughs have been made, including the genetic model of deep heat sources, directional drilling and well completion in high-temperature hard rock, large-scale reservoir stimulation, reservoir characterization, and productivity evaluation, reservoir connectivity and flow circulation, efficient thermoelectric conversion, monitoring, and geological risk assessment, etc. Then the whole-process technological system for HDR exploration and production has been preliminarily established accordingly. The first power generation test was completed in November 2021. The results of this project will provide scientific support for HDR development and utilization in the future.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
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干热岩(HDR)是指不含或仅含少量流体,温度高于180 ℃,其热能在当前技术经济条件下可以利用的岩体。作为一种重要的非常规地热资源,干热岩的开发利用可以借鉴页岩油气的成功经验,采用相似的技术发展路径,找到“地热甜点”,开发出低成本且高效的钻完井技术,逐步形成和完善技术体系,建立与对象相适应的生产运行模式,以期实现对这种巨大资源的有效开发利用。增强型地热系统(EGS)被认为是干热岩资源开采的一种重要方式。EGS最初被称为工程型地热系统,后来才统称为增强型地热系统,是指通过实施特殊的工程工艺,改善地层储集性能或(和)向地层中注入流体,以实现对地热资源的有效开发。其基本方法原理为在干热岩体内钻两口或多口井,将低温流体通过注入井注入干热岩体的天然裂缝系统,或注入通过压裂技术在钻井之间建立的具有水力联系的人工裂缝中加热,通过吸收干热岩内所蕴含的热能,将流体温度提高到一定程度后从生产井采出至地表或近地表进行利用,形成人工热交换系统,用于发电或取暖等。采用EGS技术开发干热岩地热资源,选区选址恰当与否是能否取得成功的最关键环节之一。中深层地热资源可分为水热型和干热岩型两大类、五亚类。其中,干热岩根据其热储孔渗条件差异又可分为无水优储、无水差储和无水无储三亚类,适合作为EGS开发对象的干热岩资源为其中的无水优储和无水差储两种类型。五类地热资源规模呈金字塔形,开发技术难度逐渐增加。基于由热储埋深、热储温度、热储岩性、热储物性、盖层厚度、盖层断裂发育条件等组成的地质资源条件,由钻探成井技术、储层改造技术、管理运营技术组成的工程技术条件,以及由地热需求和资源经济性组成的经济市场条件三个因素,本文建立了三因素分析与多层次指标分解法相结合的干热岩EGS选区评价方法和关键指标,在国内干热岩资源条件较好的17个候选区中,优选出西藏羊八井高温地热区和渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷潜山分布带作为EGS试验有利区。 相似文献
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Characteristics of geothermal reservoirs and utilization of geothermal resources in the southeastern coastal areas of China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on regional geological setting, stratigraphic distribution and other geological conditions, this paper summarized three types of geothermal reservoirs in the southeast coastal areas of China: Cenozoic sandstone or sandy conglomerate reservoir, Mesozoic granite fissure reservoir and Paleozoic karst reservoir. Cenozoic sandstone or sandy conglomerate reservoirs are mainly located in Cenozoic basins, such as Zhangzhou, Fuzhou, Sanshui and Leiqiong basins. The Tertiary sedimentary basins such as Leiqiong Basin and Sanshui Basin, are controlled by NE-trending faults, while the Quaternary sedimentary such as Zhangzhou and Fuzhou basins are controlled by NW-trending faults. Mesozoic granite fissure reservoirs are mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas, such as Zhangzhou, Fuzhou, Fengshun, Yangjiang and southern part of Hainan Province. The distribution of good Mesozoic granite fissure reservoir in these areas is mainly controlled by NE-trending faults. Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs are widely distributed in these areas. Most carbonate rocks are from the upper Paleozoic strata, such as those in the area of Huizhou in Guangdong Province. The major types of geothermal systems in the southeast coastal areas of China belong to medium and low-temperature convection. The geothermal resources developed from the ground to-3 000 m underground could be utilized directly for space heating, greenhouse heating, aquaculture pond heating and industrial uses, as well as other purposes. The geothermal resources with a depth of 3 000～6 000 m underground is mainly featured by Hot Dry Rock(HDR) with a temperature ranges from 150 ℃ to 200 ℃, which is conductive to the development of Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS) and can be utilized for power generation. 相似文献
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地热资源作为一种可再生清洁能源,对可持续发展有着重要的意义。本文通过分析中国沉积盆地型地热资源特点,对主要热储层分布进行了论述,并在此基础上对不同热储的水化学特征进行了总结,评价了我国主要沉积盆地型地热资源潜力。沉积盆地型地热资源主要为中低温地热资源,是中国水热型地热资源的主要类型,约占水热型地热资源总量的89%,具有储集空间广、厚度大,地热资源热储类型多、储量大,赋存中低温地热水,资源可利用程度高等特点。沉积盆地型地下热水水化学类型一般由补给区HCO_3-Na型、HCO_3·Cl-Na型等低矿化水,逐渐过渡为Cl·HCO_3-Na型,最终到排泄区或封闭状态下变为Cl-Na型等高矿化水。沉积盆地中热盆地热资源储存量较大,占到主要沉积盆地总储存量的54%,地热资源可开采量占到主要沉积盆地总可开采量的59%,温盆地热资源储存量占到42%,可开采量占到40%,冷盆地热资源储存量仅占到4%,可开采量占到1%。应进一步加强地热资源勘查工作;积极开展地热资源回灌,保证可持续开发利用;推进地热资源梯级综合利用;建立地热资源监测网。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地北部地热资源埋藏深、温度高、储量大、开发潜力大,合理地选择物探方法可以很好地确定靶区,圈定热储构造,更精准地为钻探提供依据.由于MT法探测深度的优势,其反演电阻率特征能很清晰地反映出地热田导水导热构造的分布、产状等特征.本研究利用前期ER01、ER02地热井测井成果,重新标定ER03地热井物探解释参数,划分出4 000 m深度范围内的热储层在水平和纵向上的分布规律,圈定地热异常范围和空间分布特点,确定地下热水的富水部位及有利的勘探井位,提出下一步工作的建议. 相似文献
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ZOU Caineng YANG Zhi PAN Songqi CHEN Yanyan LIN Senhu HUANG Jinliang WU Songtao DONG Dazhong WANG Shufang LIANG Feng SUN Shash HUANG Yong WENG Dingwei 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(4):1249-1283
Shale gas is one of the most promising unconventional resources both in China and abroad. It is known as a form of self-contained source-reservoir system with large and continuous dimensions. Through years of considerable exploration efforts, China has identified three large shale gas fields in the Fuling, Changning and Weiyuan areas of the Sichuan Basin, and has announced more than 540 billion m~3 of proven shale gas reserves in marine shale systems. The geological theories for shale gas development have progressed rapidly in China as well. For example, the new depositional patterns have been introduced for deciphering the paleogeography and sedimentary systems of the Wufeng shale and Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin. The shale gas storage mechanism has been widely accepted as differing from conventional natural gas in that it is adsorbed on organic matter or a mineral surface or occurs as free gas trapped in pores and fractures of the shale. Significant advances in the techniques of microstructural characterization have provided new insights on how gas molecules are stored in micro- and nano-scale porous shales. Furthermore, newly-developed concepts and practices in the petroleum industry, such as hydraulic fracturing, microseismic monitoring and multiwell horizontal drilling, have made the production of this unevenly distributed but promising unconventional natural gas a reality. China has 10–36 trillion m~3 of promising shale gas among the world's whole predicted technically recoverable reserves of 206.6 trillion m~3. China is on the way to achieving its goal of an annual yield of 30–50 billion m~3 by launching more trials within shale gas projects. 相似文献
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在如今传统能源储量日益减少的趋势下，干热岩这类新型地热资源的开发显得尤为重要，而干热岩钻井由于其井下的超高温环境，对传统钻井液系统提出了非常严格的要求。传统钻井液在高温作用下滤失量大大增加，普通的辅助添加剂往往不能发挥出功效。常用的以“三磺材料”为核心的钻井液虽然具有令人满意的耐温效果，但因其含有大量有毒物质，污染程度十分严重，需要开发新的环保型钻井液耐高温体系。国外干热岩研究早于国内三十余年，有着十分重要的耐高温钻井液经验与技术，作为刚起步的国内干热岩研究，也有着“青海共和盆地恰不恰干热岩”这样十分重要的项目工程。本文首先介绍了当前干热岩钻井概况以及对钻井液的性能要求，并结合国内外学者对耐高温钻井液与环保钻井液的研究进展，了解其配方组分与设计思路，结合干热岩特点探讨干热岩耐高温钻井液发展趋势，旨在为干热岩钻井液技术研究上提供支持。 相似文献
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中国西部铜矿资源勘查开发现状和潜力及接替区选区 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新世纪以来,中国西部地区的重要成矿区（带）内探明了一批大、中型铜矿床,致其铜矿资源储量和产能大幅度增长,已形成了东西并驾齐驱的铜矿勘查开发格局。文章简要介绍了新世纪以来西部地区探明的主要大型铜矿床的地质特征。通过综合评价,优选出14个西部铜矿资源接替区,即在未来的5至10年间可实现规模开发的中观尺度的资源接替基地。预期到“十三五”末,通过加大勘查开发力度,西部铜矿接替区的铜产能和资源储量都将显著增加。西部铜矿接替区大多地处高山深谷区或荒漠戈壁区,开发基础条件落后,生态环境脆弱,应加快其基础设施的建设,同时,应做好铜矿资源开发的环境影响评价与规划。 相似文献
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LIN Wenjing WANG Guiling ZHANG Shengsheng ZHAO Zhen XING Linxiao GAN Haonan TAN Xianfeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(6):1793-1804
Hot dry rock (HDR) is an important geothermal resource and clean energy source that may play an increasingly important role in future energy management. High-temperature HDR resources were recently detected in deep regions of the Gonghe Basin on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, which led to a significant breakthrough in HDR resource exploration in China. This research analyzes the deep temperature distribution, radiogenic heat production, heat flow, and crustal thermal structure in the Qiaboqia Valley, Guide Plain, and Zhacanggou area of the Gonghe Basin based on geothermal exploration borehole logging data, rock thermophysical properties, and regional geophysical exploration data. The results are applied to discuss the heat accumulation mechanism of the HDR resources in the Gonghe Basin. The findings suggest that a low-velocity layer in the thickened crust of the Tibetan Plateau provides the most important source of constant intracrustal heat for the formation of HDR resources in the Gonghe Basin, whereas crustal thickening redistributes the concentrated layer of radioactive elements, which compensates for the relatively low heat production of the basal granite and serves as an important supplement to the heat of the HDR resources. The negative effect is that the downward curvature of the lithospheric upper mantle caused by crustal thickening leads to a small mantle heat flow component. As a result, the heat flows in the Qiaboqia Valley and Guide Plain of the Gonghe Basin are 106.2 and 77.6 mW/m2, respectively, in which the crust-mantle heat flow ratio of the former is 3.12:1, indicating a notably anomalous intracrustal thermal structure. In contrast, the crust-mantle heat flow ratio in the Guide Plain is 1.84:1, which reflects a typical hot crust-cold mantle thermal structure. The Guide Plain and Zhacanggou area show the same increasing temperature trend with depth, which reflects that their geothermal backgrounds and deep high-temperature environments are similar. These results provide important insight on the heat source mechanism of HDR resource formation in the Tibetan Plateau and useful guidance for future HDR resource exploration projects and target sites selection in similar areas. 相似文献
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The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative, abbreviated as the Belt and Road Initiative, is a primary development strategy of China’s future international cooperation. Especially, the energy resource cooperation, including oil and gas resources cooperation, is an important part of this initiative. The Belt and Road has undergone complicated geological evolution, and contains abundant mineral resources such as oil, gas, coal, uranium, iron, copper, gold and manganese ore resources. Among these, Africa holds 7.8% of the world’s total proven oil reserves. The oil and gas resources in Africa are relatively concentrated, with an overall low exploration degree and small consumption demand. Nigeria and Libya contain the most abundant oil resources in Africa, accounting for 2.2% and 2.9% of the world’s total reserves, respectively. Nigeria and Algeria hold the richest natural gas resources in Africa, occupying 2.8% and 2.4% of the world’s total reserves, respectively. Africa’s oil and gas resources are mainly concentrated in Egypt, Sultan and Western Sahara regions in the northern Africa, and the Gulf of Guinea, Niger River and Congo River area in the western Africa. The Russia–Central Asia area holds rich petroleum resources in Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The potential oil and gas areas include the West Siberia Basin, East Siberia Basin and sea continental shelf in Russia, the northern and central Caspian Basin in Kazakhstan, the right bank of the Amu-Darya Basin, the East Karakum uplift and the South Caspian Basin in Turkmenistan, and the Amu–Daria Basin, Fergana Basin, Afghan–Tajik Basin and North Ustyurt Basin in Uzbekistan. The Middle East oil and gas resources are mainly distributed in the Zagros foreland basin and Arabian continental margin basin, and the main oil-producing countries include Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq. The Asia Pacific region is a new oil and gas consumption center, with rapid growth of oil and gas demand. In 2012, this region consumed about 33.6% of the world’s total oil consumption and 18.9% of the world’s total natural gas consumption, which has been ranked the world’s largest oil and gas consumption center. The oil and gas resources are concentrated in China, Indosinian, Malaysia, Australia and India. The abundant European proven crude oil reserves are in Norway, Britain and Denmark and also rich natural gas resources in Norway, Holland and Britain. Norway and Britain contain about 77.5% of European proven oil reserves, which accounts for only 0.9% of the world’s proven reserves. The Europe includes main petroliferous basins of the Voring Basin, Anglo–Dutch Basin, Northwest German Basin, Northeast German–Polish Basin and Carpathian Basin. According to the analysis of source rocks, reservoir rocks, cap rocks and traps for the main petroliferous basins, the potential oil and gas prospecting targets in the Belt and Road are mainly the Zagros Basin and Arabic Platform in the Middle East, the East Barents Sea Basin and the East Siberia Basin in Russia–Central Asia, the Niger Delta Basin, East African rift system and the Australia Northwest Shelf. With the development of oil and gas theory and exploration technology, unconventional petroleum resources will play an increasingly important role in oil and gas industry. 相似文献
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涡轮钻具由于其耐高温、高转速的特点,使其在高温和硬岩地层的钻进过程中发挥着重要的作用,并成为干热岩钻井和高温油气井钻井等领域的研究热点之一。本文从涡轮钻具的发展历程出发,对涡轮钻具的特点进行了系统地总结,从涡轮钻具的结构优化、涡轮叶片的设计与加工、轴承节的性能提升、减速涡轮钻具的研发、钻进新工艺的探索等5个方面对国内外涡轮钻具的研究进展进行了综述,发现总结了涡轮钻具研究过程中存在的一些问题,并结合我国在相关领域的实际需求,对未来我国涡轮钻具的重点研究方向提出了建议。 相似文献
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《China Geology》2018,1(2):257-272
There are three types of shale gas resources in China. The resources are present in large amounts and are widely distributed. Marine facies, transitional facies and continental facies resources each account for a third. Based on resource distributions, there are many wells penetrated into the Sinian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian strata of the Yangtze plate and its periphery, the North China Craton and the Tarim Basin. Many years of exploration have indicated that the marine Silurian Longmaxi shale gas is widely distributed in south China and has been industrialized in its production in the Sichuan basin. The shale gas from the Cambrian Niutitang Formation and the Sinian Doushantuo Formation are important discoveries in Yichang, Hubei and Zhenba, Shanxi. There are also shale gas resources found within transitional facies and continental facies in different areas in China. The “two element enrichment theory” has been summarized during the exploration process of Silurian marine shale gas in the Sichuan Basin. In addition, horizontal drilling and fracturing technologies up to 3500 m in depth have been developed. Based on the understanding of shale gas accumulation in a complex tectonic zone outside the Sichuan basin, a preliminary summary of the formation of the “converse fault syncline control reservoir” and “paleo uplift control reservoir” model has been constructed. The dominant theory of “Trinity” shale gas enrichment and the high yield of the “deep water Lu Pengxiang sedimentary facies belt, structural preservation conditions and overpressure” is summarized. Guided by the above theories. Anye1 well in Guizhou and Eyangye1 well in Hubei were drilled. “Four storey” oil and shale gas is found in the Permian Qixia group, the Silurian Shiniulan Formation, the Longmaxi Formation and the Ordovician Baota Formation in Anye1 well. Good shale gas has been gound in the Cambrian Niutitang formation inian Doushantuo formation in Eyangye 1well. This paper aims to summarize and review the main progress, theoretical technology and problems of shale gas exploration and development in recent years in China, and predicts the future exploration and development direction for shale gas and possible exploration areas. 相似文献
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地热资源是一种宝贵的清洁矿产资源,属于新能源家族中重要成员之一。地热资源的形成严格受地质构造控制。随着我国能源勘探工作重点西移,在鄂尔多斯盆地特别是在其周缘断陷盆地中发现了储量丰富的中-低温地热资源,但是,对其形成机理与属性研究却明显不足,在一定程度上制约了该地区地热资源的广泛利用。本文在总结研究鄂尔多斯及其周缘断陷盆地地质构造特征的基础上,系统全面地总结了地质构造和地热研究成果,定性分析了大地热流、地温梯度和地温场分布与地质构造的关系。研究认为,鄂尔多斯块体是一个相对完整、断裂不发育的构造单元,块体内大地热流、地温梯度整体偏低。然而鄂尔多斯块体周缘构造边界带则呈现出环状高值异常,带内热流值、地温梯度都比块体内部高。说明鄂尔多斯周缘地质构造控制着地热资源的形成。 相似文献
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广安气田勘探开发层位为上三叠统须家河组须六段和须四段。储层砂体为三角洲分流河道、水下分流河道和河口坝沉积,为典型低孔、低渗孔隙型储层。气藏分布受构造和或岩性控制,发育了构造气藏、构造—岩性气藏和岩性气藏。为指导气田开发井位部署与合理配产,根据试采资料研究了气井产能特征,并把气井产能划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ4大类7亚类,各类气井产能差异大,产水量差异也大,其中Ⅰ类、Ⅱ_1亚类和Ⅲ_1亚类气井产能较好或较稳定。通过分析控制广安气田气井产能的因素,认识到储层沉积微相、单井动储量、构造位置、产水量与工艺措施对气井产能有重要影响。在水动力强的分流河道、水下分流河道和河口坝沉积相带中,单井控制动储量越大,构造位置越高,产水量越小,压裂和储层保护措施相对合理,气井往往具有较高产能。 相似文献
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“一带一路”国家钾盐及硼资源分布规律与开采技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着中国经济快速发展,对钾盐和硼矿的需求快速增加。世界钾盐资源主要集中在北美洲和欧洲。在参阅大量资料后,初步估算"一带一路"国家地区钾盐资源量(以K2O当量计算)约112×10~8t,主要分布在柴达木盆地、塔里木盆地、呵叻盆地(含沙空那空盆地)、中亚盆地、死海盆地和涅帕盆地。硼矿资源73%的储量和70%的储量基础分布于美国、土耳其、俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦,"一带一路"国家中硼资源主要分布于俄罗斯、土耳其、哈萨克斯坦、塞尔维亚等国家。据美国地质调查局2014年公布的数据,世界探明硼储量约2.43×10~8t,"一带一路"地区探明硼储量约1.46×10~8t,约占世界探明硼储量的69.5%。对"一带一路"国家钾盐矿和硼矿资源分布做了详细统计,对典型矿床的地质特征进行了简单的概括,介绍了钾盐和硼矿的开发技术,讨论了中国利用境外钾盐及硼资源的首选地区,为中国企业"走出去"提供有益信息。 相似文献
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2012—2014年老矿山深部和外围找矿成果数据集是对地质矿产调查评价专项“老矿山深部和外围找矿”计划项目实施的168项勘查类项目成果数据进行整理而得。本数据集提供经费、工作量和成果三部分数据。经费数据为项目实施中实际投入经费,包括中央财政投入、地方财政投入、企业投入经费数据。工作量数据是项目实际完成的主要实物工作量,包括钻探、坑探、槽探数据。成果数据包括168个勘查类项目新增的资源量、延长矿山服务年限、稳定职工就业人数等数据（铀矿信息未列出）。全部数据均是实际投入和完成的,成果数据是经过国家和省级储量评审机构评审或备案的,数据质量可靠,已经公开出版、可共享并提供下载。老矿山找矿成果数据可以反映中国近年来矿产勘查投入和矿山地质工作现状,为分析当前中国矿产资源形势、提出矿产资源勘查对策建议提供基础数据支撑。 相似文献
19.