共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
介绍了26Al/10Be等时线埋藏测年法的基本原理及其主要应用范围。将应被同时埋藏的一组石英矿物样的26Al-10Be浓度拟合成等时线,从其斜率解得样品的埋藏年代。在如下情况下该法可克服未知参数多于制约方程的困难:1)冰碛物-古土壤序列中古土壤形成年代的研究,以规避继承核素(inherited nu-clide)的干扰;2)因样品埋藏不够深引起的后期生成核素的干扰。此外,依据等时线拟合结果可判断样品是否符合简单恒态侵蚀模式。等时线法的引入,拓宽了埋藏测年的应用范围,并为埋藏测年数据可信度提供了一种有效的验证手段。 相似文献
2.
农田景观空间异质性分析及遥感监测最优尺度选择——以三江平原为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
农情遥感监测需要高时间分辨率的遥感数据,目前这些数据大都为中低空间分辨率影像。在这些尺度下,像元内部往往是异质的,从而影响农情参数反演精度。因此分析和表达农田景观空间异质性和最优尺度选择对遥感农情监测质量的提高具有重要的应用价值。选取建三江农垦区四种典型农田景观为研究点,Landsat/TM NDVI为实验数据,利用实验变异函数对四种景观类型的各向空间异质性进行了分析, 而后通过变异函数模型拟合,定量分析了各个研究点的整体空间异质性,并在此基础上进行了研究区遥感监测最优尺度选择。研究表明:(1) 基于实验变异函数的结构分析方法,可定性地认识空间异质性的大小和方向,进而挖掘出其背后的自然和人为驱动因素。(2) 对实验变异函数进行拟合分析,可定量地刻画不同景观格局各自的空间异质性特性。此外,基于变异函数对空间异质性的定量表达,讨论了利用积分变程A结合Nyquist-Shannon采样定理进行最优尺度选择的方法。 相似文献
3.
巨型城市区域土地利用变化的人文因素分析——以珠江三角洲地区为例 总被引：65，自引：0，他引：65
在评述国内外相关研究的基础上,利用遥感土地利用数据和统计资料,应用定量分析和GIS空间分析技术从定性与定量的角度系统全面地开展了珠江三角洲巨型城市区域土地利用变化的人文因素研究。定性分析结果表明：珠江三角洲土地利用变化与人口、经济发展、城市化与工业化及政策因素密切相关,这些因素深刻影响着该区域的土地利用变化。定量分析是对定性分析的验证,定量分析结果表明：影响珠江三角洲巨型城市区域土地利用变化的因子可归纳为人口、经济发展水平、城市化与工业化、农业产业结构调整、区域产业结构调整和外资等6个因子,并且各因子的影响作用大小不同。 相似文献
4.
陆地卫星数字数据经计算机图象增强和分类处理,可获得多种增强影象和土地复盖分类图等。本文探讨了对上述各种计算机彩色图象的分析方法及其在环境背景研究中的作用和效果。 相似文献
5.
基于ArcGIS的条带剖面提取方法在地貌分析中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
条带剖面提取方法是利用数理统计原理,获得垂直于剖面线方向上一定缓冲区范围的高程信息,计算最大、最小和平均高程以及地形起伏度,把地形剖面图对线状地形起伏特征的描述转化为对面状地形起伏特征的描述。该文基于ArcGIS 9.3对三峡地区SRTM-DEM数据进行了条带剖面提取方法研究,实现了基于ArcGIS的条带剖面提取技术流程。应用条带剖面对三峡地区地形地貌进行了定量分析,该方法可快速提取条带剖面,能准确获取高程属性的相关统计参数,对地形地貌信息提取和定量分析具有一定价值。 相似文献
6.
环境遥感对于地理科学研究方法的支持作用,体现为使地理科学研究从定性到定量,对地球表层系统物质地信息和能量信息的双重同步考察等。而地综合分析客一的加强,规范化的“信息合”技术应用以及以地理环境遥感信息分析处理为核心的地理制图和地理信息系统技术应用则是环境遥感的发展对地理科学研究理念的一系列拓展。 相似文献
7.
8.
借助于国内生产的图形控制板和微型计算机, 探索和研究沙漠化环境监测定性定量分析与图形的处理。并逐步建立一种由沙漠化环境参数构成的理想模型, 使其具有信息的空间表达能力, 综合性的统计分析与评价能力, 以及图形的处理能力, 对深入进行沙漠化研究具有十分重要的现实意义与实用价值, 旨在为遥感环境监测和科学研究提供快捷、优质的图形数据。本文依据1:1000万中国沙漠和沙漠化图的自动编制, 说明图形编辑功能的设计方法, 描述图形信息的处理技术。研究和探讨建立沙漠化环境信息系缔的机助制图理论与途径。 相似文献
9.
较高精度的模拟计算作物需水量对制定节水高效灌溉制度、灌溉排水规划和水资源合理配置至关重要。目前模拟计算作物需水量的主要方法有FAO-56双作物系数法、双涌源能量守恒模型、根系层水量平衡模型和SWAP模型。任何方法计算的作物需水量用于生产实践时,都应进行模拟结果的有效性检验。基于灌溉试验数据,应用联合国粮农组织推荐的FAO-56双作物系数法模拟计算了人工牧草——披碱草、冰草的需水量。并采用拟合相关图法、回归分析法和残差估计误差指示法对需水量模拟值进行了有效性检验。拟合相关图法给出统计相关趋势,属定性检验; 回归分析法和残差估计误差指示法给出了模拟值与实测值间的拟合优度和残差估计误差的范围,属定量检验。这种定性定量相结合的方法客观的检验了需水量模拟值与实测值的一致性,经有效性检验后的需水量模拟值可用于生产实践。 相似文献
10.
基于GIS的荒地资源适宜性评价 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
采用GIS进行土地适宜性评价，不仅可将与评价有关的土地空间数据和土地属性数据进行综合，而且可灵活地对这些数据进行分析，处理，脞而明显地提高土地适宜性评价的效率和精度，本文以漳市为例，选取了11个参评因子，应用ARC／INFO地理信息系统软件，对荒地资源的宜耕，宜园和宜林适宜性进行评价，为荒地资源的合理开发利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
11.
基于TM数据的太湖叶绿素a浓度定量遥感反演方法研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
探讨利用常规卫星遥感数据Landsat/TM定量反演太湖叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度的方法。在对Landsat/TM影像进行几何校正、辐射定标、大气校正等预处理的基础上,选择适于太湖Chl-a浓度定量反演的最佳波段或波段组合,采用半经验回归模型和混合光谱分解模型分别建立太湖Chl-a浓度定量反演模型,并对不同模型及反演结果进行对比分析。 相似文献
12.
利用6S模型结合暗目标法确定TM过境时的最优气象能见度,分别使用MODIS气溶胶产品(MOD04)、最优气象能见度作为TM的气溶胶光学厚度,对黄河源区的Landsat TM数据进行大气校正。以同步野外实测地面数据为标准,比较了两种气溶胶参数输入方法的校正结果,并从光谱曲线、植被指数、草地生物量的估算三方面探讨了大气校正的效果,两种气溶胶参数输入方法均可以对遥感图像进行有效的大气校正,消除因散射增加的辐射能量,同时补偿因吸收而损失的辐射能量。经过大气校正后的TM光谱更接近真实地表光谱,更有助于地物真实光谱信息的提取,同时对与该地区相似气候条件下影像的大气校正有借鉴意义。 相似文献
13.
Amber Wutich Melissa Beresford Julia C. Bausch Weston Eaton Kathryn J. Brasier Clinton F. Williams 《社会与自然资源》2020,33(7):941-948
AbstractThis study compares the efficiency of two analytic approaches—qualitative and quantitative—to social network analysis for identifying stakeholder groups. Social network data were collected from 23 water and agriculture stakeholders in Arizona, USA, and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Analysis of the sample in the original order of data collection found qualitative analysis was more efficient, in that it yielded a stable result—the identification of four stakeholder groups—within 16 interviews. In contrast, the quantitative analysis did not produce a stable result after 23 interviews. Repeated analyses with randomized order and reverse order samples found qualitative approaches yielded more stable results, took about the same number of interviews to yield results, and produced slightly fewer stakeholder groups compared to quantitative approaches. Our findings suggest that, in resource-constrained projects, qualitative social network analysis for identifying stakeholder groups can provide an efficient alternative to conventional quantitative social network analysis. 相似文献
14.
We address the problem of estimating the spherical-harmonic power spectrum of a statistically isotropic scalar signal from noise-contaminated data on a region of the unit sphere. Three different methods of spectral estimation are considered: (i) the spherical analogue of the one-dimensional (1-D) periodogram, (ii) the maximum-likelihood method and (iii) a spherical analogue of the 1-D multitaper method. The periodogram exhibits strong spectral leakage, especially for small regions of area A ≪ 4π , and is generally unsuitable for spherical spectral analysis applications, just as it is in 1-D. The maximum-likelihood method is particularly useful in the case of nearly-whole-sphere coverage, A ≈ 4π , and has been widely used in cosmology to estimate the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background radiation from spacecraft observations. The spherical multitaper method affords easy control over the fundamental trade-off between spectral resolution and variance, and is easily implemented regardless of the region size, requiring neither non-linear iteration nor large-scale matrix inversion. As a result, the method is ideally suited for most applications in geophysics, geodesy or planetary science, where the objective is to obtain a spatially localized estimate of the spectrum of a signal from noisy data within a pre-selected and typically small region. 相似文献
15.
A preliminary analysis of some characteristics of the radiation components is made by using the surface radiation data obtained from February 1990 to January 1991 at Zhongshan Station. The result shows that the fluxes of direct radiation and global radiation are strong with higher atmospheric transparency,and the surface can absorb large amount of radiation energy in warm season. The surface loses heat energy in cold season due to the seasonal variations of the surface albedo and shortwave radiation. The variation of net longwave radiation is related to cloud amount and surface air temperature. The property of net radiation is similar to other Antarctic coastal stations but differs greatly from Antarctic inland area. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Geophysical observables are generally related to earth structure and source parameters in a complicated non-linear way. Consequently, a large number of forward modelling processes are commonly necessary to obtain a satisfactory estimate of such parameters from observed data. The most time-consuming part of the forward modelling is the computation of the Green's functions of the different earth models to be tested. In this study, we present a fast converging algorithm: the differential transform method for the computation of Green's functions in terms of spherical or cylindrical harmonics. In this method, a deconvolutable high-pass filter is used to enhance the numerical significance of the far-field spectrum of Green's functions. Compared with existing fast converging algorithms such as the Kummer's transformation and the disc factor method, the differential transform method is more efficient except for the extremely near-source region. The new method can be used to suppress numerical phases (non-physical seismic signals) associated with the aliasing effect that may arise in synthetic seismograms when the latter are computed from a windowed wavenumber (or slowness) spectrum. The numerical efficiency of the new method is demonstrated via two representative tests. 相似文献
19.
M. Sambridge P. Rickwood N. Rawlinson S. Sommacal 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(1):1-8
Automatic differentiation (AD) is the technique whereby output variables of a computer code evaluating any complicated function (e.g. the solution to a differential equation) can be differentiated with respect to the input variables. Often AD tools take the form of source to source translators and produce computer code without the need for deriving and hand coding of explicit mathematical formulae by the user. The power of AD lies in the fact that it combines the generality of finite difference techniques and the accuracy and efficiency of analytical derivatives, while at the same time eliminating 'human' coding errors. It also provides the possibility of accurate, efficient derivative calculation from complex 'forward' codes where no analytical derivatives are possible and finite difference techniques are too cumbersome. AD is already having a major impact in areas such as optimization, meteorology and oceanography. Similarly it has considerable potential for use in non-linear inverse problems in geophysics where linearization is desirable, or for sensitivity analysis of large numerical simulation codes, for example, wave propagation and geodynamic modelling. At present, however, AD tools appear to be little used in the geosciences. Here we report on experiments using a state of the art AD tool to perform source to source code translation in a range of geoscience problems. These include calculating derivatives for Gibbs free energy minimization, seismic receiver function inversion, and seismic ray tracing. Issues of accuracy and efficiency are discussed. 相似文献
20.
农业生态经济系统的投入产出分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文试图将产量生态学和经济学中投入产出二者结合起来进行农业生态经济系统投入产出分析,对农业的自然再生产与经济再生产之间的数量关系、对农业生态系统的结构和功能与农业经济系统的结构和功能之间的数量关系进行综合研究. 相似文献