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1.
Duncan F.M. McGregor Andrew Adam‐Bradford Donald A. Thompson David Simon 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2011,32(3):382-398
This paper outlines pressures on agricultural land in periurban Kumasi, Ghana. A survey of agricultural practices underlines the recent and rapid transition from agricultural to urban land use in the periurban interface, and shows how farmers are reacting by reducing fallow periods. Farmers are also intensifying agriculture near streams and rivers through increased use of irrigation, in response to growing urban markets for a wider range of vegetables. We identify specific problems of water resource pollution and waste management, with particular reference to farmland irrigation. We report results of composting interventions as a community‐based waste management strategy. We consider integrated organic waste recycling as a generic strategy to help protect periurban natural resources, to enhance food production through nutrient recycling, and to improve community sanitation. 相似文献
2.
Evaristo Mwaba Kapungwe 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2011,32(1):71-84
Studies on urban and periurban agriculture in Zambia have not adequately tackled land use practices in relation to problems associated with wastewater irrigated farming. This study investigated land use practices in two wastewater irrigated farming areas in the industrial towns of Mufulira and Kafue respectively in the Copperbelt and Lusaka provinces of Zambia. Drawing on data from field interviews and focus group discussions, as well as laboratory analysis of the heavy metal content in the wastewater used for irrigation in farm plots at both sites, the study outlines the problems associated with wastewater irrigated farming, including the vulnerability context of those whose livelihoods depend on insecure access to vacant land for informal farming. The findings also confirm the heavy metal contamination of the wastewater used for farming, as well as seepage into the surrounding environment, from mining and industrial enterprises located amidst residential areas. The characteristics of mixed land use, high crop diversification, multiple cropping systems and multiple livelihood practices found in these areas of informal farming are similar to those noted in periurban farming in other developing economy contexts. Given that wastewater irrigated crop farming forms part of the livelihood portfolio among the majority of periurban populations, these preliminary results reinforce the need for municipal authorities to improve scrutiny of land use regulation, raise awareness among informal farmers of the hazards associated with using domestic sewage wastewater and untreated industrial effluents, and ensure improve treatment of the wastewater used for human consumption. 相似文献
3.
城市更新是构建可持续城市和落实中国高质量发展战略的重要手段。为综合认知可持续城市更新时空演进路径和协同驱动机理,论文梳理了可持续城市更新研究概况,凝练其时空演进路径和区域差异,解析影响因素、驱动机理和典型空间响应模式,并从理论和政策维度进行研究展望。研究发现：① 可持续城市更新形成了从“发展瓶颈倒逼”到“可持续愿景牵引”的时空演进路径,同时在时序化进程、本地化过程与空间演进历程中表征出显著的区域差异性;② 综合地理环境影响可持续城市更新的空间模式,利益相关者决定可持续城市更新的组织模式,政府主导、市场主导和多元驱动等组织模式作用于不同时空尺度的功能空间形成了5类典型空间响应模式;③ 可持续城市更新未来研究需聚焦于全球可持续发展和国内高质量发展目标,定量厘清面向可持续城市更新的驱动因子、主控因素和协同机理,建立保障可持续城市发展的城市更新管控方法库与政策集。中国在实践中需要健全“国家—区域—城市”的多尺度管控制度,建立可持续目标导向的城市更新精细化管理系统,并完善多主体协同的城市更新参与机制。 相似文献
4.
乡村政治能人治理能力与产业融合发展的耦合关系及作用机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
乡村治理是中国治理体系的底层与基座,产业融合发展是乡村振兴的核心,也是考量乡村治理绩效的重要方面。在现行的“乡政村治”治理模式下,政治能人替代传统乡贤成为新的乡村治理主体,探究其治理能力与产业融合发展之间的耦合关系及作用机制,对实现乡村振兴战略、构建“三治合一”的治理体系具有重大而深远的意义。本文在系统检视政治能人—产业融合发展耦合关系和作用机制框架的基础上,分别建构了政治能人治理能力、乡村产业融合发展的测评指标体系,以甘肃省金昌市139个行政村为评价单元,采用地理探测器模型,揭示了治理能力与产业融合发展的耦合关系及作用机制。研究表明：① 139个行政村中,“内生”型（En型）和“内生+嵌入”型（En-Em型）村庄分别占45.3%和54.7%,两类村庄中,内涵特征指标值差异较小,而外延指标值En-Em型村庄较En型村庄大;② 产业融合以中低水平为主,且En-Em型村庄产业融合的基础、广度和深度以及效果均好于En型村庄;③ 单因子探测显示两类村庄乡村产业融合受外延因子的影响较内涵因子大,且En-Em型村庄较En型村庄弱;双因子交互作用探测显示内涵因子在En型村庄中的作用较En-Em型村庄强,而外延因子相反,表明嵌入型政治能人治理能力对产业融合的作用较为显著。 相似文献
5.
Understanding population growth in the peri-urban region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ford T 《International journal of population geography : IJPG》1999,5(4):297-311
This article advocates a new approach to understanding periurban population growth. A conceptual model is developed that identifies four distinct growth processes: suburbanization, counterurbanization, population retention, and centripetal migration. Each of these growth processes acts differently on particular population subgroups. The differences are reflected in variations in the spatial manifestation of periurban growth within Australia. Suburbanization process is differentiated from counterurbanization by employing three indicators of suburbanization. The first indicator includes the broad situation of the periurban destination and is defined as in-migration from the metropolitan area to adjacent, accessible periurban locations. The second indicator lies in the assessment of the commuting and social linkages with the metropolitan maintained by migrants. The third indicator is the nature of the migrants' residential destination site. Counterurbanization is largely seen to be a shift in population down the urban hierarchy to smaller centers and localities beyond the existing metropolitan boundaries. Furthermore, the article discusses the four indicators that distinguish counterurbanization from suburbanization. Another important process contributing to periurban growth is population retention. Two key indicators that lie in the measurement of increased period of residence and reduced rates of out-migration overtime characterize this process. 相似文献
6.
城市老工业园区更新中的空间治理涉及多元主体博弈与产业用地发展权重构问题,是当下城市研究的重要学术议题。本文以转型理论中多层次视角的形势、体制与利基为立足点,深层次挖掘城市更新中空间治理转型创新的演化过程与内在机制,提出一种不同层次多种因素间相互作用、动态演化下理解中国老工业园区更新空间治理的方法。该解释框架被应用于上海上钢十厂园区更新转型中,通过关注2004年后两次更新转型的过程和机理,研究发现：上钢十厂的更新转型是由宏观外部形势、空间利基创新、空间体制转型三个层次互动而实现的,上钢十厂两个阶段的更新均在产业转型、城市发展需求变化等宏观形势下诞生创新“新奇”,政府、社会团体或企业等空间治理行为主体共同参与推动“新奇”合法壮大并形成利基,在空间资本积累、产业类型转换中,驱使空间体制成功转型,其本质是利基层的空间创新“新奇”在宏观形势或空间体制要素的影响下解构重塑空间体制的过程。城市更新促进了老工业园区产业转型,提高了环境品质、土地利用强度和经济效益。多层次视角能结合城市更新中空间治理的外部环境、内在驱动因素和演变过程等多方面,有助于从动态演化维度理解城市更新空间变迁及转型治理的内在机制。 相似文献
7.
Fulong Wu 《Urban geography》2018,39(8):1177-1194
Housing privatization seems to suggest a process of state retreat. However, this is not always the case in China. This paper examines an estate that is mixed with work-unit housing and municipal public housing to understand its changing governance. It is intriguing to observe that the state has had to return to this neighborhood to strengthen its administration following housing privatization, because the attempt to transfer responsibility to commercial property management failed. The neighborhood governance, however, has transformed from one based on work-units to a government-funded administrative agency. The return of the state has been achieved through professional social workers, and it is struggling to operate, leading to the alienation and disempowerment of former state work-unit residents. The side effect of this approach to governance is that, through encouraging market provision and commercial operation which is not fully working, reciprocal activities are restrained. Since housing privatization, the neighborhood has deteriorated from a brand-new estate into an ‘old and dilapidated neighborhood’ in less than 25 years. 相似文献
8.
深汕特别合作区协同共治型区域治理模式研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
伴随金融风暴引发了全球资本重组,资本的空间修复客观要求以新的跨界区域治理模式组织资本与劳动力关系,而中国传统跨界产业园区建设路径依赖于区域发展中“省-地方”分层设权治理模式。以珠三角地区的深汕特别合作区为例,通过深度访谈与文本分析法,发现深汕特别合作区形成的多主体共同参与、分工合作的协同共治型区域治理模式是在传统路径依赖基础上的一次制度创新。通过分析模式产生的产业经济背景、政策制度背景与现实发展概况,并解构深汕特别合作区行政组织架构、空间发展政策及利益分配机制,发现省政府的放松管制与资源注入,地方政府的优势互补、分工协同是协同共治型区域治理模式的本质特征,而这一区域治理模式的产生将会对中国区域产业政策与空间政策及政府职能转型提供新的经验与启示。 相似文献
9.
跨界生产网络的组织治理模式——以苏州地区信息电子业台商为例 总被引：18，自引：4，他引：14
以最近8年内在苏州地区投资设厂的信息电子业台商为例,分析其本地集聚的供应链的企业间交易关系的本质和组织网络的治理模式,以探讨全球生产网络的地域性集聚的经济地理意义,以及企业组织间的治理结构对地方发展的影响。指出这一轮信息电子业台商的跨界投资基本上强化台湾代工厂商与品牌大厂之间的策略性合作,然而台商生产网络的跨界扩展也交织着企业组织间的权力运作,导致生产网络的治理模式发生改变并形成了空间集聚的动力。研究显示,从全球生产网络的厂商间交易治理结构出发的分析视角有助于理解区域发展的机会与限制,而就发展中国家由全球生产网络之跨界转移所形成的新工业空间而言,经济地理学所强调的厂商间具有地理邻近特征的"互赖性"并不能脱离全球商品链所内含的不对称权力关系。 相似文献
10.
11.
Jianfa Shen 《The Professional geographer》2004,56(4):530-543
The rapid development in the Hong Kong‐Pearl River Delta (PRD) city‐region has taken place alongside complicated cross‐border governance. The framework of time‐space envelopes (TSEs) is adopted for a study of cross‐border governance in Hong Kong, especially in the role of the state, that is, the Hong Kong government, in cross‐border urban governance. This article argues that tension‐ free regional integration has never existed due to a complex governance network. The shift from “cross‐border protectionism” to “cross‐border free trade zone” in Hong Kong's cross‐border urban governance since 2001 is a result of the rearticulation of the state cutting through the geoeconomic and geopolitical TSEs. 相似文献
12.
This study examines the challenges of achieving sustainable management of the world's largest mangrove forest, the Sundarbans, in Bangladesh. The Sundarbans is currently managed by the Bangladesh Department of Forest, under a state property‐rights regime, while our study explores an alternative property‐rights regime. We employed a mixed‐method approach to examine the prospects of alternative management and livelihood strategies to achieve sustainability. Both focus groups and household surveying were used to assess the opportunities for, and barriers to, achieving sustainability. It was found that two conflicting groups—forest‐dependent communities and foresters—are responsible for policy failures due to the absence of power‐sharing arrangements, nor is it likely a common property‐rights regime will be enough to cap degradation and achieve sustainability, while supply‐and‐demand policy interventions may well could help achieve sustainable management of the Sundarbans. 相似文献
13.
南京市区建设用地扩张模式、功能演化与机理 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
以南京市区不同时段遥感影像为基础,在综合凸壳方法与公共边方法基础上,通过矩阵分析对1985-2007年南京市区建设用地扩张模式进行划分,探讨不同扩张模式的空间结构特征。结果表明：① 1985年以来,南京市区建设用地扩张迅速。其中,填充扩张由主城区逐渐向外推移,飞地扩张分散在远离主城区的开发区、工业园及大学城内,蔓延扩张则介于二者之间,多表现为前期扩张的继续发展。② 功能上,填充扩张由居住主导向居住与工业混合转变;蔓延扩张由居住与工业混合向工业主导转变;飞地扩张一直以工业主导,并伴随科教的区域性集中。③ 驱动机理,填充与蔓延扩张属于收益驱动型,飞地扩张更多地受成本制约。随着城市空间向外拓展,建设用地扩张的成本约束作用均逐渐加强;而城市建设用地中工业用地比重的增加,又使三种扩张模式的收益驱动作用加强。 相似文献
14.
Policy narratives, landholder engagement, and oil palm expansion on the Malaysian and Indonesian frontiers 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Over recent decades a structural transformation has affected agriculture in the frontier areas of Malaysian Borneo and Outer Island Indonesia with the rapid conversion of agricultural lands, fallows, and formerly forested areas into oil palm. These frontiers have similar positions in the international political economy of oil palm and have complementary resource endowments. In both cases, state planners face the common challenges of finding a disciplined labour force, delivering land for estate development, maintaining local legitimacy, and dealing with local contestation. Yet there are significant differences in systems of governance and policy frameworks regarding land, shifting capacity of state actors to facilitate the transformation of these agrarian frontiers, and changing degrees of local, national and international contestation. Considering the generic and the specific elements at play in each case, this paper argues that analogous policy narratives have shaped the ways in which landholders have been engaged in the process of oil palm expansion in Malaysia and Indonesia. In both cases, with the shift from state-led to neoliberal governance approaches to agricultural development, the 'frontier' has been created and transformed through policy narratives that facilitate the conversion of whole landscapes into oil palm. This has been achieved by obscuring indigenous forms of agriculture and land tenure, while creating reserves of available 'state' or 'idle' customary land, and counterpoising smallholder 'marginality' and 'backwardness' to the modernity of contemporary estate agriculture. 相似文献
15.
Arthur P.J. Mol 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2009,30(1):114-129
In the field of environmental governance information is starting to become increasingly important, not least because of globalization and the information and communication technologies revolution. The notion of informational governance is a recent coinage that acknowledges the (partial) switch from regulatory‐based forms of governance to information‐based modes. In the information‐rich centres and nodes of the network society, where information is widely produced, disseminated and accessible, this might prove analytically useful. But what are the contours of informational governance in information‐poor environments? This paper looks into the (limited) emergence of informational governance arrangements in environmental protection in two cases characterizing the informational periphery: China and Vietnam. 相似文献
16.
Carlos Teixeira 《The Professional geographer》1995,47(2):176-183
This study concerns the behavior and practices of real estate agents in the housing search process. The research investigates whether the information provided and houses recommended by agents working for Portuguese firms differ from the recommendations of agents working for firms owned by non-Portuguese brokers in the cities of Toronto and Mississauga (a western suburb of Toronto), Canada. Data for the study were obtained from a participant observation study of a sample of real estate agents. Empirical evidence indicates that the ethnicity of real estate agents (Portuguese versus non-Portuguese) and the brokers for whom they work (Portuguese-owned firms versus non-Portuguese-owned firms) determine to a considerable extent the marketing strategies of agents and the neighborhoods they recommend. 相似文献
17.
旅游地成长与产业结构演变关系——以张家界为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在探讨旅游地与旅游地产业结构成长动力因子的基础上,分析旅游地产业演进机制,建构产业结构成长及其成长态模型,将旅游地产业划分为发展产业、成长产业、成熟产业和衰退产业四种类型。根据本底趋势线理论分析张家界成长周期,以产业增长率和产业地位指数为测度旅游地成长与旅游地产业结构成长演变关系的度量指标,利用张家界市1990～2010年相关统计数据,结合所建构模型,分析了成长周期与张家界及其产业结构成长的演变过程。结果发现:(1)张家界旅游成长近二十年来呈现的是单周期波动;(2)随着张家界旅游成长,其三次产业成长虽遵循产业结构的一般演化规律,但具体到国民经济各产业部门却有较大差别;(3)在成长周期内,各产业结构成长情况有差异,批发零售贸易餐饮业、工业、金融保险业和其它产业是成长产业,第一产业、交通运输仓储邮电业、建筑业和房地产业是衰退产业;(4)在成长周期内,各产业结构成长态情况亦有差异,房地产业和金融保险业是衰退产业,建筑业、批发零售餐饮业、交通运输仓储邮电业是发展产业,其它服务业和工业是成长产业,第一产业是成熟产业。 相似文献
18.
Enacting immanent potentialities: Tcheb‐tchib strategies at the centre of the urban fringe in Nouakchott,Mauritania 
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下载免费PDF全文 Christian Vium 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2016,37(3):343-362
The urban fringe areas of Nouakchott, the capital city of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, have become virtual epicentres of informal property speculation, as the state‐owned land that people illegally inhabit becomes an increasingly valuable commodity in the wake of urban redevelopment plans and vast infrastructural development projects. By applying ingenious ‘poaching’ strategies based on anticipation, the marginalized, impoverished people inhabiting these areas appropriate and manipulate space in order to survive. In their attempt to counter the state's technologies of governance through what is commonly known as tcheb‐tchib, a form of creative improvisation, they become a driving force in the dynamic and contested reconfigurations of the urban landscape. Based on extended ethnographic fieldwork focusing on the strategies of former nomads who are now sedentarized on the urban fringe, this article conceives large‐scale urban renewal as a dynamic process that generates an emergent space of immanent potentiality that the urban poor attempt to strategically appropriate and enact to make the most of a potentially destructive process. 相似文献
19.
面向国土空间规划的乡村空间治理机制与路径 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
城乡国土空间统一用途管制背景下,乡村空间治理成为国土空间治理体系的重要组成部分。从乡村空间治理的理论内涵出发,构建了乡村空间治理理论分析框架,探讨了乡村空间治理作用于国土空间规划的内在机制和可行路径。结论如下：① 乡村空间治理是以乡村空间为治理对象,通过规划和协商等方式,实现乡村空间用途有效管制,空间权利有序配置,凸显多元主体参与的“自上而下”和“自下而上”相结合的综合治理过程;② 通过“举措—效能—目标”体系,构建了刚性与弹性结合、物质空间与空间关系交互、空间权属与空间组织叠加的乡村空间“物质—组织—权属”综合治理分析框架;③ 多级尺度互联互通（区域—村域—地块）的乡村空间治理特征有利于完善乡村空间治理体系;④ 乡村空间治理通过多种手段并施、多元主体参与、多重价值共享,完善国土空间规划体系,推进多规融合,细化国土空间用途管制,促进乡村善治和生态治理;⑤ 乡村空间治理通过“自上而下”和“自下而上”相结合的动员和行动策略,构建新型村庄运营模式和组织机制,为落实实用性村庄规划和乡村振兴战略创造条件。 相似文献