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1.
阴山中段山地土地利用类型转换格局分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用1990年TM数据和2000年ETM数据,以农牧交错带的阴山山地中段为研究区,分析1990~2000年土地利用类型的空间分异规律,重点探讨各土地利用类型中耕地、林地和草地的变化过程。研究表明,耕地的转移流向主要集中于草地,而草地的转移流向又集中于耕地,林地消失区主要转变为草地。阴山北麓为草地向耕地转变的集中区域;阴山南部是林地向草地转变最为集中的区域;阴山中部土地利用类型相互转化相对较少。在土地利用的垂向变化上,耕地减少区域集中分布于海拔1500~1600m及1700~1850m;而其他土地利用类型向耕地转变的集中分布区域大致在海拔1700~1900m范围;海拔1600-1800m为草地-耕地相互转移变化最为集中的区域;草地面积主要在海拔1450-1600m范围增加,在1650-1800m范围内减少;林地除在海拔2000~2200m范围内与非林地相互转变大致持平外,在其余地区均发生退化。海拔1800m和海拔2100左右是本农牧交错带山地土地利用类型波动最为集中的两个分布区。  相似文献   

2.
中国土地利用时空特征分析   总被引:195,自引:5,他引:195  
在遥感技术与GIS技术的支持下,对中国近5年来土地利用的时间动态特征和空间动态特征进行了定量分析。具体表现为通过数学建模,利用土地利用动态度模型、土地利用程度模型、垦殖指数模型等对土地利用时空特征进行了分析。研究结果表明:5年间中国土地利用类型发生变化比较大的区域主要分布在东部和北部地区,特别是东北部地区土地利用类型变化比较剧烈,而西部变化相对缓慢;土地利用各类型中面积增加的有耕地、水域、建设用地和未利用地,而林地、草地面积减少;耕地增加的区域位于东北部地区,特别是黑龙江省耕地面积增加最多;林草地以及未利用地的面积变化主要发生在新疆、内蒙和黑龙江等地区,其它地区变化幅度相对较小。  相似文献   

3.
陕北农牧交错带土地利用动态变化研究   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6  
根据1991-2001年土地利用详查数据,利用土地利用动态度模型、区域差异模型、土地利用程度模型和信息熵模型,对陕北农牧交错带这一典型地区土地利用的时空变化及变化趋势进行了详尽分析。研究表明:陕北农牧交错带耕地、未利用地和水域减少,林地、牧草地、园地、居民点及工矿用地、交通用地增加;研究区土地利用变化速度较快,年变化率达到0.31%,其中园地的年变化率最大;耕地、园地、林地、牧草地和交通用地的空间变化明显;11年来,陕北农牧交错带土地利用处于发展期,利用方式日趋无序。  相似文献   

4.
奈曼旗20世纪80年代以来土地覆盖/利用变化研究   总被引:22,自引:9,他引:13  
赵杰  赵士洞  郑纯辉 《中国沙漠》2004,24(3):317-322
奈曼旗是我国北方农牧交错带沙漠化最严重的地区之一, 也是中国沙漠化监测和治理的重要地区之一。自20世纪80年代以来开始实行一系列土地整治措施, 土地覆盖/利用发生很大变化。利用1980年和1996年的1: 10万的TM遥感影像及GIS获得的数据, 从土地覆盖/利用结构变化、数量变化、空间景观特征变化以及主要变化过程等方面对其进行了研究。结果表明, 80年代以来奈曼旗耕地与难利用土地大幅减少, 林地和草地大幅增加; 土地覆盖/利用变化的主要过程为: 耕地退耕还草、还林, 难利用土地恢复为草地, 在适宜的草地上植树造林; 景观变得破碎, 土地利用的多样性增强。  相似文献   

5.
科尔沁沙地近50年的垦殖与土地利用变化   总被引:38,自引:3,他引:35  
放牧和垦殖是我国北方农牧交错带主要土地利用活动。该活动范围的扩大或缩小、活动强度的增大或减弱是引起交错带土地利用变化的直接因素 ,其结果是草地和耕地面积的量变和质变 ,也是该区土地利用变化最直观的体现。文章选取我国典型的农牧交错区——科尔沁沙地 ,以人类垦殖活动作为主线 ,以耕地面积变化作为切入点 ,对科尔沁沙地近 50年的土地利用变化进行了动态分析。结果表明 :随着建国以来四次大规模的垦荒 ,科尔沁土地利用格局产生了显著的变化 ,集中体现为耕地面积的大幅度增加和草地等其他用地面积的减少 ,具体表现则是沙地农耕北界的北跃和耕地重心的北移。文章进而分析了引起这一变化的主要人文因子。  相似文献   

6.
中国北方农牧交错带土地利用变化驱动力的尺度效应分析   总被引:27,自引:2,他引:25  
“可塑性面积单元问题”是对面积数据进行空间统计分析时不可回避的问题。该文以我国北方农牧交错带土地利用变化驱动力研究为契机,探讨了由于“可塑性面积单元问题”的存在而导致的土地利用变化驱动力研究中的尺度效应问题。通过构建土地利用变化驱动力模型,探究了20世纪80年代以来我国北方农牧交错带土地利用变化的驱动机制。研究表明,反映驱动因子与土地利用变化(耕地扩张与草地收缩)关系的Exponent Beta系数随研究尺度的变化而发生显著变化,反映了在研究土地利用驱动力时进行多尺度分析的必要性。  相似文献   

7.
以南非海岸带为研究区域,利用2000、2010和2020年3期TM、OLI遥感影像提取6类土地利用类型数据,基于土地利用转移矩阵、土地利用类型动态度及土地利用开发强度模型,分析了南非海岸带2000—2020年土地开发利用的结构、程度以及时空变化特征。结果表明(:1)研究期间南非海岸带土地利用类型变化方式主要以草地萎缩和林地扩张为主,其次是未利用地和建设用地扩张,最后是耕地和水体萎缩(;2)土地利用变化过程中,草地与林地相互转化、耕地与草地之间的相互转化是土地变化的主要类型;(3)南非海岸带土地利用开发强度呈现空间聚集状态,形成了以开普敦、伊丽莎白港、东伦敦和德班等为中心的高聚集地区。20年间,南非海岸带土地的开发利用强度整体变化不明显,但2010—2020年以来强度呈现下降的趋势。  相似文献   

8.
选取农牧交错带的典型地区--科尔沁左翼中旗作为研究区,对不同海拔、坡度、坡向等要素上农村居民点的分布特征进行了研究,分析农村居民点对农牧交错带内土地利用格局的影响。结果表明:① 居民点主要分布在海拔200 m以下,坡度小于6°的地区以及阴坡上;② 农村居民点对土地利用格局有着直接影响,居民点密度越高的地区,耕地所占比重越大,草地越少;反之,则草地所占比重越大,耕地越少;③ 在牧业区,距离居民点越远,草地比例越小,耕地比例越大,农业区和农牧区则相反。  相似文献   

9.
本文以南方红壤丘陵典型案例区吉泰盆地为例,运用RS和GIS技术,在对典型时段遥感影像进行解译的基础上,采用土地利用程度综合指数、土地利用类型动态度以及土地利用类型变化趋势和状态指数等模型,计算了1995-2006年吉泰盆地土地利用变化数量特征,揭示了南方红壤丘陵地区11年来土地利用变化的时空格局。研究结果表明:①1995-2006年吉泰盆地土地利用结构基本稳定,林地和耕地是该区主要土地利用类型;②11年来吉泰盆地水域和建设用地面积缓慢增长,水域增幅较多,其他地类面积有所下降,草地减幅最大;③林地转化为耕地,耕地转化为水域,以及草地转化为林地是吉泰盆地主要土地利用类型的转移模式,三种类型的转化面积依次为2887.91 hm2、2821.19 hm2和2326.97 hm2。从空间分布上看林地转为耕地模式分布最为广泛,耕地转化为水域分布较松散,草地转林地主要分布在吉泰盆地的北部地区;④动态度和状态指数研究发现,吉泰盆地未利用地的年变化率绝对值最大,林地年变化率最小。在未来的一段时间内,水域和建设用地规模呈增大的趋势,其余地类呈不同程度减少的态势。  相似文献   

10.
为明析退耕还林(草)背景下生态环境较为脆弱的北方农牧交错带土地利用及碳储量变化,基于该区2000、2010、2018年土地利用数据,通过动态度、土地转移矩阵,景观指数等指标从土地利用变化的数量、速率以及空间格局特征加以分析,同时基于InVEST模型定量估算了该区近20年来的碳储量变化。结果表明:(1)北方农牧交错带土地利用类型以草地、耕地、林地为主,面积合计逾4.30×105 km2,占比超过91.83%;林地、建设用地显著扩张,草地与耕地有明显减少趋势,同时两者之间流转面积最多,高达1.67×104 km2,研究区景观格局总体上收敛于“集中—分散”;(2)近20年来北方农牧交错带总碳储量51.44—52.81亿t,总体呈增加趋势,碳密度稳定在110 t·hm-2左右,退耕还林(草)政策下碳储量净增加逾300万t。北方农牧交错带土地利用变化程度较为剧烈,退耕还林(草)政策不仅是土地更迭的主要驱动因素,也是该区固碳功能显著提升的重要原因。  相似文献   

11.
The Koshi River Basin is in the middle of the Himalayas, a tributary of the Ganges River and a very important cross-border watershed. Across the basin there are large changes in altitude, habitat complexity, ecosystem integrity, land cover diversity and regional difference and this area is sensitive to global climate change. Based on Landsat TM images, vegetation mapping, field investigations and 3S technology, we compiled high-precision land cover data for the Koshi River Basin and analyzed current land cover characteristics. We found that from source to downstream, land cover in the Koshi River Basin in 2010 was composed of water body (glacier), bare land, sparse vegetation, grassland, wetland, shrubland, forest, cropland, water body (river or lake) and built-up areas. Among them, grassland, forest, bare land and cropland are the main types, accounting for 25.83%, 21.19%, 19.31% and 15.09% of the basin’s area respectively. The composition and structure of the Koshi River Basin land cover types are different between southern and northern slopes. The north slope is dominated by grassland, bare land and glacier; forest, bare land and glacier are mainly found on northern slopes. Northern slopes contain nearly seven times more grassland than southern slopes; while 97.13% of forest is located on southern slopes. Grassland area on northern slope is 6.67 times than on southern slope. The vertical distribution of major land cover types has obvious zonal characteristics. Land cover types from low to high altitudes are cropland, forest, Shrubland and mixed cropland, grassland, sparse vegetation, bare land and water bodies. These results provide a scientific basis for the study of land use and cover change in a critical region and will inform ecosystem protection, sustainability and management in this and other alpine transboundary basins.  相似文献   

12.
Land use and its dynamics have attracted considerable scientific attention for their significant ecological and socioeconomic implications. Many studies have investigated the past changes in land use, but efforts exploring the potential changes in land use and implications under future scenarios are still lacking. Here we simulate the future land use changes and their impacts on ecosystem services in Northeast China (NEC) over the period of 2000–2050 using the CLUE–S (Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent) model under the scenarios of ecological security (ESS), food security (FSS) and comprehensive development (CDS). The model was validated against remote sensing data in 2005. Overall, the accuracy of the CLUE–S model was evaluated at 82.5%. Obtained results show that future cropland changes mainly occur in the Songnen Plain and the Liaohe Plain, forest and grassland changes are concentrated in the southern Lesser Khingan Mountains and the western Changbai Mountains, while the Sanjiang Plain will witness major changes of the wetlands. Our results also show that even though CDS is defined based on the goals of the regional development plan, the ecological service value (ESV) under CDS is RMB 2656.18 billion in 2050. The ESV of CDS is lower compared with the other scenarios. Thus, CDS is not an optimum scenario for eco-environmental protection, especially for the wetlands, which should be given higher priority for future development. The issue of coordination is also critical in future development. The results can help to assist structural adjustments for agriculture and to guide policy interventions in NEC.  相似文献   

13.
魏乐  周亮  孙东琪  唐相龙 《地理研究》2022,41(6):1610-1622
黄河流域城镇扩张对区域景观格局影响显著,城市群人口聚集与增长引发了流域“人-地”矛盾和“空间冲突”等一系列生态环境问题。基于土地利用数据和FLUS模型对2025年和2035年呼包鄂榆城市群城镇化与土地利用时空演化特征进行多情景模拟预测。结果表明:① 1990—2018年呼包鄂榆城市群整体发展水平较低,建设用地面积经历了“平稳增加-缓慢增加-急剧增加”的变化过程,区域总体以草地为主,其占土地总面积的50%以上,其次是未利用土地和耕地,林地和建设用地次之。② 城市群扩张最剧烈地区在空间上主要发生在呼和浩特市、包头市等城市主城区,且扩张模式以外延式扩张为主,扩张来源主要是耕地、草地等生态用地。③ 三种情景模拟发现,2025年和2035年区域土地利用变化的空间结构和特征差异明显。自然发展情景下,城市扩张不受约束,高速增长占据了大量生态用地;加入生态约束条件很好的控制了对草地和林地的占用;经济发展情景下,城市扩张将进一步占据更多的未利用土地和耕地。本研究通过城市群扩张时空格局演化及情景模拟分析,尝试为区域规划、城市空间规划和区域生态空间保护提供多角度、多情景和可选择的政策决策参考。  相似文献   

14.
Northeast Asia is an area with relative concentrations of resources, a complex ecological environment pattern, and a marked human-land contrast relationship. This area has significance for analyzing land cover patterns and variations for regional sustainable development among the trans-boundary areas of China, Russia, and Mongolia. In this paper, the transect analysis research tool and transfer matrix method are used to capture the regional land cover change characteristics by using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) datasets recorded from 2001 to 2012.The spatial distribution results show that forests have increased dramatically, cropland increased marginally, and grassland and shrubs decreased totally. The inter-annual variation, results show a steady and slowly increasing trend for grassland and shrubs, dramatic fluctuation features with an increasing trend for forest land, and zigzag wave changing characteristic for cropland. The total land use dynamic degree (TLUDD)was steady, with an overall slightly increasing trend.  相似文献   

15.
Model simulation and scenario change analysis are the core contents of the future land-use change (LUC) study. In this paper, land use status data of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) in 1990 was used as base data. The relationship between driving factors and land-use change was analyzed by using binary logistic stepwise regression analysis, based on which land use in 2010 was simulated by CLUE-S model. After the inspection and determination of main parameters impacting on driving factors of land use in the TGRR, land use of this region in 2030 was simulated based on four scenarios, including natural growth, food security, migration-related construction and ecological conservation. The results were shown as follows: (1) The areas under ROC curves of land-use types (LUTs) were both greater than 0.8 under the analysis and inspection of binary logistic model. These LUTs include paddy field, dryland, woodland, grassland, construction land and water area. Therefore, it has a strong interpretation ability of driving factors on land use, which can be used in the estimation of land use probability distribution. (2) The Kappa coefficients, verified from the result of land-use simulation in 2010, were shown of paddy field 0.9, dryland 0.95, woodland 0.97, grassland 0.84, construction land 0.85 and water area 0.77. So the results of simulation could meet the needs of future simulation and prediction. (3) The results of multi-scenario simulation showed a spatial competitive relationship between different LUTs, and an influence on food security, migration-related construction and ecological conservation in the TGRR, including some land use actions such as the large-scale conversion from paddy field to dryland, the occupation on cultivated land, woodland and grassland for rapid expansion of construction land, the reclamation of woodland and grassland into cultivated land, returning steep sloping farmland back into woodland and grassland. Therefore, it is necessary to balance the needs of various aspects in land use optimization, to achieve the coordination between socio-economy and ecological environment.  相似文献   

16.
基于生态-经济权衡的京津冀城市群土地利用优化配置   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
探索生态保护与经济发展的权衡关系,并利用该权衡关系协调土地利用优化配置是解决城市群经济与生态协调发展难题的重要途径,已成为目前的一个研究热点。论文针对京津冀城市群生态友好型协同发展的需求,设置生态系统服务价值最大化和经济价值最大化2种优化目标,每种目标下再设置“生态保护”“统筹兼顾”“粮食安全”和“经济发展”4种土地利用情景,采用CLUE-S模型模拟2025年京津冀城市群在不同情景下的土地利用空间配置格局,及其生态系统服务价值、经济价值在不同目标的各种情景下的变化。研究结果表明:相比2015年,2025年在不同目标不同情景下,各类土地利用面积的数量变化和空间格局均有较大不同,且生态目标和经济目标下不同情景的土地利用配置不同。生态系统服务价值在生态目标生态保护情景下最大,为14423.58亿元;而经济价值则在经济目标经济发展情景下最大,为96771.49亿元。从土地利用变化的空间分布上来看,生态用地中林地与草地的增加多出现在坝上高原和燕山与太行山山地,水体的增加则主要分布在东部沿海地区。研究认为,生态效益与经济效益间存在权衡关系,基于生态-经济权衡的土地利用优化研究结果对未来京津冀城市群生态实践工作有较大的参考价值。  相似文献   

17.
土地利用结构的景观生态学分析——以甘肃省为例   总被引:8,自引:5,他引:3  
李晓丹  刘学录 《中国沙漠》2009,29(4):723-727
采用景观生态学中“斑块—廊道—基质”模式和景观指数对甘肃省土地利用结构进行了研究。结果表明:①土地利用结构根据基质的土地利用类型可以分为4种类型:天水市、定西市、平凉市、临夏州以耕地为基质;陇南市以林地为基质;兰州市、白银市、张掖市、庆阳市、甘南州以牧草地为基质;嘉峪关市,金昌市,酒泉市,武威市则以未利用地为基质。②在自然地理分异背景的控制下,土地利用结构类型在空间分布上具有明显的差异性。③土地利用结构的异质性既具有均质化方向上的,也具有异质化方向的,但总体上变化不大。④虽然最大斑块在空间上差异明显,但时间上的变化不显著。⑤土地利用结构中最小斑块均为园地,除了平凉市和天水市的变化明显且呈递增的趋势外,其他市(州)增长比例都较小。⑥林地在空间上和时间上都是变化最大的斑块,其次为耕地和牧草地。  相似文献   

18.
Land cover change has presented clear spatial differences in the New Eurasian Continental Bridge Economic Corridor (NECBEC) region in the 21st century.A spatiotemporal dynamic probability model and a driving force analysis model of land cover change were developed to analyze explicitly the dynamics and driving forces of land cover change in the NECBEC region.The results show that the areas of grassland,cropland and built-up land increased by 114.57 million ha,8.41 million ha and 3.96 million ha,and the areas of woodland,other land,and water bodies and wetlands decreased by 74.09 million ha,6.26 million ha,and 46.59 million ha in the NECBEC region between 2001 and 2017,respectively.Woodland and other land were mainly transformed to grassland,and grassland was mainly transformed to woodland and cropland.Built-up land had the largest annual rate of increase and 50% of this originated from cropland.Moreover,since the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) commenced in 2013,there has been a greater change in the dynamics of land cover change,and the gaps in the socio-economic development level have gradually decreased.The index of so-cio-economic development was the highest in western Europe,and the lowest in northern Central Asia.The impacts of socio-economic development on cropland and built-up land were greater than those for other land cover types.In general,in the context of rapid so-cio-economic development,the rate of land cover change in the NECBEC has clearly shown an accelerating trend since 2001,especially after the launch of the BRI in 2013.  相似文献   

19.
多因素耦合下三峡库区土地利用未来情景模拟   总被引:21,自引:3,他引:18  
邓华  邵景安  王金亮  高明  魏朝富 《地理学报》2016,71(11):1979-1997
模型模拟和情景变化分析是未来土地利用变化研究的核心内容,本文以2000年三峡库区土地利用现状为基期数据,利用Binary Logistic模型回归分析驱动因子与土地利用间的关系,利用CLUE-S模型对2010年土地利用进行模拟,校验并确定影响库区土地利用驱动因素的主要参数后,基于自然增长、粮食安全、移民建设和生态保护对2020年、2030年库区土地利用情景予以模拟。结果表明:① 通过Binary Logistic模型分析和检验,水田、旱地、林地、草地、建设用地和水域的ROC曲线下面积值均大于0.8,表明所选驱动因子对土地利用的解释能力较强,可用来估算土地利用概率分布;② 2010年各地类模拟结果经验证得Kappa系数分别为水田0.9、旱地0.92、林地0.97、草地0.84、建设用地0.85和水域0.77,总体上能满足模拟与预测需求;③ 多情景模拟显示库区不同土地利用类型在空间上的竞争关系,以及所带来的对库区粮食安全、移民建设、生态保护的影响,包括水田大量转换为旱地(“水改旱”)、耕地与林草地被建设占用、林草地开垦为耕地、陡坡耕地退为林草地等行为,需要在土地利用优化中平衡各方面的需求;④ 多因素、多情景模拟能为库区土地利用提供更为清晰的、可供抉择的政策调控思路。  相似文献   

20.
Analyses of desertified land and land use change in Naiman County of Inner-Mongolia showed that there was a fluctuated in-crease of rain-fed cropland in the period from 1951 to 1960, then decreased until the middle of the 1990's, then increased again, while irrigated cropland consistently increased. The woodland and build-up land consistently increased while grassland area de-creased. The area of water body increased from 1975 to 1995 and then decreased while river beach decreased. Wetland change fluctuated with a maximum of 303.53km2 in 1995 and a minimum of 62.08 km2 in 2002. Invasion of cropland into river beach does not only change land coverage on the beach, but also the hydrological process of the river systems and deeply influence wa-ter availability. The correlation between cropland and underground water table is negative and significant. Increase of irrigated cropland is the primary cause of water availability reduction. Water table reduction is negatively correlated to cropland. The total desertified land has decreased since 1975. A rapid increase occurred before 1959, but it is difficult to assess the change of deserti-fication due to lack of data from 1959 to 1975. Changes of different types of desertified lands were different. There is no signifi-cant correlation between land use and different types of desertified land, but there is a significant negative correlation between woodland and total desertified land. The correlation between grassland and total desertified land is positive and significant. There is a significant correlation between different land cover and key factors such as water body and annual precipitation, river beach and runoff, area of shifting dune and annual precipitation, and cropland and underground water table. Desertification reversion in Naiman County is fragile and will be even much more fragile due to population growth, rapid land use and climate change. This will lead to continued invasion of irrigated cropland into more fragile ecosystems and reduction of water availability.  相似文献   

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