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1.
The Uhangri Formation forms part of the Cretaceous sedimentary sequence deposited in a series of inland basins in the south-western Korean Peninsula. It comprises an approximately 400-m-thick epiclastic sequence of conglomerate, (gravelly) sandstone, cherty mudstone and black shale. The entire sequence can be represented by 16 distinctive sedimentary facies organized into four facies associations. Facies association I is characterized by thick homogeneous brownish siltstone, wedge-shaped disorganized conglomerate and thinly interlayered gravelly sandstone units. The siltstone units were formed by large floods submerging the alluvial fan fringe (floodplain), whereas the conglomerate and gravelly sandstone units were deposited by sheetfloods and debris flows. Facies association II consists of stratified conglomerate — gravelly sandstone, laminated sandstone and sandstone/siltstone couplets which form fining-upward cycles. Some facies units are low-angle trough cross-bedded and show broad channel geometries. This association represents subaqueous delta lobes fed by high- and low-concentration turbidity currents in the distal delta realm. Facies association III is characterized, by wedged conglomerate and gravelly sandstone facies with interfingered massive sandstone bounded by scoured bases. It represents a delta front where distributary channels and mouth bars are dominant. Facies association IV consists of laterally continuous sequence of laminated black shale, crudely stratified sandstone and convoluted sandstone/cherty mudstone. This facies association is suggestive of depositional processes controlled by chemical equilibrium resulting from an interaction between density inflows and lake water. The cherty mudstone resulted from inorganic precipitation from siliceous solution provided by acidic volcanism. The Uhangri sequence generally shows a fining-upward trend with a transition from alluvial fan fringe, coarse-grained subaqueous delta, to shallow lake. The retrogradation was probably due to continuous subsidence related to continental rifting in the oblique-slip mobile zone. 相似文献
2.
Sedimentology of a lacustrine fan-delta system, Miocene Horse Camp Formation, Nevada, USA 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A 1600-m-thick succession of the Miocene Horse Camp Formation (Member 2) exposed in east-central Nevada records predominantly terrigenous clastic deposition in subaerial and subaqueous fan-delta environments and nearshore and offshore lacustrine environments. These four depositional environments are distinguished by particular associations of individual facies (14 defined facies). Subaerial and subaqueous fan-delta facies associations include: ungraded, matrix-and clast-supported conglomerate; normally graded, matrix- and clast-supported conglomerate; ungraded and normally graded sandstone; and massive to poorly laminated mudstone. Subaqueous fan-delta deposits typically have dewatering structures, distorted bedding and interbedded mudstone. The subaerial fan-delta environment was characterized by debris flows, hyperconcentrated flows and minor sheetfloods; the subaqueous fan-delta environment by debris flows, high- and low-density turbidity currents, and suspension fallout. The nearshore lacustrine facies association provides examples of deposits and processes rarely documented in lacustrine environments. High-energy oscillatory wave currents, probably related to a large fetch, reworked grains as large as 2 cm into horizontally stratified sand and gravel. Offshore-directed currents produced uncommonly large (typically 1–2 m thick) trough cross-stratified sandstone. In addition, stromatolitic carbonate interbedded with stratified coarse sandstone and conglomerate suggests a dynamic environment characterized by episodic terrigenous clastic deposition under high-energy conditions alternating with periods of carbonate precipitation under reduced energy conditions. Massive and normally graded sandstone and massive to poorly laminated mudstone characterize the offshore lacustrine facies association and record deposition by turbidity currents and suspension fallout. A depositional model constructed for the Horse Camp Formation (Member 2) precludes the existence of all four depositional environments at any particular time. Rather, phases characterized by deposition in subaerial fan, nearshore lacustrine and offshore lacustrine environments alternated with phases of subaerial fan-delta, subaqueous fan-delta and offshore lacustrine deposition. This model suggests that high-energy nearshore currents due to deep water along the lake margin reworked sediment of the fan edge, thus preventing development of a subaqueous fan-delta environment and promoting development of a well-defined nearshore lacustrine environment. Low-energy nearshore currents induced by shallow water along the 相似文献
3.
通过对大量储层物性数据的分析和整理,结合薄片观察和扫描电镜分析结果,研究了不同构造背景、不同沉积类型及不同埋深的储层物性特征及其控制因素。东营凹陷近系碎屑岩储层类型多样,大多形成在冲积扇-河流、扇三角洲、近岸水下扇、深水浊积扇、三角洲前缘滑塌浊积扇以及滨浅湖滩坝等多种沉积环境中。碎屑岩储层类型主要包括砾岩、含砾砂岩、中粗砂岩、细砂岩及粉砂岩。其中中砂岩和细砂岩是最好的储层。但是不同地区、不同类型储层物性存在较大的差异。物性最好的储层为河道、（扇）三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝砂体。在相同深度条件下,中央隆起带的物性最好,北部和南部次之。另外,本区随埋藏深度增加,碎屑岩储层物性逐渐变差（剔除次生孔隙的影响）。根据碎屑岩储层物性差异性分析和储层成岩演化研究结果,其储层物性主要受压实作用、碳酸盐溶蚀与胶结作用及沉积条件四大因素控制,其中压实作用、溶蚀作用及胶结作用是主要控制因素,而沉积条件对物性的影响主要表现在控制原生孔隙的发育程度,并进一步控制溶蚀、胶结等成岩作用。 相似文献
4.
准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷西斜坡下三叠统百口泉组内，发育了世界上罕见的、最典型的大型扇三角洲。在岩芯沉积特征观察、岩石粒度与成分分析等基础上，结合测、钻井资料等，对该大型湖相扇三角洲的沉积特征与演化规律开展系统的研究，并建立了沉积与演化模式。结果表明:百口泉组沉积时期，玛西斜坡区发育了两个大型扇三角洲，其延伸距离可大于40 km；该扇三角洲相包含扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘及前扇三角洲3个亚相，以及泥石流、扇面河道、碎屑流、水下分流河道、河口砂坝及前扇三角洲泥等9个微相；该扇三角洲富含砾质，总体上以重力流沉积（泥石流和碎屑流微相）的砾岩与牵引流沉积（扇面河道和水下分流河道微相）的砾岩、含砾砂岩交替叠置为特点；前缘环境的水下分流河道延伸近二十千米，且一直保持以砾质为主；纵向上，自百一段到百三段，该扇三角洲表现为典型的连续退积式，沉积演化规律十分清楚，其中，百一段沉积时期，该扇三角洲以扇三角洲平原占据主导地位，至百三段沉积时期，该扇三角洲则演化为以扇三角洲前缘为主，得益于水下分流河道的长距离延伸，使其依然保持为大型的扇三角洲。 相似文献
5.
苏北盆地高邮凹陷古近系戴南组沉积相及沉积演化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据岩心、电测曲线、录井以及地震资料,对苏北盆地高邮凹陷古近系戴南组的沉积相类型、展布特征及其演化规律进行了系统的研究。结果表明,戴南组发育扇三角洲、三角洲、近岸水下扇和湖泊四种沉积相类型,扇三角洲、近岸水下扇分布在凹陷南部陡坡,三角洲分布在北部缓坡,湖泊分布在凹陷的中心及扇三角洲、三角洲、近岸水下扇的侧翼,从凹陷边缘到中心,沉积相由扇三角洲、三角洲、近岸水下扇沉积逐渐变为滨浅湖、半深湖沉积,整体呈南北分异、隆凹成带的格局。戴南组的沉积演化可划分为戴南组一段和戴南组二段两个时期,不同时期的沉积特征、沉积相展布表现各异,总体表现出水体由浅变深,再变浅,沉积范围逐渐扩大,扇三角洲、三角洲、近岸水下扇先退积,后进积的特点。 相似文献
6.
涠西南凹陷涠洲10-3油田及围区流三段沉积相研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了促进涠西南凹陷涠洲10-3油田及围区流三段油藏的滚动勘探开发,开展了油区沉积相精细研究。利用岩芯、录井、测井和地震等资料,在识别不同级别层序界面和湖泛面的基础上,将涠洲10-3油田及围区流三段划分为2个长期基准面旋回和8个中期基准面旋回,建立了高分辨率层序地层对比格架。在岩芯描述基础上,进行单井沉积相、连井沉积相、平面沉积相分析,认为研究区流三段发育冲积扇、扇三角洲和湖泊3种沉积相,并系统划分了沉积微相类型。探讨了碎屑流沉积的相带归属,将发育在河道中的碎屑流沉积划分为河道型碎屑流沉积,将单独产出的碎屑流沉积根据沉积环境不同划分为水上非河道化碎屑流沉积和水下非河道化碎屑流沉积。最后对各中期基准面旋回的沉积相展布特征和演化规律进行了探讨,并建立了符合研究区的沉积相模式。 相似文献
7.
苏北盆地高邮凹陷是江苏油田的主要油气勘探开发区，是一个南断北超的典型箕状断陷湖盆，其中的古近系戴南组为一套厚度近2 000 m的河湖相砂泥岩地层，从下到上分为一段和二段。通过沉积充填分析和沉积相编图，戴南组一段沉积时，苏北盆地断陷构造活动相对强烈，地形高差大，水体相对较深，水体范围相对较小，从南向北分别发育近岸水下扇、湖底扇、三角洲等沉积相类型。戴南组二段沉积时，构造活动有所减弱，地形高差变小，水体相对较浅，水体范围扩大至整个凹陷，从南向北分别发育扇三角洲、湖底扇、三角洲等沉积相类型。利用砂岩等厚图等资料，确定了戴南组的沉积相图。沉积相在平面上分布范围明确，纵向上既有差异性又有继承性。高邮凹陷边缘和内部的同沉积断层对沉积相和砂体的发育分布起着重要的控制作用，沉积相控制了油气分布，特别是对隐蔽油气藏形成起重要作用。高邮凹陷戴南组的隐蔽圈闭类型主要有地层超覆、断层-岩性、砂岩上倾尖灭及透镜体圈闭等。湖底扇、三角洲前缘、扇三角洲前缘、近岸水下扇中扇等为有利的储集岩相带。结合石油地质条件的分析，确定了联18-马18井区等几个有利的隐蔽油藏勘探区。 相似文献
8.
受制于钻井资料少及地质条件复杂,珠江口盆地白云主洼古近系文昌组三级层序格架内的沉积体系发育特征及沉积充填演化关系一直缺乏系统研究,严重制约着白云主洼深部地层的油气勘探。基于三维地震和钻井资料,采用层序原型结构剖面恢复、增强地震相分析、砂体地震扫描解释等新技术方法,重建白云主洼文昌组三级层序的沉积体系,并结合主洼构造演化特征,还原文昌组的沉积充填演化过程。结果表明: 白云主洼文昌组发育4个“源-汇”体系,分别为西北缓坡带纯陆源碎屑的大型辫状河三角洲—湖泊相沉积、东北斜坡带陆源与火山碎屑混源的大—中型辫状河三角洲—湖泊相沉积、西南轴向陡坡带纯陆源碎屑的近岸水下扇和扇三角洲—湖泊相沉积、东南陡坡带陆源与火山碎屑混源的小型近岸水下扇及扇三角洲—湖泊相沉积。白云主洼文昌组沉积时期的演化过程可大致分为河流(WCSQ1下段)、河流—湖泊(WCSQ1上段)、超深湖发育(WCSQ2下段)、超深湖早期充填(WCSQ2上段)、超深湖充填(WCSQ3、WCSQ4)、浅湖发育(WCSQ5)等6个发育阶段,湖盆经历了初始成盆、强烈断陷为超深湖、被大规模沉积充填为深湖—半深湖,最后直至充填为浅湖的沉积演化过程。 相似文献
9.
以珠江口盆地白云凹陷钻井、测井、地震和古生物资料为基础,结合前人研究成果,系统的分析了白云凹陷晚渐新统到早中新统沉积相发育特征及凹陷沉积充填演化过程。研究结果表明,珠海组下部发育大型陆架边缘三角洲沉积,地震反射特征表明该三角洲发育三期;钻遇水下分支河道、支流间湾、河口坝及远砂坝微相,沉积物以富砂为特征,发育冲刷-充填构造、递变层理及较粗的水平潜穴等多种构造;珠海组上部为浅海相,沉积物以海相砂泥岩互层为主,此时期陆架坡折带位于白云凹陷南坡;珠江组沉积时期,海平面升降旋回频繁,陆架坡折带迁至凹陷北坡。随着古珠江流域扩大,沉积物输入量增加,在珠江组下部发育了深水扇,沉积物以细-粗砂岩为主,夹少量粉砂岩及深海泥岩,发育颗粒流、液化流、浊流及碎屑流等四种主要的重力流,钻遇内扇水道,中扇废弃水道及水道间漫溢沉积,外扇深海泥沉积;珠江组上部为半深海相,沉积物以深海泥岩为主。 相似文献
10.
以徐家围子断陷安达地区下白垩统沙河子组层序4砂砾岩为研究对象,利用相对丰富的成像测井资料,划分了单井砂砾岩体的沉积旋回及沉积微相,结合古水流及地震属性,明确了它们的沉积特征。结果表明:利用岩芯标定成像,明确沙河子组以粗碎屑沉积为主;砾岩磨圆、分选中等-较差,成像为亮色斑状;砂岩多为浅灰色、灰色中砂岩、细砂岩,成像为明亮色条带状。发育交错层理、递变层理等多种层理类型和球枕构造、负荷构造、滑塌构造等多种变形构造。以不同岩性、沉积构造、沉积相类型成像分析为基础,建立了高精度的岩性、粒度、磨圆、分选等参数纵向变化序列图,明确研究区发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、湖泊、近岸水下扇等4种沉积相类型。安达地区层序4可划分为3个四级层序,不同四级层序古水流方向及沉积相平面分布存在差异,整体上具有陡坡带以扇三角洲为主、局部发育近岸水下扇、缓坡带发育辫状河三角洲的沉积相平面展布特征。在河道砂体与湖相泥岩指状交互的前缘位置,源-储叠置发育,成藏要素匹配较好,是有利的勘探目标区。 相似文献
11.
The Permo-Carboniferous Talchir Formation in the southeastern part of the Talchir basin is represented by about 260 m thick clastic succession resting on the Precambrian basement rocks of the Eastern Ghats Group. The succession is tentatively subdivided into four lithostratigraphic units, namely A-I, A-II, B and C from base to top. Unit A-I comprises mud-matrixed, very poorly sorted diamictites and interbedded thin sandstone and mudstone yielding dropstones. They reveal deposition in a proglacial lake environment in which ice rafting and suspension sedimentation, as well as meltwater-underflow processes, produced variety of facies. The succession of unit A-II is dominated by pebble to boulder conglomerates and sandstones. They were deposited mostly from various kinds of high-energy sediment gravity flows, both subaerial and subaqueous, and formed steep-faced fan-delta on the margin of the basin. Unit B demonstrates turbidite sedimentation in lake-margin slope and base-of-slope environments, in which a sublacustrine channel-fan system developed. The lake-margin slope was dissected by channels which were accompanied by overbank and levee deposits. Sediments delivered from the mouth of a channel were deposited at the base-of-slope, forming a fan lobe which prograded onto the lake basin floor. Unit C dominantly consists of mudstone with intercalations of siltstone and sandstone and forms a large-scale coarsening-upward deltaic sequence eventually covered by the fluvial deposits of the Karharbari Formation.Following the glacially influenced sedimentation, the Talchir succession shows a vertical facies progression suggesting gradual deepening of the lake basin and eventual filling up of it due to rapid delta progradation. Such a succession represents deglacial control on basin evolution during the Talchir time. In the initial stage of glacial recession, collapse of a glacier and failure of montane glacial lakes frequently occurred and gave rise to generation of a highly sediment-laden debris flow and a catastrophic flood, which brought abundant coarse clastics into the lake and built a fan-delta on the basin margin. The continued recession and disappearance of glacier resulted in abundant supply of ice-melt water into the graben as well as eustatic sea-level rise, being the cause of the rise in lake-level. Subsequent rapid delta progradation and eventual filling-up of the lake basin suggest rapid lake-level fall after deepening of lake basin. It was possibly caused by the regional uplift due to post-glacial isostatic rebound. Rapid draining of lake water through the graben gave rise to the establishment of an axial drainage system which rapidly filled the lake basin in form of an axially fed delta. 相似文献
12.
博格达山前凹陷上二叠统乌拉泊组沉积相及沉积模式 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
有关准噶尔盆地南缘上二叠统乌拉泊组的沉积环境, 一直存在较大争议。作者根据沉积物中的地球化学标志、碎屑岩的粒度分布特征及泥岩中的粘土矿物组合, 对博格达山前凹陷上二叠统乌拉泊组的沉积环境进行了分析, 认为乌拉泊组为一套海退背景下的沉积产物, 底部属海相沉积, 中、上部为陆相沉积。通过对野外剖面的岩性组合、沉积物的结构、原生沉积构造及沉积韵律等特征的研究, 在乌拉泊组中, 从底到顶识别出四种沉积相类型, 分别为潮坪相、滨岸水下扇相、辫状河流相和冲积扇相, 本区沉积相的演化主要受控于博格达陆间裂谷带的形成和发展. 相似文献
13.
酒西盆地石北地区晚侏罗-早白垩世沉积相研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文运用沉积学和地球化学、地球物理学及数理统计学方法,对研究区上侏罗--下白垩统的沉积特征。依地面与井下资料作了综合研究,划分出7种沉积相类型,探讨了相组合分布、相序演化规律及构造运动、古气候、古地形等诸多控制因素,建立了石北箕状同生凹陷沉积模式,并总结出各类沉积相的元素指标及伴随相演化、锶/钡、钒/镍、镁/钙等多项元素比值变化的规律。 相似文献
14.
基于野外剖面和室内沉积学研究,对古错地区侏罗纪末期-早白垩世地层进行详细描述和修订,识别出6种主要岩相类型：红褐色（风化色）石英砾岩、灰色－黄绿色岩屑砾岩、灰白色石英砂岩、灰色－黄绿色岩屑砂岩、灰色－黄绿色长石岩屑砂岩、灰色、深灰色、黑色页岩。发现粒序层理、水平层理、平行层理、板状交错层理、丘状交错层理等层理构造、波痕和槽模层面构造、重荷模和砂岩岩墙变形构造以及侵蚀面构造、叠瓦状构造、硬底、结核等沉积构造和生物遗迹。识别出三角洲（包括三角洲前缘亚相和前三角洲亚相）和陆棚（包括受风暴影响的陆棚相亚相和深水陆棚相亚相）两类沉积相,其中三角洲前缘亚相进一步划分为水下分流河道、分流河口砂坝和远砂坝等微相。建立了侏罗纪末期-早白垩世沉积相序及其演化,并在此基础上分析了沉积环境变化。 相似文献
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在岩心观察的基础上,结合录井及多种分析化验资料,对吐哈盆地鲁克沁地区二叠系梧桐沟组沉积相标志、物源方向、沉积相展布及沉积模式进行研究。结果表明,梧桐沟组沉积时期,鲁克沁地区湖盆经历了由断陷湖盆向坳陷湖盆转换的过程。梧桐沟组一段沉积时期,研究区东西两侧发育水下扇沉积,扇中水道形成多期叠置的厚层泥质砂砾岩沉积,砂砾岩分布面积大,物性较差。梧桐沟组二段和三段沉积时期,湖盆水体变浅,湖岸坡度变缓,研究区东西两侧发育扇三角洲沉积,前缘水下分流河道形成了几套厚10~15 m的砂砾岩沉积,分选性好于水下扇形成的砂砾岩,物性相对较好。相比较而言,扇三角前缘水下分流河道砂体和水下扇砂体顶部的含砾砂岩是较好的储集体。该研究成果将对鲁克沁稠油聚集带储集层预测及区带优选具有指导意义。 相似文献
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泌阳断陷湖盆陆相层序水进体系域以退积型扇三角洲为其沉积主体，靠近构造枢纽的陡坡带边缘，冲积扇相域越来越窄，而向盆内则由滨浅湖逐渐过渡为半深湖。断陷湖盆水体属水进型湖泊。水进体系域中油气潜在储集体包括冲积扇的辫状河道砂体及扇三角洲的分流河道、水下分流河道、河口砂坝和前缘席状砂体。但由于它们形成的古环境及物理化学条件的不同，其砂砾岩中所含粘土矿物类型及数量亦有显著差异，对其储集性能将产生不同程度的影响。 相似文献
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水下扇是断陷湖泊中一种重要沉积类型,近年来受到关注度越来越高。海洋和湖泊中与重力流有关的各类扇体的术语很多,诸如深水扇、盆底扇、湖底扇、斜坡扇、滑塌扇和浊积扇等,而它们都是不同类型的水下扇。国内沉积学界对湖泊水下扇这一术语的合理性一直有争议,与之相关的术语有水下冲积扇、近岸水下扇和远岸浊积岸等。文中梳理了有关水下扇的一些术语的含义异同,进而明确了断陷湖泊水下扇的基本类型;明确提出了湖泊外部物源体系与内部物源体系,并由此建立了湖泊水下扇的沉积分布模式;最后讨论对比了水下扇、冲积扇及扇三角洲之间的沉积差异,以期为今后深入研究这一类型沉积体提供借鉴。 相似文献
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Coarse-grained submarine fan and slope apron deposits in a Cretaceous back-arc basin, Antarctica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. R. INESON 《Sedimentology》1989,36(5):793-819
The Cretaceous of west James Ross Island, Antarctica represents the proximal fill of a late Mesozoic back-arc basin that was probably initiated by oblique extension during the early development of the Weddell Sea. The succession records sedimentation in two contrasting depositional systems: a laterally persistent slope apron flanking the faulted basin margin interrupted both spatially and temporally by coarse-grained submarine fans. Slope apron deposits are dominated by thinly interbedded turbiditic sandstones and mudstones (mudstone association), interspersed with non-channelized chaotic boulder beds, intraformational slump sheets and isolated exotic blocks representing a spectrum of mass-flow processes from debris flow to submarine gliding. Localized sand-rich sequences (sandstone-breccia association) represent sandy debris lobes at the mouths of active slope chutes. The submarine fan sediments (conglomerate association) are typified by coarse conglomerates and pebbly sandstones, interpreted as the deposits of high-density turbidity currents and non-cohesive debris flows. Three assemblages are recognized and are suggested to represent components of the inner channelled zone of coarse-grained submarine fans, from major fan channels through ephemeral, marginal channels or terraces to levee or interchannel environments. The occurrence of both slope apron and submarine fan depositional systems during the Early and Mid-Cretaceous is attributed to localized input of coarse arc-derived sediment along a tectonically active basin margin. Periods of extensive fan development were probably linked to regional tectonic uplift and rejuvenation of the arc source region; cyclicity within individual fan sequences is attributed to migration or switching of fan channels or canyons. Slope apron sedimentation was controlled largely by intrabasinal tectonics. Local unconformities and packets of amalgamated slide sheets and debris flow deposits probably reflect episodic movement on basin margin faults. Differential subsidence across the basin margin anchored the basin slope for at least 20 Myr and precluded basinward progradation of shallow marine environments. 相似文献
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Sedimentology and tectonic implications of Cretaceous fan-delta conglomerates, Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ROGER HIGGS 《Sedimentology》1990,37(1):83-103
The Honna Formation, of Coniacian age, consists of several hundred metres of polymictic clast-supported conglomerate associated with sandstone and mudstone. Five conglomerate facies are recognized: ungraded beds; inverse graded beds; normal graded beds; inverse-to-normal graded beds; and parallel-stratified beds. These facies are interpreted as the deposits of subaqueous cohesionless debris flows and/or high-density turbidity currents. The depositional environment was a deep-water, gravelly fan that draped a fault-controlled, basin-margin slope. The fan is inferred to have passed upslope directly into an alluvial fan (unpreserved); hence, the name fan delta can be applied to the overall depositional system. This type of fan delta, of which the Brae oilfield in the North Sea is an example, is defined here as a deep-water fan delta. The lack of a shelf is in marked contrast to other types of fan delta. Three facies associations are recognized in the Honna Formation: subaqueous proximal-fan conglomerates, distal-fan turbiditic sandstones, and pro-fan/interfan mudstones with thin sandy turbidites. The proximal fan is envisaged as an unchannelled gravel belt with a downslope length of at least 20 km; such a long subaqueous gravel belt lacks a known modern analogue. The distal fan was an unchannelled sandy extension of the proximal gravel belt. It is postulated that the Honna Formation accumulated in a foreland basin which migrated westwards from the Coast Mountains where the Wrangellia-Alexander terrane was colliding with North America. In this model, the Honna fan delta was sourced by a (west-verging) thrust sheet whose sole-thrust was the Sandspit Fault immediately to the east. Deep-water fan deltas appear to develop preferentially when eustatic sea-level is relatively high, so that the‘feeder’ alluvial fan is small, and gravelly throughout. In petroleum exploration and field development, care should be taken to distinguish deep-water fan deltas from base-of-slope (canyon-fed) submarine fans, because the two systems differ significantly in terms of coarse-sediment distribution. 相似文献