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1.
基于遥感和GIS的中国20世纪90年代毁林开荒状况分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
毁林开荒过程是一种林地变为耕地的土地利用变化过程,可以通过遥感和GIS技术对这一过程进行监测。本文通过覆盖全国的TM影像数据,对20世纪90年代林地转为耕地的面积及其空间分布进行分析,从而对全国毁林开荒过程进行遥感监测。结果表明,该时期有17630km2的林地被开垦为耕地。不同面积等级的开垦过程在不同流域分布也不同:面积小于10hm2和介于10～100hm2的被开垦林地较广泛地分布于各大流域;而面积介于100～1000hm2的被开垦林地主要分布于松辽流域、黑龙江流域和东北东部流域、长江流域、珠江流域和云南省所在流域;大于1000hm2的被开垦林地则几乎全部分布于松辽流域、黑龙江流域和东北东部流域。坡度大于3°的毁林开荒地面积占总面积的295%;对土壤侵蚀背景的分析表明,土壤侵蚀强度以微度和轻度为主 相似文献
2.
Tom Akkermans Anton Van Rompaey Nicole Van Lipzig Pieter Moonen Bruno Verbist 《自然地理学》2013,34(6):417-440
State-of-the-art impact-modeling studies in environmental and climatological sciences require detailed future deforestation scenarios that allow forest to be replaced by a mosaic of multiple successional land-cover types, rather than the simple conversion of forest to a single land-cover type, such as bare soil or cropland. Therefore, not only the amount and location of forest removal has to be known (as is typically provided by scenarios), but also knowledge about the successional land-cover types and their relative areal proportions is needed. The main objective of this study was to identify these successional land-cover types and quantify their areal proportions in regions deforested during the past 37 years around the city of Kisangani, D.R. Congo. The fallow vegetation continuum was categorized in different stages, adapted from existing classifications. Ground-truth points describing the present-day vegetation were obtained during a field campaign and used for supervised and validated land-cover classification of these categories, using the Landsat image of 2012. Areal proportions of successional land-cover types were then derived from the resulting land-cover map. The second objective of this study was to relate these areal proportions to time since deforestation, which is expected to influence fallow landscapes. Landsat images of 1975, 1990, and 2001 were analyzed. Present-day mature tree fallow is less abundant on areas deforested during 1975–1990. The relative areal proportions were used to refine a deforestation scenario and apply it to existing data-sets of LAI and canopy height (CH). Assuming a simple conversion of forest to cropland, the deforestation scenario projected a reduction of grid-cell-averaged CH from 25.5 to 7.5 m (within deforested cells), whereas the refined scenarios that we propose show more subtle changes, with a reduced CH of 13 m. This illustrates the importance of taking successional land cover correctly into account in environmental and climatological modeling studies. 相似文献
3.
Arko Lucieer Menno-Jan Kraak 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):491-512
In this study, we propose, describe, and demonstrate a new geovisualization tool to demonstrate the use of exploratory and interactive visualization techniques for a visual fuzzy classification of remotely sensed imagery. The proposed tool uses dynamically linked views, consisting of an image display, a parallel coordinate plot, a 3D feature space plot, and a classified map with an uncertainty map. It allows a geoscientist to interact with the parameters of a fuzzy classification algorithm by visually adjusting fuzzy membership functions and fuzzy transition zones of land-cover classes. The purpose of this tool is to improve insight into fuzzy classification of remotely sensed imagery and related uncertainty. We tested our tool with a visual fuzzy land-cover classification of a Landsat 7 ETM+ image of an area in southern France characterized by objects with indeterminate boundaries. Good results were obtained with the visual classifier. Additionally, a focus-group user test of the tool showed that insight into a fuzzy classification algorithm and classification uncertainty improved considerably. 相似文献
4.
基于Sentinel-2遥感时间序列植被物候特征的盐城滨海湿地植被分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滨海湿地是具有重要功能的特殊海陆过渡带生态系统,精准获取滨海湿地植被时空分布信息具有重要意义。传统的湿地遥感观测研究集中于高空间、高光谱分辨率影像分类,往往受限于数据成本和覆盖范围,仅适用于小区域湿地监测。Sentinel-2A/B卫星影像时空分辨率高且免费共享,为大区域滨海湿地动态监测提供了可能。本文采用2018年Sentinel-2影像,提出像元级SAVI时间序列及双Logistic植被物候特征拟合重构模型,采用随机森林算法进行盐城滨海湿地植被分类,探讨Sentinel-2遥感时间序列植被物候特征分类方法的适用性。结果显示,分类总体精度达87.61%,Kappa系数为0.8358,分类结果与湿地实况相吻合,比常规单一时相分类精度总体提高19.57%。植被判别物候特征参数可为影像数据缺失或不足的滨海湿地分类提供不同植被的判别依据。研究表明,基于像元级时间序列植被物候特征的分类方法能实现植被群落混生带的精准分类以及对“异物同谱”植被的有效区分,对大区域滨海湿地植被分类具有很好的适用性,有效提高了滨海湿地植被分类精度。 相似文献
5.
Land-cover and land-use change in a Mediterranean landscape: A spatial analysis of driving forces integrating biophysical and human factors 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
This article develops a spatial analysis applied to examine the main driving forces of land-cover and land-use (LCLU) change in a Mediterranean region. Three different tools have been used in order to differentiate LCLU changes, driving forces and landscape dynamics. LCLU changes have been quantified with remote sensing techniques, driving forces have been analysed with multiple logistic regressions combining biophysical and human variables, whereas landscape dynamics have been quantified using different metrics. Results show the intensification of subsidised herbaceous crops on the coastal agricultural plain, the abandonment of olive trees and vineyards in the transitional area and forest restoration in the mountainous subregion. 相似文献
6.
Douglas Stow Allen Hope William Boynton Stuart Phinn Donald Walker Nancy Auerbach 《Geomorphology》1998,21(3-4)
The spatial variability and co-variability of two different types of remote sensing derivatives that portray vegetation and geomorphic patterns are analyzed in the context of estimating regional-scale CO2 flux from land surfaces in the arctic tundra. For a study area encompassing the Kuparuk River watershed of the North Slope of Alaska, we compare satellite-derived maps of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) generated at two different spatial resolutions to a map of vegetation types derived by image classification of data from the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS). Mean values of NDVI for each cover type stratum are unique (with the exception of moist acidic tundra and shrubland types). Based on analysis of semi-variograms generated for SPOT-NDVI data, most of the vegetation cover and landform features of this arctic tundra landscape have spatial dimensions of less than 1 km. Thaw lakes on the coastal plain and glacial depositional landforms, such as moraines in the foothills, seem to be the largest features, with vegetation units having dimensions no larger than 700 m. Frequency distributions of NDVI and vegetation types extracted for sampling transects flown by an aircraft sensing CO2 flux, relative to distributions for the entire Kuparuk River watershed, suggest a slight sampling bias towards greater cover of mesic wet sedge tundra and thaw lakes and associated lower NDVI values. The regional pattern of NDVI for the North Slope of Alaska corresponds primarily to differences between the two major physiographic provinces of this region. 相似文献
7.
Landsat series multispectral remote sensing imagery has gained increasing attention in providing solutions to environmental problems such as land degradation which exacerbate soil erosion and landslide disasters in the case of rainfall events. Multispectral data has facilitated the mapping of soils, land-cover and structural geology, all of which are factors affecting landslide occurrence. The main aim of this research was to develop a methodology to visualize and map past landslides as well as identify land degradation effects through soil erosion and land-use using remote sensing techniques in the central region of Kenya. The study area has rugged terrain and rainfall has been the main source of landslide trigger. The methodology comprised visualizing landslide scars using a False Colour Composite (FCC) and mapping soil erodibility using FCC components applying expert based classification. The components of the FCC were: the first independent component (IC1), Principal Component (PC) with most geological information, and a Normalised Difference Index (NDI) involving Landsat TM/ETM+ band 7 and 3.The FCC components formed the inputs for knowledge-based classification with the following 13 classes: runoff, extreme erosions, other erosions, landslide areas, highly erodible, stable, exposed volcanic rocks, agriculture, green forest, new forest regrowth areas, clear, turbid and salty water. Validation of the mapped landslide areas with field GPS locations of landslide affected areas showed that 66% of the points coincided well with landslide areas mapped in the year 2000. The classification maps showed landslide areas on the steep ridge faces, other erosions in agricultural areas, highly erodible zones being already weathered rocks, while runoff were mainly fluvial deposits. Thus, landuse and rainfall processes play a major role in inducing landslides in the study area. 相似文献
8.
Yanyan Kang Fei Xia Xianrong Ding Changkuan Zhang Ligang Cheng Xiaoping Ge Jennifer Glass 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(5):915-931
Since the 1970s, remote sensing images have provided new information for the delineation and analysis of coastline changes, especially focusing on the short timescale changes. This paper, based on the Landsat MSS imagery, focuses on the coastline evolution of Yancheng, northern Jiangsu, China since the mid-Holocene. A zebra stripe image, which could reveal the ancient coastal evolution of Yancheng, was extracted from a Landsat MSS image. Based on the extracted black-white stripes, 19 surface sediment samples were recovered and analyzed to recognize the sedimentary characteristics of these stripes. It shows that most sand and silty sand samples appear on the white stripes, while silt and silty clay samples are on the black stripes. Sandy and muddy sediments present an alternating distri- bution pattern on the Yancheng coastal plain. A historical coastline map was drawn according to the previous research achievements of the paleo-coastal sand barriers and paleo-coastlines, and was superimposed on the zebra stripe image. The trend of the extracted zebra stripes is consistent with the historical coastlines, and it should be the symbol of the Yancheng coastline evolution. On the basis of ten sets of black-white stripes and previous research results, we divided the progression of Yancheng coastal evolution into three stages （i.e., the early stable stage （6500 a BP-AD 1128）, the rapid deposition stage （AD 1128-1855） and the adjustment stage （AD 1855-present））. Ten sets of black-white stripes were identified as the characteristic pattern of the coastline evolution on the Yancheng coastal plain. 相似文献
9.
三江平原湿地景观结构的时空变化 总被引：57，自引：2，他引：55
基于湿地是流域中重要的景观和生态系统的思想,结合已有历史资料和遥感资料进行不同时段景观制图和GIS分析,对三江平原挠力河流域湿地景观结构和50年 (1949~2000) 来时空变化进行了系统研究,得出的主要结论为：(1) 流域湿地具有特殊的纵向结构、横向结构的景观梯度特征和内部结构特征,并且景观梯度特征与流域地形梯度、水文梯度以及地貌结构特征相协调;(2) 流域湿地景观结构在人类活动干扰下发生了巨大变化：景观纵向结构从连续的基质景观变化为河岸带景观,横向结构从明显的景观类型梯度特征变化为单一类型景观,而景观内部结构特征则表现为镶嵌斑块体的不断丧失;(3) 大规模土地开发活动和水利工程建设是流域湿地景观结构变化的主要驱动力。 相似文献
10.
Successful biological monitoring depends on judicious classification. An attempt has been made to provide an overview of important characteristics of marsh wetland. Classification was used to describe ecosystems and land cover patterns. Different spatial resolution images show different landscape characteristics. Several classification images were used to map and monitor wetland ecosystems of Honghe National Nature Reserve (HNNR) at a plant community scale. HNNR is a typical inland wetland and fresh water ecosystem in the North Temperate Zone. SPOT-5 10 m × 10 m, 20 m × 20 m, and 30 m × 30 m images and Landsat -5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images were used to classify based on maximum likelihood classification (MLC) algorithms. In order to validate the precision of the classifications, this study used aerial photography classification maps as training samples because of their high accuracy. The accuracy of the derived classes was assessed with the discrete multivariate technique called KAPPA accuracy. The results indicate: (1) training samples are important to classification results. (2) Image classification accuracy is always affected by areal fraction and aggregation degree as well as by diversities and patch shape. (3) The core zone area is protected better than buffer zone and experimental zone wetland. The experimental zone degrades fast because of irrational development by humans. 相似文献
11.
滨海湿地高精度的地物分类可以为湿地监测与保护提供数据支持和决策依据。以辽河口湿地为研究对象,以Landsat8 OLI多光谱影像为数据源,结合研究区域实际地物情况,采用像元纯度指数和均值波谱法确定端元光谱,并利用全约束最小二乘混合像元技术和决策树技术制定分类规则,最后将研究区域分为芦苇、翅碱蓬、水稻、滩涂、水体(海水、虾池水、河水等)和人工建筑(包括路面、人工设施、房屋等)六大类。结果表明:该算法分类精度高于90%,结合目视判读与野外实地调查,发现分类结果符合实际地物情况。 相似文献
12.
The principles and the algorithm of order classification of river watershed divides are outlined. It is shown that a formal application of any available order classification procedures for river watershed divides is not theoretically grounded as well as being impractical, because the physical mechanisms for formation of watershed divide network are different from those operating in the river network. We have formulated the basic principle of determining the watershed divides order on the basis of a serial sequence of sections constituting the travel path of an arbitrary water drop from the watershed divide to the outlet section of the basin. It is suggested that the order N should be assigned to the section of the watershed divide belonging to the full divide line of the N-order basin only if the travel path from it to the N-order stream is “full” in the topological sense, i.e. includes sections of all orders, from 1 to N. Also, we present a variant of determining the order on the basis of so-called higher-order triplets, incomplete sequences of sections of three neighboring orders along the travel path, with the higher of them determining the watershed divide order. The use of triplets is a subjective procedure of generalization that eliminates the influence of recent random erosional incisions on the forms of stable high-order watersheds. We outline the variants of the technique for identifying the network of watershed divides and calculating their orders, based on processing the digital elevation models (DEM) through the use of standard GIS ArcMap tools. Results are obtained in the form of a correlated classification of river and watershed networks which are rationally interpreted and hold promise for investigating the structure, functioning and evolution of river systems. The study revealed the existence of formation “cores” of river systems, i.e. regions within which the system reaches a higher stream order and which are bounded by watersheds of the same order. 相似文献
13.
14.
Pece V. Gorsevski Paul E. Gessler Jan Boll William J. Elliot Randy B. Foltz 《Geomorphology》2006,80(3-4):178-198
Mapping of landslide susceptibility in forested watersheds is important for management decisions. In forested watersheds, especially in mountainous areas, the spatial distribution of relevant parameters for landslide prediction is often unavailable. This paper presents a GIS-based modeling approach that includes representation of the uncertainty and variability inherent in parameters. In this approach, grid-based tools are used to integrate the Soil Moisture Routing (SMR) model and infinite slope model with probabilistic analysis. The SMR model is a daily water balance model that simulates the hydrology of forested watersheds by combining climate data, a digital elevation model, soil, and land use data. The infinite slope model is used for slope stability analysis and determining the factor of safety for a slope. Monte Carlo simulation is used to incorporate the variability of input parameters and account for uncertainties associated with the evaluation of landslide susceptibility. This integrated approach of dynamic slope stability analysis was applied to the 72-km2 Pete King watershed located in the Clearwater National Forest in north-central Idaho, USA, where landslides have occurred. A 30-year simulation was performed beginning with the existing vegetation covers that represented the watershed during the landslide year. Comparison of the GIS-based approach with existing models (FSmet and SHALSTAB) showed better precision of landslides based on the ratio of correctly identified landslides to susceptible areas. Analysis of landslide susceptibility showed that (1) the proportion of susceptible and non-susceptible cells changes spatially and temporally, (2) changed cells were a function of effective precipitation and soil storage amount, and (3) cell stability increased over time especially for clear-cut areas as root strength increased and vegetation transitioned to regenerated forest. Our modeling results showed that landslide susceptibility is strongly influenced by natural processes and human activities in space and time; while results from simulated outputs show the potential for decision-making in effective forest planning by using various management scenarios and controlling factors that influence landslide susceptibility. Such a process-based tool could be used to deal with real-dynamic systems to help decision-makers to answer complex landslide susceptibility questions. 相似文献
15.
湿地旅游是学术界和产业界共同关注的热点,但作为湿地旅游基础研究工作的湿地旅游资源分类却长期得不到应有的重视,严重制约了湿地生态旅游的正常开展。在界定湿地旅游资源特征的基础上,引入旅游资源分类的相关概念和方法对湿地旅游资源进行分类。分类结果应用于我国滨海湿地--泉州湾,能有效地指导当地湿地生态旅游的发展。 相似文献
16.
基于IMOP的流域环境-经济系统规划 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
流域是涵盖众多因素的复杂巨系统,其健康持续的发展需要科学的综合规划。作者采用不确定性多目标规划 (IMOP) 模型来研究这一复杂系统。该模型是传统多目标规划法的一种拓展,它将多种系统组分纳入一个框架综合考虑,较好地协调多个目标,尤其能有效处理系统中的不确定性信息。基于此模型,针对流域环境-经济系统特点,建立了流域环境-经济系统不确定性多目标规划模型 (IMOPWEES)。同时,将模型运用于四川省邛海流域规划,得到2种情景不同阶段下的优化方案,以种植结构、旅游服务业结构、水资源配置、污染物排放、森林扩展及水土流失为例予以结果说明和情景比较。研究表明,IMOPWEES用于流域环境-经济系统规划,具有科学性,实用性和可操作性,其为流域相关研究工作提供了一种有效工具。 相似文献
17.
挠力河流域湿地景观演变的累积效应 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
基于累积效应方法和原理,利用遥感和GIS技术,分析了挠力河流域湿地景观时空演变过程及其产生的累积效应。结果显示,该流域湿地景观变化是人类土地开发活动不断叠加、影响强度和空间范围不断扩大的结果。产生的直接累积效应包括湿地景观面积丧失、景观结构破碎化、水文情势变化和生态系统退化;间接的累积效应主要包括生物多样性下降和区域气候趋暖变干。目前,挠力河流域湿地景观变化已经超过了阈值条件,累积效应达到了极为显著的程度。其中,湿地景观多样性趋于丧失,植物物种多样性发生显著变化,某些珍稀水禽种群数量显著下降,有些保护物种已经消失,流域湿地生态正面临极为严重的形势。 相似文献
18.
在湿地遥感研究中,大多数的学者都是通过对遥感影中湿地光谱特征分析的方法提取,对于在光谱分析的基础上进行纹理分析并建立模型的方法提取湿地信息这一方面的研究并不多。本文以枣庄市微山湖湿地为研究对象,利用2008年6月19日的Landsat7 ETM图像数据,在对湿地特征及其遥感图像表征综合分析的基础上,对多光谱遥感图像进行光谱分析,从而提取出湿地与水体的相关信息。在对湿地与水体的区分过程中,为了获得比较精确的湿地信息,我们采用纹理分析的方法对光谱分析的结果进行优化,最后用掩膜法降噪处理,从而使提取结果的分类精度有了很大程度的提高。为湿地管理部门制定相应的湿地保护措施提供相对可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
19.
流域LUCC水文效应研究中的若干问题探讨 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21
随着全球变化研究的深入,土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)的水文效应研究日益成为热点问题。综合国内外研究进展,论文就流域土地利用/覆被变化水文效应研究中的几个问题进行了总结和探讨：子流域和水文响应单元是分布式水文模型对流域基本空间单元的理想划分;对国内外现有的土地利用分类系统进行了适当的调整和归并,建立了基于水文响应研究的土地利用分类系统,将土地利用分为9个Ⅰ级类和21个II级类;土地利用/覆被变化情景分析的常用方法有参照对比法、历史反演法、模型预测法、极端土地利用法、土地利用空间配置法等。 相似文献
20.
辽宁省滨海湿地类型及生态服务价值研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
基于辽宁省海岸带2005年秋季的Landsat ETM影像解译数据,根据辽宁海岸线湿地发育特点,确定辽宁省滨海湿地类型,计算湿地面积;并应用生态经济学的理论和研究方法,结合相关统计数据,对辽宁省滨海湿地提供的资源供给、环境调节和人文社会3大类共8项生态服务的经济价值进行估算。结果表明,辽宁省滨海湿地总面积为15208．06km2,其中自然湿地和人工湿地面积比例分别为71．49％和28．51％;辽宁省滨海湿地生态服务总价值为443．47×10^8元／a,相当于全省2005年GDP的5．54％。其中滨海湿地的资源供给服务价值最大,为195．86×10^8 t／a,占滨海湿地总价值的44．17％,环境调节服务和人文社会服务价值比例分别为31．79％和24．04％,表明滨海湿地在发挥显著的直接经济效益的同时,还兼具巨大的生态效益和社会效益,对于维系辽宁海岸带环境支撑能力和可持续发展能力,确保辽宁沿海经济带建设国家发展战略的实施具有重要的作用。 相似文献