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1.
Globalization,Economic Restructuring,and Locational Trajectories of Software Firms in Shanghai 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Yehua Dennis Wei Xiujing Bi Mingfeng Wang Yuemin Ning 《The Professional geographer》2016,68(2):211-226
Producer services are traditionally considered as place-bound and clustered in city centers to benefit from agglomeration effects. Such a pattern has been reshaped, however, by the decentralization of the service industry and the development of information and communication technology (ICT), especially for the software industry. This study investigates locational trajectories and underlying factors of software firms from 1990 to 2011 in Shanghai to detect intraurban location trajectories and spatial dynamics. We find that location of the software industry has changed from a monocentric pattern concentrated in the central city area toward a polycentric pattern with a relative decline of the core area. Using a conditional logit model, the study has found that government policies, accessibility, environmental conditions, agglomeration economies, and site characteristics are important determinants of location choice for software firms. In addition, the firm-level survey and in-depth interviews in Pudong Software Park show that government policy and planning, especially rent and tax incentives, have played a vital role in attracting software firms to locate in development zones. 相似文献
2.
This article studies location decisions and network configurations of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province, located in the northwest of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). Built on the perspective that China's economic transition can be conceptualized as a triple process of globalization, marketization, and decentralization, this article outlines four structural changes of the Chinese economy that are underlying the location and networks of FDI: decentralization and the empowerment of local states, marketization and the increasing importance of places, globalization and the emergence of globalizing city regions, and urban spatial restructuring. The study has uncovered substantial intraurban differences within Nanjing and the significance of the Chinese state, location within the YRD, and intraurban context in the location decisions for FDI. We have also found that foreign ventures overwhelmingly serve as production facilities for either the Chinese or world markets, and maintain close production relations with other foreign firms in the YRD. Finally, regression models have identified the significance of national-level development zones, access to ports, and industrial land in the location of foreign ventures. 相似文献
3.
2006 年以来,房地产业成为流入中国的外商直接投资集中的主要行业之一。对这一时期中国35 个重点城市的房地产外资区位进行分析,发现房地产外资集中的地区仍分布在北京、上海、广州等特大型城市,但同时表现出向长江沿岸地区及东北地区的核心城市等内陆地区转移的趋势。面板Tobit 模型的计量结果表明,内资企业的竞争是导致房地产外资区位变化的重要因素。内资企业的竞争优势迫使房地产外资放弃利润率最高的最优区位,转而寻求利润率较低、而市场需求较大的次优区位。各重点城市间土地市场化程度差异的迅速缩小使得房地产外资能够自由选择区位,为房地产外资的这一空间转移策略提供了制度保障。 相似文献
4.
Economic Transition,Firm Dynamics,and Restructuring of Manufacturing Spaces in Urban China: Empirical Evidence from Nanjing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Industrial space is widely considered a fundamental component of urban structure and has been significantly affected by the transitional process in China since the late 1970s. This study investigates the restructuring trajectories and underlying factors of manufacturing firms in Nanjing to detect intraurban dynamical trajectories and spatial patterns. The result implies that Nanjing has witnessed significant suburbanization of manufacturing with the successive exit of old firms and gradual emerging of specialized areas in the peripheral suburbs. In particular, development zones (DZs) have become major bases of new or relocated firms and consequently changed the spatial pattern from a monocentric one toward a polycentric point-axis pattern. Employing binary logistic regression and spatial lag/error models, this study has found that the triple process of marketization, globalization, and decentralization, coupled with the new-type urbanization, has significant influences on the restructuring of urban spaces in China through the price mechanism, production networks, policy reforms, and environmental changes. In addition, the fieldwork survey and semistructured interviews in the old city center show that although the market has played an increasingly important role in driving old firms to migrate from the city center and attracting new firms to concentrate in those planned areas in the suburbs, preferential policies and advanced facilities constructed by local governments are still the main reason why firms concentrated in various DZs. 相似文献
5.
《Urban geography》2013,34(5):386-409
Among agents that reflect and shape urban space, prominent property developers are powerful players. This paper examines the spatial practices of Canada's largest office development firms. These firms constantly explore new frontiers for investment, but at the same time well-established nodes are rigorously maintained and protected. Larger urban areas are preferred locations for investment; yet among them only a few cities attract the vast majority of investment. Once an investment channel is initiated and a threshold is reached, existing assets act as magnets, attracting more investment and strengthening the allure of particular places. Within a particular place (a city or a metropolitan area) the mix of properties held by a firm is likely to change over time. Core properties are considered strategic assets and therefore are retained as long-standing investments; peripheral assets have to meet corporate requirements and are thus subject to trade and replacement. Findings confirm the key position of Toronto within the Canadian urban system but also indicate that the scale of property investment does not fully correlate with urban hierarchy. On the intraurban scale, the framework of core-periphery properties helps to explain the spatial patterns of office development and the primary role of traditional nodes. 相似文献
6.
Although it has been suggested that structural adjustment policies have slowed Third World urban growth and have stimulated a spatial deconcentration of economic activity, this paper argues that African cities continue to grow and mainly through peri-urban development. This investment comes mainly from domestic sources and migrants' remittances, and tends to be in consumption rather than production. Reasons include cultural factors, lack of confidence in the national economy and in the state's long-term economic objectives, an increasing demand for housing, improvements in intraurban transport, and a desire to spread investment risk among a range of alternatives including housing. 相似文献
7.
Production and R&D networks of foreign ventures in China: Implications for technological dynamism and regional development 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper analyzes the nature of FDI local networks in production and R&D activities in China and discusses their implications for technological dynamism and regional development. We investigate foreign ventures (or foreign-invested enterprises, FIEs) in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry, based on a large-scale survey of ICT firms conducted in three mega-city regions of China: Beijing, Shanghai-Suzhou, and Shenzhen-Dongguan. Our data show that FIEs in China are gradually localizing their production, but the extent of local embeddedness is contingent upon home country effects, local specific contexts and FDI-host region relationships. We have also found significant influence of industrial agglomeration on FDI location and network decisions. Beijing tends to have broader FDI sources and better integrated global-local networks, while in those regions dominated by FDI such as Suzhou and Dongguan, FIEs are thinly embedded with local economies and tend to establish global-local networks among themselves; local embeddedness is limited by a series of technological, institutional, spatial, and structural mismatches. Shanghai and Shenzhen are in between. More efforts are still needed to better integrate FDI with local economies and strengthen China’s local innovative capacities. 相似文献
8.
9.
The Pearl River Delta region in south China has experienced dramatic economic development, industrialization and urbanization since the late 1970s. Foreign investment, especially the capital from Hong Kong, has been one of the major driving forces underlying the process. The spatial concentration/diffusion of foreign investment in a region also has important bearing on the balanced/unbalanced urban and regional development. This issue remains unexamined and critical analysis is needed to unveil the spatial impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) activities in China. This paper will focus on the Pearl River Delta region to examine the spatial diffusion and the determinants of foreign investment. The diffusion of foreign investment from the provincial capital, Guangzhou and two special economic zones near Hong Kong to surrounding areas is clearly identified. The diffusion is the result of the widespread implementation of open-door policy in the region and significant improvement in infrastructure. Four models of foreign investment are developed to explain the spatial incidence of foreign investment in the region. The findings of this paper can shed light on the regional development process in China and other developing countries under the influence of foreign capital. 相似文献
10.
开发区与我国城市空间结构演进及其动力机制 总被引：41，自引：1，他引：40
开发区是近20年来我国经济发展的重要空间载体。经济活动在开发区的集聚,对所在地区的空间结构产生了深刻的影响。结合对开发区的实地调研,提出我国开发区与城市空间结构演进的基本类型可分为双核结构、连片带状结构、多极触角结构等。并指出开发区与城市空间结构的演进主要是由跨国公司主导的外部作用力、城市与乡村的扩散力和开发区的集聚力共同作用的结果。 相似文献
11.
区位通达性与在京外资企业的区位选择 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
利用北京市第二次基本单位普查资料,以邮政编码区为空间单元,采用泊松回归模型探讨了在京外资企业的城市内区位选择及其影响因素。研究涵盖了2001年全部的在京外资企业,模型估计中有效样本240个。外资企业具有显著的向中心城区集聚的分布态势,相对于制造业而言,服务业外资企业更为集中。分析结果表明,区位的通达性和城市结构对在京外资企业区位选择具有显著的影响。接近高速公路、高等院校、外国使馆以及工业园区等对外资企业具有显著吸引作用,离城市中心、火车站和机场距离过远则不利于吸引各类外资企业。研究也发现,制造业外资企业和服务业外资企业以及投资来源地不同的外资企业,在进行城市内部区位选择时存在显著的差异。 相似文献
12.
德国在华知识密集制造业投资进入方式的时空特征及区位影响因素 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
外资知识密集型制造业进入中国市场,对中国制造业升级转型起着一定的作用。本文围绕区域制度环境和区域吸收能力,探讨影响知识密集型企业进入方式的区域环境,旨在揭示知识密集型产业的外商进入方式的地理驱动机制,有利于加深理解在经济发展方式转型的时代背景下,区域与城市获得外生技术发展动力的机制。采用从1982-2014年德国在华投资企业数据库,结果发现,德国知识密集型制造企业在中国的投资呈现由沿海地区向内陆地区扩张、沿海中心城市向周边城市扩散的时空趋势,并且在1995年后,其进入方式从合资为主向独资为主转变。逻辑计量模型显示,德国知识密集型制造企业的进入方式受到多项区位因子的影响,其中地方人力资源水平和产业专业化水平是知识密集型制造企业选择以合资方式的进入中国市场的重要区位因素,表明区域知识吸收能力是形成全球—地方战略协同的关键变量;另一方面,实际使用外资存量和地方专利授权量这两个区位影响因素则会显著促成知识密集型制造企业采用独资的进入决策,反映了区域制度环境对吸引以知识产权保护为战略核心的知识密集型制造业的作用。 相似文献
13.
地方集群网络、信息溢出效应与中国ICT产品出口地理网络扩张 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究中国ICT产品的出口贸易扩张有助于理解“全球-地方”互动视角下国际贸易与国内产业地理的相互作用。本文构建地方集群网络和信息溢出效应促进产品出口扩张的机制分析框架,利用2000—2016年中国海关库数据,探究中国ICT产品出口地理网络扩张机制。研究发现： ①中国ICT产品出口源地从沿海地区向内陆地区扩张,出口目的地扩张重点在不同时间段存在差异。②中东部省份出口到东亚和北美、西部省份出口到北美和西欧的贸易扩张较为显著。③面板Probit模型分析表明,地方集群网络和信息溢出效应能够增加出口源地-目的地层面ICT产品出口额,提升出口专业化程度。 相似文献
14.
中国企业本土并购双方的地理格局及其空间关联研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
借鉴已有理论与实证研究成果,综合运用GIS空间分析与计量模型等方法,重点分析省区空间尺度上中国本土并购双方企业的地理格局,从企业地域“根植性”视角探讨并购双方区位选择与空间关联的影响因素。研究结果表明：① 买方和标的企业在空间上呈现共同集聚特征,总体形成了与中国沿江沿海“T”形区域发展格局、“核心-边缘”城镇等级体系相似的地理格局;② 并购双方企业主要集聚于经济发达区域,虽然2010年代以来中西部省区企业参与并购投资事件有所增长,但省区间差异逐渐固化,北京、长三角、珠三角等大都市地区更多以买方角色主导企业跨区域并购,而中西部及资源型区域企业则多以并购标的角色为主;③ 企业并购投资行为根植于地方经济社会和制度环境,买方和标的企业的区位选择机制较为相似,并购双方更偏好集聚于证劵和金融市场繁荣、区域创新系统完善、经济和产业基础雄厚的区域。 相似文献
15.
旨在研究企业所在地的地区禀赋差异如何通过外资企业集聚影响本土企业国有占股比例的调整。因变量为企业国有占股比例,关键自变量为通过地区自然及人文禀赋差异作为工具变量代理的外资企业集聚程度,以及企业所在的地理区位特征,包括交通和经济区位。基于世界银行工业调查数据库企业调查数据并运用IV-Tobit估计方法,研究发现:① 较高的外资企业集聚程度将降低同行业内本土企业国有股份占股比例;② 主要矿产资源越丰富的地区,外资企业集聚程度相对较低,而人文科技教育越发达的地区,外资企业集聚程度越高;③ 传统的沿海沿江及经济特区等区位特点对企业所有制结构的影响逐渐减弱,而当地交通货运发达程度对混合所有制经济发展的作用正日益显现。最后,在此基础上提出关于发展混合所有制经济的政策建议。 相似文献
16.
文章对世界500强跨国公司在苏州投资的空间结构进行了比较分析,并对跨国公司在苏州投资的区域影响进行了研究,总结出跨国公司在苏州投资的空间结构特征及其对苏州区域的影响和作用。 相似文献
17.
区域新兴产业的发展是经济地理学的关注重点。尤其在全球气候变化和能源危机背景下,新能源产业的发展和区位特征备受关注。本文选取风电设备制造这一战略性新兴产业作为研究对象,根据2005-2012年《中国风电装机容量统计》整理了中国风电设备制造企业数据库,发现中国的内资风电设备制造企业大多由相关装备制造业企业投资设立,并位于投资企业所在城市;外资风电设备制造企业倾向于布局在装备制造业基础雄厚的城市。风电设备制造业企业的空间扩展即子公司主要集中在三北(东北、华北和西北)和东部沿海等风力资源丰富和风电场重点建设的地区。在实证部分,利用零膨胀负二项模型探讨中国风电设备企业及其子公司区位选择的影响因素,结果表明：①风力资源禀赋主要影响风电设备企业子公司的区位选择,风力资源丰富的地区城市风电设备企业子公司个数较多;②产业基础主要影响风电设备企业母公司区位选择;③地方政府支持主要影响风电设备企业子公司的区位选择;④风力资源禀赋、产业基础和地方政府支持同时作用时,产业基础是最重要的影响因素。研究结果对风电设备企业的区位选择和地方政府有针对性的产业政策制定有指导意义。 相似文献
18.
在中国全面对外开放和可持续发展的背景下,本文从微观尺度探究了外资企业集聚的环境溢出效应。利用1999—2012年中国工业企业污染数据库和中国工业企业数据库,本文对比了外资和内资企业二氧化硫和化学需氧量排放强度的时空差异和演变过程,并建立计量模型探究外资企业的环境溢出效应及其作用途径。研究发现：① 在研究时段内,中国工业企业的二氧化硫和化学需氧量排放总量呈现逐渐下降的趋势,该现象来源于内资企业排放总量的下降,而外资企业的排放总量未发生明显变化。② 内资企业的二氧化硫和化学需氧量排放强度迅速下降,并逐渐接近外资企业的排放强度。中国内资企业二氧化硫和化学需氧量排放强度较低的区域主要分布在沿海经济发达的地区,而内陆地区的排放强度下降幅度较大。③ 实证结果表明,无论是产业内还是产业间,外资企业的地理集聚均能够显著降低内资企业的污染排放强度,但是产业内溢出的作用比产业间的溢出更显著。外资企业的环境溢出效应可以通过三条途径作用于内资企业,分别是劳动力流动、竞争效应和本地生产网络的嵌入。在本地生产网络的嵌入方面,后向效应能够产生环境溢出效应,而前向效应并不显著。从异质性分析来看,相对于高效率的企业,低效率的企业仅能够从劳动力流动或本地生产网络嵌入中获取环境溢出的外部性。 相似文献
19.
基于地理探测器的国家级经济技术开发区经济增长率空间分异及影响因素 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
建设国家级经济技术开发区（经开区）是中国扩大对外开放和促进区域发展的重要政策。历经30年多发展,国家级经开区已遍布全国,其个体间的发展差异也由于不同的动力机制而日趋显著。认识和探讨国家级经开区经济增长率的空间分异及其核心影响因素,对因地制宜制定发展策略、引导开发区高效发展具有重要意义。运用变异系数和地理探测器方法,分析2010年国家级经开区经济增长率的空间分异,并探测了其核心影响因素。结果表明：① 总体上,国家级经开区经济增长率在东中西三大区差异显著,呈现出高低高的U型格局;② 个体上,国家级经开区经济增长率在三大区内部存在不同分异特征,其中西部分异度最大、东部次之、中部最小;③ 探测因子决定力显示,主导三大地区国家级经开区经济增长率的核心要素明显不同;在所选出的5大核心影响因素中,中西东三大区呈现出由开发区内在因子主导向城市和区域性外在因子主导的转变趋势;④ 国家级经开区经济增长率及核心影响因素在三大区间的分异特征,一定程度上反映了开发区生命周期阶段性的演变规律。由此建议：近期内,中西部国家级经开区仍应聚焦于改进其自身发展要素;而从长远看,城市性和区域性的外部因子对经开区的影响将变得日益重要,亦即是经开区的未来发展将越来越依赖于与其所在城市和区域的有效融合。 相似文献
20.
跨国公司在开发区的投资模式及区域影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
跨国公司主导的全球化力量是影响地区发展的重要因素。本研究以跨国公司在我国开发区的投资为例,分析了跨国公司全球生产体系与地方生产体系链接的过程与方式。文中将其概括为滚动式、结盟式、跟随式等三种模式。不同的投资模式对地区经济发展的影响程度不同。总体而言,跨国公司通过在中国开发区的投资强化了其全球生产网络,但与地方生产体系的联系有待于强化。这要求地方在推动开发区发展的同时,要积极发展自己富有活力的生产体系,在更高层次上实现与跨国公司网络的对接。 相似文献