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1.
对中国首次(1999年)和第二次(2003年)北极科学考察在楚科奇海及邻近的北冰洋深水区采取的47站表层沉积物进行了碎屑重矿物鉴定分析。结果表明北冰洋西部表层沉积物中重矿物以抗风化能力较弱的绿帘石、紫苏辉石和普通角闪石为优势矿物,钛铁矿、石榴子石、磷灰石和赤铁矿为特征矿物。矿物组合分区表明研究区物质来源和水动力变化较为复杂:白令海峡以南沉积物中重矿物含量高,水动力强;白令海峡以北的洋流变化与所经区域沉积物重矿物种类和含量变化相一致,即楚科奇海中部沉积物富集紫苏辉石、钛铁矿和石榴子石,物质来源可能与楚科奇山原相关,而在阿拉斯加沿岸沉积物中富集绿帘石和紫苏辉石,与阿拉斯加沿岸流携带物质相关;楚科奇海北部深水区碎屑矿物沉积速率低且矿物多有蚀变。 相似文献
2.
近百年来人类活动对鸭绿江口河床演变的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文以鸭绿江口西汊道连续性较好、时间分辨率较高、以海湾性质为主的2 处现代沉积物为样本,对其沉积速率、粒度特征、碎屑矿物、重金属进行了测定和分析。柱状样记录了1920 年以来西汊道上游的沉积过程,平均沉积速率约为0.98 cm/a,粒度参数、指示性碎屑矿物、重金属的垂向分布显示出这里的沉积是以海相河口湾沉积为主,但交替存在河流沉积。通过与前期研究成果的比较,揭示了近百年来人类活动对鸭绿江口河床演变的影响。其中,兴修水利对河床演变的影响集中在早期,并带来了河床地貌的重大改变,西汊道失去了河流主汊道的地位;围垦带来的河床演变出现在中期,对河床地貌的影响也很深刻,表现为陆域面积不断扩大,水域面积不断缩小;航道治理等人类活动对河床演变的影响出现在中后期,河床地貌没有明显的改变;最近的人类活动影响有待观察。 相似文献
3.
基于南极半岛东北部海域15个表层碎屑沉积物样品和1个柱状样的碎屑矿物学分析,对该区的沉积环境与物质来源进行了相关分析。结果显示,该区碎屑矿物共有31种,其中,重矿物19种,以石榴子石、紫苏辉石、绿帘石、普通角闪石为主;轻矿物12种,以石英、斜长石、火山玻璃(褐色、无色)为主。根据矿物组合分布特征,研究区可以划分为2个碎屑物沉积区:Ⅰ区为辉石-磁铁矿-火山玻璃型,主要物质来源为南设得兰群岛及南极半岛北段火山岩与火山喷发物,冰川为其主要搬运介质和动力来源;Ⅱ区为石榴子石-绿帘石-角闪石-石英型,南奥克尼群岛物质、南极绕极环流搬运南极半岛及其附近岛屿的物质对该区沉积物均有贡献。 相似文献
4.
海洋表层沉积物的磁学性质逐渐被证明是分析海洋沉积物物源的有效手段之一。选取海南岛周边海域39个站位的表层沉积物进行了磁学特征研究。结果表明：海南岛周边海域表层沉积物的低频磁化率和频率磁化率具有明显的空间分异特征,表现为高值区主要出现在海南岛以南海域,而海南岛以东和以西海域则呈现从岸向海逐渐降低的趋势。磁化率的影响因素分析表明：研究区海洋表层沉积物的磁化率主要由陆源碎屑物质贡献,因此可以认为沉积物低频磁化率和频率磁化率的空间分布特征能指示陆源输入的变化。利用多个环境磁学参数对采样点进行Q型聚类,并结合低频磁化率和频率磁化率的空间分布特征及采样点的地理位置将研究区划分为4个区域：海南岛以东水深超过100 m的海域（Ⅰ区）沉积物主要来源于其东北面的珠江水系,同时粤西沿岸河流携带来的物质也有一定程度的影响;海南岛以东水深小于100 m和海南岛以南海域（Ⅱ区）沉积物可能主要来自于海南岛沿岸侵蚀搬运以及入海河流输入;北部湾北部海域（Ⅲ区）沉积物受琼州海峡和北部湾沿岸河流输入物质的共同影响;海南岛以西海域（Ⅳ区）沉积物受来自海南岛西南侧河流输入、沿岸侵蚀物和由南向北的洋流所携带的沉积物的共同影响。研究表明：低频磁化率和频率磁化率组合可有效指示近岸表层沉积物的物源变化。 相似文献
5.
本文通过对南极半岛西北部海域23个表层沉积物中碎屑矿物分析研究,获得以下结果:1.主要矿物有单斜辉石、斜方辉石、角闪石、绿帘石、磁铁矿、钛铁矿、黄铁矿、白云母、黑云母、绿泥石、橄榄石,玄武闪石、石榴石、磷灰石、锆石、金红石及火山玻璃、斜长石、石英等;2.根据矿物分布特征和稀土元素特征本区可分为三个矿物区和三种矿物组合类型:①基性火山碎屑矿物沉积区,矿物组合类型为辉石-火山玻屑型;②中酸性火成矿物沉积区,矿物组合类型为辉石-绿帘石-角闪石-石英;③基性火山碎屑矿物和变质矿物混合沉积区。矿物组合类型为辉石-绿帘石-石榴石-石英-火山玻屑。 相似文献
6.
根据粒度、微体生物组合、矿物组分和微量元素丰度,探讨了南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡中央海槽和南部下陆坡区冰－海沉积环境形成的硅质沉积物特征。硅质沉积物主要为硅藻软泥或粉砂质硅藻软泥,由微体生物遗体、粘土矿物、火山物质和陆源碎屑矿物所组成。硅质生物壳体主要为硅藻,含量＞３０％,含少量放射虫和硅质壳有孔虫。粘土矿物中蒙脱石的含量高达５２．５％,其次为陆源伊利石,高岭石和绿泥石含量相对较低。碎屑重矿物以橄榄石、辉石、角闪石等非稳定组合为特征,轻矿物主要包括石英、长石和火山玻璃。微量元素丰度特征与大洋现代表层沉积物有所区别。研究区硅质沉积作用具有多种物源、生物沉积作用居重要地位、陆源（包括火山）物质以粉砂和粘土级细质点为主、相对较高的沉积速率和受地质构造背景影响等特征。 相似文献
7.
沙漠/沙地中沉积物的粒度是物源及各种地表过程长期作用的结果。研究沉积物粒度特征对认识沙漠/沙地形成演变和防沙治沙具有重要意义。本文对浑善达克沙地不同类型沉积物进行了详细采样,对其进行粒度和端元分析。结果表明,浑善达克沙地风成沙受风力分选作用影响,平均粒径和分选系数沿盛行风向存在显著变化趋势。偏度和峰度的空间格局较为复杂,可能与局地物源、沉积环境和植被覆盖等因素有关。端元分析结果显示,风成沙含有6个端元（EM）,其中EM1与沙地西部湖相沉积露头有关;EM2来自松散的河湖相沉积物,在风力作用下呈现显著空间变化;EM3是风成沙的主要物质来源,与河流携带的碎屑物质有关;EM4可能来源于周围山体的冲洪积物;EM5和EM6粒度最粗,与间冰期河湖相沉积物中的粗粒组分相似。浑善达克沙地沉积物粒度特征表明,风成沙主要来自沙地附近不同时期的河湖相沉积物,远源贡献较少。沙地西部是风成沙的主要源区,在风力作用下较细组分的风成沙向沙地中东部运移,而沙地南缘和东缘河流也为其邻近区域贡献了沙源。本文研究说明,通过高密度采样并结合端元分析,沉积物粒度可解决地表过程复杂的沙漠地区风沙物源识别问题。 相似文献
8.
柴达木盆地四湖区卤水锂资源极为丰富,那棱格勒河是其最重要的补给源,查清那棱格勒河流域表层沉积物中锂的分布和赋存特征对深刻理解卤水锂富集成矿过程具有重要意义。以那棱格勒河流域表层沉积物为研究对象,探讨了其中锂的赋存特征及分布规律。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物以砂和粉砂为主,锂主要赋存在粉砂和黏土粒级沉积物中;黏土矿物组成以伊利石和伊蒙混层为主,高盐度卤水环境有利于黏土矿物形成。元素地球化学分析显示,锂主要赋存在伊蒙混层矿物中,较高含量的K对于Li进入伊利石矿物晶格具有一定的抑制作用,Li和B在地质过程中应具有相似的地球化学行为。 相似文献
9.
在全新世时间尺度内,沉积记录主要受控于沉积物供给、输运和堆积过程等因素。对废黄河沉积记录的深入分析可以反演黄河南流夺淮过程中沉积物的“源”-“汇”关系。基于废黄河故道沉积记录中重矿物和地球化学元素特征,并结合与现代黄河沉积物的对比,揭示废黄河沉积记录中物质来源的信息。结果表明,废黄河故道沉积物中重矿物平均含量为0.19%,种类多达15余种,以稳定矿物为主,不同矿物的时空变化差异较大。废黄河故道泥质和砂质沉积物中,地球化学元素表现出明显的时空变化规律,随深度递增元素含量可分为降低、稳定和增加趋势。对比现代黄河沉积物,发现废黄河故道沉积物中稳定和极稳定矿物相对含量较高,泥质沉积物中更多地富集Zn,Ni,Al,Ba,Cu,Li,K等元素。这一差异性反映出其它不同河流物质补给而产生的影响,淮河沉积物中重矿物和地球化学元素的研究为该论断提供了佐证。 相似文献
10.
11.
Based on sediment and discharge flux data for the Yellow River, realistic forcing fields and bathymetry of the Bohai Sea,
a suspended sediment transport module is driven by a wave-current coupled model to research seasonal variations and mechanisms
of suspended load transport to the Bohai Sea. It could be concluded that surface sediment concentration indicates a distinct
spatial distribution characteristic that varies seasonally in the Bohai Sea. Sediment concentration is rather high near the
Yellow River estuary, seasonal variations of which are controlled by quantity of sediment from the Yellow River, suspended
sediment concentration reaches its maximum during summer and fall. Furthermore, sediment concentration decreases rapidly in
other seas far from the Yellow River estuary and maintains a very low level in the center of the Bohai Sea, and is dominated
by seasonal variations of climatology wind field in the Bohai Sea. Only a small amount of sediments imported from the Yellow
River are delivered northwestward to the southern coast of the Bohai Bay. Majority of sediments are transported southeastward
to the Laizhou Bay, where sediments are continuously delivered into the center of the Bohai Sea in a northeastward direction,
and part of them are transported eastward alongshore through the Bohai Strait. 69% of sediments from the Yellow River are
deposited near the river delta, 31% conveyed seaward, within which, 4% exported to the northern Yellow Sea through the Bohai
Strait. Wind wave is the most essential contributor to seasonal variations of sediment concentration in the Bohai Sea, and
the contribution of tidal currents is also significant in shallow waters when wind speed is low. 相似文献
12.
Based on sediment and discharge flux data for the Yellow River, realistic forcing fields and bathymetry of the Bohai Sea, a suspended sediment transport module is driven by a wave-current coupled model to research seasonal variations and mechanisms of suspended load transport to the Bohai Sea. It could be concluded that surface sediment concentration indicates a distinct spatial distribution characteristic that varies seasonally in the Bohai Sea. Sediment concentration is rather high near the Yellow River estuary, seasonal variations of which are controlled by quantity of sediment from the Yellow River, suspended sediment concentration reaches its maximum during summer and fall. Furthermore, sediment concentration decreases rapidly in other seas far from the Yellow River estuary and maintains a very low level in the center of the Bohai Sea, and is dominated by seasonal variations of climatology wind field in the Bohai Sea. Only a small amount of sediments imported from the Yellow River are delivered northwestward to the southern coast of the Bohai Bay. Majority of sediments are transported southeastward to the Laizhou Bay, where sediments are continuously delivered into the center of the Bohai Sea in a northeastward direction, and part of them are transported eastward alongshore through the Bohai Strait. 69% of sediments from the Yellow River are deposited near the river delta, 31% conveyed seaward, within which, 4% exported to the northern Yellow Sea through the Bohai Strait. Wind wave is the most essential contributor to seasonal variations of sediment concentration in the Bohai Sea, and the contribution of tidal currents is also significant in shallow waters when wind speed is low. 相似文献
13.
Dominic A. Hodgson 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,21(3):263-269
Sediments of Lake Fidler, a meromictic lake in south-west Tasmania, contain distinctive laminae. In order to determine their composition and formation, these laminae were studied using a combination of X- ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectrometry. Results indicated that the laminae were composed of clay originating from the adjacent Gordon River estuary. The clay was also found as part of the general sediment matrix of the core. The evidence indicates that the laminae are formed during incursions of brackish water from the adjacent Gordon River estuary into Lake Fidler which cause the flocculation of clay minerals in the water column. These clay minerals then sink rapidly to the sediments to form laminae. Although the formation of these laminae pre-dates meromixis, their mode of formation corroborates the theory that meromixis is maintained ectogenically by periodic inflows of brackish water replenishing monimolimnetic salts. 相似文献
14.
Frequent and serious aeolian disasters occur in the upper and middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, which runs through the high-elevation Tibet Plateau. Sediment geochemical characteristics can be used as a proxy to identify the sediment's provenance. To determine the provenance of aeolian sediments in the river's basin, we analysed major and trace element contents from surface samples and local clastic rocks throughout the basin. We found that the major and trace elements differed between the middle reaches, upper reaches and regions south of the river. Major element contents were similar in the upper and middle reaches, but trace elements differed. Al2O3, MgO and Na2O concentrations increased from the upper reaches to the lower reaches, and in the lower reaches, MgO and Na2O were enriched compared with the crustal average. The similarities between samples in the lower part of the upper reaches and those in the middle reaches indicated that sediment transported by fluvial systems from the upper reaches were first deposited in the wide valleys near Xigaze, where they formed a large area of shifting sand. These deposits were then transported by the wind to the river's middle reaches, where they formed a large area of shifting sand. When we compared aeolian sediment in the middle reaches with the local clastic rocks, they appeared to be unrelated. The difference between sediments south of the river and those in the middle reaches means that the southern sediments were not transported to the middle reaches. Therefore, the aeolian sediment in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River mainly came from the lower part of the upper reaches, not from the local clastic rocks. 相似文献
15.
长江口水域悬沙浓度时空变化与泥沙再悬浮 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
根据近年来长江河口及其邻近水域8个测站1年的表层悬沙浓度逐日观测资料,并结合水动力状况,对悬沙浓度的时空变化进行了分析。结果发现,长江口自徐六泾以下悬沙浓度不断增高,并呈现口内夏高冬低,而口外冬高夏低,且量值为口外大于口内,杭州湾大于长江口。表明长江入海泥沙在海洋动力作用下强烈再悬浮;悬沙浓度在时间上呈现明显的大小潮周期和季节性变化。进一步分析认为,海洋动力 (风浪和潮流) 是泥沙再悬浮的主导因素,制约悬沙浓度的年内变化,其中潮流控制悬沙浓度的大小潮周期变化,风浪引起悬沙浓度的季节性变化,河流径流和海洋动力的对比制约悬沙浓度的空间分布。 相似文献
16.
本文从河口塑造与输沙关系、流域泄沙与输移模式,以及口外来沙与潮流输移特征等三方面,探讨河口区的泥沙运移规律和补给来源。并在此基础上,提出粗细不同粒级的造床泥沙按不同方式治理的设想。 相似文献
17.
珠江三角洲干流汊道泥沙分配及变化--以西、北江三角洲为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对６０年代和９０年代珠江三角洲河网典型汊河泥沙分配变化的对比分析,认为（１）珠江河口区的泥沙主要来自陆相径流挟带的下行泥沙和随潮流挟带的上溯泥沙,其中径流及其挟带的泥沙是现代珠江三角洲建造过程中的基本动力和物质,起着主导作用,而珠江河口区由径流挟带的悬移质泥沙又主要来自西江。（２）西北江干沙处于逐年淤积的总趋势,其中河流段冲淤变化不大,过渡段有冲有淤,以淤为主,潮流段由是普遍淤积。（４）海平面 相似文献
18.
A detailed analysis of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) variations over a year period is presented using the data from 8 stations in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters, together with a discussion of the hydrodynamic regimes of the estuary. Spatially, the SSC from Xuliujing downwards to Hangzhou Bay increases almost constantly, and the suspended sediment in the inner estuary shows higher concentration in summer than in winter, while in the outer estuary it shows higher concentration in winter than in summer, and the magnitude is greater in the outer estuary than in the inner estuary, greater in the Hangzhou Bay than in the Yangtze River estuary. The sediments discharged by the Yangtze River into the sea are resuspended by marine dynamics included tidal currents and wind waves. Temporally, the SSC shows a pronounced neap-spring tidal cycle and seasonal variations. Furthermore, through the analysis of dynamic mechanism, it is concluded that wave and tidal current are two predominant factors of sediment resuspension and control the distribution and changes of SSC, in which tidal currents control neap-spring tidal cycles, and wind waves control seasonal variations. The ratio between river discharge and marine dynamics controls spatial distribution of SSC. 相似文献