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1.
《地理学报(英文版)》2017,(7)
China's economy has undergone rapid transition and industrial restructuring. The term "urban industry" describes a particular type of industry within Chinese cities experiencing restructuring. Given the high percentage of industrial firms that have either closed or relocated from city centres to the urban fringe and beyond, emergent global cities such as Shanghai, are implementing strategies for local economic and urban development, which involve urban industrial upgrading numerous firms in the city centre and urban fringe. This study aims to analyze the location patterns of seven urban industrial sectors within the Shanghai urban region using 2008 micro-geography data. To avoid Modifiable Areal Unit Problem(MAUP) issue, four distance-based measures including nearest neighbourhood analysis, Kernel density estimation, K-function and co-location quotient have been extensively applied to analyze and compare the concentration and co-location between the seven sectors. The results reveal disparate patterns varying with distance and interesting co-location as well. The results are as follows: the city centre and the urban fringe have the highest intensity of urban industrial firms, but the zones with 20–30 km from the city centre is a watershed for most categories; the degree of concentration varies with distance, weaker at shorter distance, increasing up to the maximum distance of 30 km and then decreasing until 50 km; for all urban industries, there are three types of patterns, mixture of clustered, random and dispersed distribution at a varied range of distances. Consequently, this paper argues that the location pattern of urban industry reflects the stage-specific industrial restructuring and spatial transformation, conditioned by sustainability objectives. 相似文献
2.
The application of very high resolution satellite image in urban vegetation cover investigation： a case study of Xiamen City 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
CHENGChengqi LiBin MATing 《地理学报(英文版)》2003,13(3):265-270
With the technological improvements of satellite sensors, we will acquire more information about the earth so that we have reached a new application epoch of observation on earth environmental change and cartography. But with the enhancement of spatial resolution, some questions have arisen in the application of using traditional image processing and classification methods. Aiming for such questions, we studied the application of IKONOS very high resolution image (1 m) in Xiamen City on Urban Vegetation Cover Investigation and discussed the difference between the very high resolution image and traditional low spatial resolution image at classification,information abstraction etc. It is an advantageous test for the large-scale application of very high resolution data in the future. 相似文献
3.
《地理学报(英文版)》2021,(5)
The development of overseas industrial parks is a key component of the Belt and Road Initiative and a practical way of promoting inclusive globalization by introducing new forms of cooperation between China and the host countries. In this paper, the Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone(TCRIZ), and the China-Indonesia Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone(KITIC) are discussed in the context of the evolving development strategies and trajectories through three interrelated conceptual lenses – policy mobility, actor networks, and partnerships. The actor-network theory provides a lens to analyze how policy mobility and partnerships develop for two industrial zone case studies. The development, which involves a multi-scalar process, is shaped by the interactions among the national states, the regional governments and corporations against a background of globalization. Three types of transnational actor partnership networks have been identified, namely, hierarchical partnership, spontaneous partnership, and hybrid partnership. A highlight of the study is the role that the partnerships play in the process of policy mobility when it comes to the overseas industrial zones. It is argued that the partnerships are the key to achieving technology transfer on a cross-national basis, and the effectiveness of the technology transfer is dependent on partner selection and the roles of the actors in policy mobility. 相似文献
4.
With the rapid economic development during the last 30 years in China, more and more disparities have emerged among different regions. It has been one of the hot topics in the fields of physical geography and economic geography, and also has been the task for Chinese government to handle. Nevertheless, to quantitatively assess the impacts of physio-geographical patterns （PGP） on the regional development disparity has been ignored for a long time. In this paper, a quantitative method was adopted to assess the marginal effects of the PGP on spatio-temporal disparity using the partial determination coefficients. The paper described the construction of the evaluation model step by step following its key scientific thinking. Total GDP, per capita GDP, primary industrial output value and secondary industrial output value were employed in this study as the indicators to reflect the impacts of PGP on the regional development disparity. Based on the evaluation methods built by researchers, this study firstly analyzed the temporal impacts of the PGP on spatio-temporal disparity of the regional development in China during the past 50 years, and then explained the spatial differences at each development stage. The results show that the spatio-temporal disparity in China is highly related to the PGP, and that the marginal contribution rate could be employed as an effective way to quantitatively assess the impact of the PGP on spatio-temporal disparity of the regional development. 相似文献
5.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(12)
Struggling for supremacy between great powers and the rise or fall and regime change of great powers are all subject to the Geopolitical Law. Geographers should keep in step with the times, accurately grasp the national interests, and seize the opportunity to contribute to the great rejuvenation of our nation. However, due to lack of criticism on the history and philosophy of geopolitics, we can neither accurately understand the geopolitical theory, nor effectively put the geopolitical theory into practice. This paper introduces the development of critical geopolitics, summarizes the three characteristics of critical geopolitics, and interprets the four classical geopolitical theories accordingly. In order to simplify the interpretation process, this paper firstly presents an analytical framework for interpretation of four classical geopolitical theories; secondly, focuses on interpretation of "The Geographical Pivot of History" put forward by Mackinder according to the analytical framework; finally, critically summarizes the four classical geopolitical theories. Through the critical interpretation, this paper draws a conclusion that there are the scientific, hypothetical and conceptual classical geopolitical theories. The construction of classical geopolitical theories is based on the international geopolitical structure, spatial distribution of national interests and inter-state spatial conflict, in order to show the identity of theoretical constructor, so as to reflect the historicality, sociality, situationality and geographical knowledge – power structure of geopolitical theories. 相似文献
6.
柴达木盆地植被覆盖度的分析与模拟——空间自相关方法的运用(英文) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Relationship between vegetation and environmental factors has always been a major topic in ecology, but it has also been an important way to reveal vegetation’s dynamic response to and feedback effects on climate change. For the special geographical location and climatic characteristics of the Qaidam Basin, with the support of traditional and remote sensing data, in this paper a vegetation coverage model was established. The quantitative prediction of vegetation coverage by five environmental factors was initially realized through multiple stepwise regression (MSR) models. However, there is significant multicollinearity among these five environmental factors, which reduces the performance of the MSR model. Then through the introduction of the Moran Index, an indicator that reflects the spatial auto-correlation of vegetation distribution, only two variables of average annual rainfall and local Moran Index were used in the final establishment of the vegetation coverage model. The results show that there is significant spatial autocorrelation in the distribution of vegetation. The role of spatial autocorrelation in the establishment of vegetation coverage model has not only improved the model fitting R2 from 0.608 to 0.656, but also removed the multicollinearity among independents. 相似文献
7.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(8)
Economic geography in China's mainland has developed in a different way from that in many other countries. On the one hand, it has been increasingly active in participating in academic dialogues and knowledge development led by Anglophone countries; on the other hand, it takes practice-based and policy-oriented research, i.e. satisfying the demands from the Chinese government and society, as the linchpin of research. Since there has been a lot of literature reviewing the development of economic geography in the country before the new millennium, this paper will make a comprehensive analysis of the discipline in 2000–2015, based on a bibliometric survey and research projects done by Chinese economic geographers. The analysis indicates that(1) economic geography research in China's mainland is unevenly distributed but concentrated in several leading institutions;(2) traditional research fields like human-nature system, regional disparity, industrial location and transportation geography remain dominant while new topics such as globalization, multinational corporations and foreign direct investments, information and communication technology, producer services, climate change and carbon emission emerge as important research areas;(3) Chinese economic geography is featured by policy-oriented research funded by government agencies, having considerable impacts on regional policy making in China, both national and regional. To conclude, the paper argues that the development of economic geography in China's mainland needs to follow a dual track in the future, i.e. producing knowledge for the international academic community and undertaking policy-oriented research to enhance its role as a major consulting body for national, regional and local development. 相似文献
8.
The sustainable development has been seriously challenged by global climate change due to carbon emissions. As a developing country, China promised to reduce 40%–45% below the level of the year 2005 on its carbon intensity by 2020. The realization of this target depends on not only the substantive transition of society and economy at the national scale, but also the action and share of energy saving and emissions reduction at the provincial scale. Based on the method provided by the IPCC, this paper examines the spatiotemporal dynamics and dominating factors of China's carbon intensity from energy consumption in 1997–2010. The aim is to provide scientific basis for policy making on energy conservation and carbon emission reduction in China. The results are shown as follows. Firstly, China's carbon emissions increased from 4.16 Gt to 11.29 Gt from 1997 to 2010, with an annual growth rate of 7.15%, which was much lower than that of GDP(11.72%). Secondly, the trend of Moran's I indicated that China's carbon intensity has a growing spatial agglomeration at the provincial scale. The provinces with either high or low values appeared to be path-dependent or space-locked to some extent. Third, according to spatial panel econometric model, energy intensity, energy structure, industrial structure and urbanization rate were the dominating factors shaping the spatiotemporal patterns of China's carbon intensity from energy consumption. Therefore, in order to realize the targets of energy conservation and emission reduction, China should improve the efficiency of energy utilization, optimize energy and industrial structure, choose the low-carbon urbanization approach and implement regional cooperation strategy of energy conservation and emissions reduction. 相似文献
9.
Language plays a vital role in the communication, sharing and transmission of information among human beings. Geographical languages are essential for understanding, investigating, representing and propagating geo-spatial information. Geographical languages have developed and evolved gradually with improvements in science, technology and cognitive levels. Concerning the theoretical progress from geographical information ontology, epistemology and linguistic theory, this paper firstly puts forward the concept of a GIS language and discusses its basic characteristics according to changes in the structures, functions and characteristics of geographical languages. This GIS language can be regarded as a system of synthetic digital symbols. It is a comprehensive representation of geographical objects, phenomena and their spatial distributions and dynamic processes. This representation helps us generate a universal perception of geographical space using geographical scenarios or symbols with geometry, statuses, processes, spatio-temporal relationships, semantics and attributes. Furthermore, this paper states that the GIS language represents a new generation of geographical language due to its intrinsic characteristics, structures, functions and systematic content. Based on the aforementioned theoretical foundation, this paper illustrates the pivotal status and contributions of the GIS language from the perspective of geographical researchers. The language of GIS is a new geographical language designed for the current era, with features including spatio-temporal multi-dimension representation, interactive visualization, virtual geographical scenarios, multi-sensor perception and expedient broadcasting via the web. The GIS language is the highest-level geographical language developed to date, integrating semantic definitions, feature extraction, geographical dynamic representation and spatio-temporal factors and unifying the computation of geographical phenomena and objects. The GIS language possesses five important characteristics: abstraction, systematicness, strictness, precision and hierarchy. In summary, the GIS language provides a new means forpeople to recognize, understand and simulate entire geo-environments. Therefore, exploration of the GIS language’s functions in contemporary geographical developments is becoming increasingly important. Similarly, construction of the conceptual model and scientific systems of the GIS language will promote the development of the disciplines of geography and geographical information sciences. Therefore, this paper investigates the prospects of the GIS language from the perspectives of digital technology, geographical norms, geographical modeling and the disciplinary development of geography. 相似文献
10.
Land use change has a profound impact on biodiversity and ecological processes, and is closely related to changes in landscape patterns. This paper introduces the theory and method of land economic niche into landscape ecology, which provides a new method for spatial characterization of urban and rural spatial landscape patterns. Based on this theory, this paper analyzes the landscape pattern of Ganzhou District by using Landsat images as data source in 1995, 2000, 2005,2010 and 2015. We calculated the land economic niche by applying the niche potential theory. Combined with the theory of landscape ecology, we explored the effects of the land economic niche change on the landscape pattern at a county scale.The results show that economic niche of construction land, watershed and farmland increased during 1995–2015, and grassland declined significantly. The economic niche of farmland, construction land, watershed and grassland show a negative correlation with the number of patches(NP), fragmentation index(FN) and the fractal dimension index(FD), and had a positive correlation with the aggregation index(AI). There was no significant correlation between the forest land economic niche and landscape metrics. The change of land economic niche has a driving effect on the landscape pattern of the county, which can represent the economic development direction of Ganzhou District. The land economic niche is closely related to the landscape type which can directly obtain an economic benefit. 相似文献
11.
信息时代的企业区位研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
信息化对传统经济地理学的许多理论和概念提出了新的挑战.其中,尤其值得关注的是信息化对传统区位理论提出的挑战以及赋予其的新活力.本文首先分析信息技术广泛应用对企业区位因子的影响,然后深入探讨信息技术对企业区位产生影响的机制,最后通过美特斯邦威案例进行验证.研究表明,信息化逐渐成为企业区位选择的核心因素之一;同时,信息化也对其他区位因子产生重要影响,主要表现为促进传统物质区位因子的弱化以及带来新区位因子作用的不断突显.在信息技术驱动的企业区位再选择的过程中,“时间成本”是决定新区位的核心机制. 相似文献
12.
信息技术对企业空间组织的影响——以诺基亚北京星网工业园为例 总被引：31，自引：4，他引：27
最近通信技术的进展引发了对经济活动集聚和扩散力量的争论。本文以坐落于北京经济技术开发区的星网工业园为例 ,探讨在新的信息技术下地方企业集群的动力机制。过去几十年中 ,新的信息技术在经济空间变化中起着越来越重要的作用 ,但是它只是一种提供可能或促成发生的介质 ,并不是决定性的。新的信息技术的应用会导致企业的“虚拟集群” ,这是运用信息技术整合和缩短供应链的必然结果 ,但是零部件厂是否选择在地理空间上与整装厂集中在一起还取决于其他因素。在这个过程中 ,时间成本正成为企业空间组织的重要影响因素 相似文献
13.
近年来， 信息技术的广泛应用正在对产业集群的形成和发展产生着深刻的影响。基于现 代信息技术所形成的网络联系逐渐成为产业集群关系网络的主要内容之一， 是深刻理解产业集 群演化和升级机制的重要方面。特别是， 信息技术可以使产业集群内中小企业空间联系的范围扩 大、时间成本下降， 为其走向全球市场提供便利的条件。本文首先回顾了我国企业信息技术应用 的发展过程与具体形式， 并在此基础上阐述了影响中小企业集群中信息技术应用的主要因素， 最 后以浙江省温岭市鞋业集群为案例分析了这些因素的具体作用。 相似文献
14.
近年来, 信息技术的广泛应用正在对产业集群的形成和发展产生着深刻的影响。基于现 代信息技术所形成的网络联系逐渐成为产业集群关系网络的主要内容之一, 是深刻理解产业集 群演化和升级机制的重要方面。特别是, 信息技术可以使产业集群内中小企业空间联系的范围扩 大、时间成本下降, 为其走向全球市场提供便利的条件。本文首先回顾了我国企业信息技术应用 的发展过程与具体形式, 并在此基础上阐述了影响中小企业集群中信息技术应用的主要因素, 最 后以浙江省温岭市鞋业集群为案例分析了这些因素的具体作用。 相似文献
15.
企业信息技术应用与产业链空间变化——以中国服装纺织企业为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
信息通信技术(ICTs)在经济活动空间重组过程中的作用逐渐被认同,然而不同的空间层级不同的部门其重组过程与特征表现各异,形成的观点和争论多样。企业作为最基本的经济单元在信息化浪潮中发生的变化成为一个重要研究议题。本文以服装纺织企业为研究案例,通过企业访谈获取资料,旨在探讨传统制造业在信息技术下的演变特征,尤其是在信息技术下基于时间成本的生产链空间组织的变化特征。本文主要对服装纺织企业具体的信息技术应用进行了剖析,分析了信息技术下不同发展程度企业生产链空间组织特征及其变化。结果发现服装纺织企业在信息技术下,其设计、生产、配送的周期快速缩减,证明了时间因素在信息技术导致生产链空间组织变革中的重要意义;同时发现信息技术对传统加工制造型纺织服装企业的影响主要表现为生产链某个环节管理功能的加强;而对于产业升级后的企业来说,信息技术对整个生产链空间组织的影响明显。 相似文献
16.
新产业区的形成机制及其与传统空间组织理论的关系 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
在新产业区概念和特征进行概括的基础上,归纳了产业区发展的一般过程,并重点对新产业区的形成机制及所具有的优势进行了探讨。地方化产业群及区域创新网络的形成是新产业区成熟的标志,知识外溢、经济外部性导致的收益递增,以及基于密切的内部联系引来交易成本的降低使新产业区获得了强大的经济竞争优势,新产业区的空间组织形式所具有的网络效应、创新效应和企业与地方文化的良好融合是经济竞争优势的根本。最后,对新产业区理论和传统的空间组织理论之间的关系进行了对比分析,总结了二者的之间的异同。 相似文献
17.
信息技术对中国服装企业空间组织的影响 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
近年来,信息技术的广泛应用在对传统的企业组织模式产生深刻影响的同时,也催生了一些新的企业组织模式.信息技术导致的市场透明化和竞争激烈化正在促使企业进行不断的变革和发展,比如生产链的变革及其在不同环节上的体现.这些变化对企业空间组织产生着重要影响.信息技术的角色和作用、企业的变革方向以及可能产生的空间组织变化,都需要深入的研究.结合统计数据、企业访谈和问卷调查等数据,回顾了中国企业信息技术应用的概况和主要类型,并在此基础上以上虞市服装企业集群和PPG为案例进行对比分析,在地方层面上探讨信息技术对企业空间组织的影响.案例研究结果显示信息技术促进企业生产活动的空间集聚以及企业销售活动的空间扩散,时间成本正成为信息时代企业空间组织的重要影响因素. 相似文献
18.
基于时间距离的C2C电子商务虚拟商圈分析——以位于北京的淘宝网化妆品零售为例 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
基于超制图学的基本思想,建立模型将物流配送的时间距离,换算成km为单位的空间距离。在此基础上,通过ArcGIS 的地图投影空间变换方法,用换算出的“距离”重新定义两地间距离,变形原地图形成时间距离地图。选取位于北京的50 家淘宝网化妆品C2C电子商务卖家,分析其近6 个月的交易信息,基于时间距离地图,研究其虚拟商圈形态特征及产生原因。结果表明,C2C电子商务在时间距离地图上的虚拟商圈,呈现出与传统零售业商圈类似但又不完全相同的特征:信息技术降低空间摩擦,使得虚拟商圈辐射范围较广;“时间距离”影响了消费决策,虚拟商圈呈现出近圆形圈层;但“时间距离”的“摩擦阻力”不是消费决策唯一影响因素,虚拟商圈的渗透性、重叠性、动态变化较传统商圈增强。 相似文献
19.
《Urban geography》2013,34(3):277-296
Attention has shifted to the role of subsidiary urban centers as the new “spatial nodes” within metropolitan areas as manufacturing employment has dispersed away from its traditional central city locations over the past decades. Understanding the character and evolving functions of these new “centers” is crucial to predicting (or influencing) future metropolitan spatial patterns. This paper explores the nature and role of the principal employment centers within the Dallas-Fort Worth region from the perspective of locational choices by firms in three-digit SIC Manufacturing. First the centers are empirically identified via a methodology that “maps” employment land-use polygons onto a zip code-level geography. The industrial attributes of firms choosing such centers are then investigated using multinomial logit. The general attractiveness to firms in manufacturing of various spatial characteristics of these centers are next studied through a discrete choice framework. Finally, a “mixed” conditional logit model is specified and implemented to identify special affinities between a type of firm and a kind of location. Results of the exercise enable judgment on the utility of the employment center concept and on industrial location behavior in a modem urban context. 相似文献
20.
20世纪90年代以来,信息技术的蓬勃发展对全球的社会经济活动及其空间过程产生了深刻的影响。其中,尤其值得地理学家关注的是,各个国家和地区的信息化发展水平(尤其是信息技术基础设施)的空间不均衡分布(即所谓的"数字鸿沟"),这将影响社会经济活动的区位选择。信息时代,良好的区位意味着可接近、快速沟通与高收益的网络,即高信息化发展水平。在这种背景下,本文通过模糊层次分析法建立信息化评价指标体系,测算全球154个国家和地区的信息化发展水平,并计算洲际层面和国家层面的变差系数CV,系统研究世界信息化发展进程、空间格局及存在的数字鸿沟。另外,还分析并揭示了我国信息化发展与发达国家之间的差距,以期对中国信息化发展提出政策和建议。 相似文献