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该文介绍了基于MapXtremeforNT的WebGIS应用专题系统———大庆供水管网信息系统的设计与实现 ,阐述该系统的体系结构、功能设计 ,并对MapXtreme的实现机理进行分析 ,同时研究客户端和服务器端通讯技术及智能关阀等功能的实现方法。 相似文献
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基于MapXtreme的大庆供水管网系统的设计与实现 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
该文介绍了基于MapXtreme forNT的WebGIS应用专题系统-大庆供水管网信息系统的设计与实现，阐述该系统的体系结构，功能设计，并对MapXtreme的实现机理进行分析，同时研究客户端和服务器端通讯技术及智能关阀等功能的实现方法。 相似文献
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WebGIS是当前GIS研究的一个热点课题 ,该文首先论述了实现WebGIS的结构体系 ,进而分析了WebGIS的基本体系构成———两层结构和三层结构 ,在此基础上对基于Java平台的WebGIS体系结构进行了设计 ,实践表明 ,该结构可以实现GIS的远程服务功能 ,基于Java的WebGIS可以加快对用户请求的响应速度 ,并且客户端成为强大的智能型 ,降低了服务器的处理负载 ,具有使负载均衡的特点。 相似文献
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从Google Maps看我国全球化地理信息服务面临的挑战和对策 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
以Google Maps为代表的地图服务的推出预示着全球化地理信息服务的开始。IT领域竞争市场的形成、高分辨率卫星影像的应用及Web地理信息服务开发平台的实现是全球化地理信息服务的主要趋势。面对全球化地理信息服务发展机遇,我国面临地理数据库建设、地理信息市场社会化与地理信息区域均衡发展的严峻挑战。在分析我国地理信息服务面临挑战的基础上,从数字化建设、地理信息服务市场培育、卫星遥感技术商业化发展3方面提出我国地理信息服务发展的对策与建议。 相似文献
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面向分布式异构数据库的WebGIS连接池服务研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
分布式存储管理的空间数据库将是WebGIS应用的主要数据源，因而WebGIS的高性能实现要求采用先进高效的数据库连接方式。连接池模式是一种数据库连接资源复用的有效策略，但传统的连接池在处理复杂的异构空间数据库的连接方面存在明显的不足。该文提出了对数据库连接池技术优化的动态连接池服务的概念，分析了传统静态连接他的局限性，从动态响应用户请求、即时处理连接分配的角度设计了连接池服务的任务组成，并基于JDBC具体实现了该服务。 相似文献
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基于MapServer的地图信息发布与查询——以洞庭湖湿地为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
地图信息的发布和查询是webGIS最重要的功能之一,地图插件和开发平台的选用以及地图信息的组织,对于满足系统功能要求和提高系统建设效率具有重要作用。经过对现行WebGIS应用情况的分析,进行了系统的设计和数据组织;采用B／S结构,利用．NET技术结合MapServer地图插件进行系统研发和功能实现;开发出洞庭湖区湿地资源信息系统,实现了地图的发布、查询和显示等功能。该系统兼容性好、数据维护方便。利用．NET技术和MapServer平台开发的湿地WebGIS比传统用PHP语言开发的WebGIS执行速度更快,代码的安全性更高,而且其属性库和图形库的分离式设计提高了程序的可扩展性和数据库的稳定性。MapServer湿地信息系统的开发,实现了湿地资源信息的共享,满足了系统设计要求,达到预定目标,为湿地WebGIS开发和应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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基于AutoCAD的Google Earth图像信息提取及应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Google Earth图像以精度高、信息丰富和免费使用等特点,正逐步给人们的工作和生活带来方便。如何将Google Earth图像制作成地图、提取感兴趣的信息,是人们普遍关心的问题。以成都理工大学为例,探讨了利用Google Earth图像,结合AutoCAD强大的图形编辑功能,进行信息提取及应用的过程,主要内容包括:图像获取、图像尺寸校正、图像数字化、图形整饰、信息提取及应用等。针对如何提取Google Earth图像上被阴影遮挡的图形信息,提出了图像量测与地面丈量相结合的解决办法。实践证明,这种方法实现了低成本、高精度和高效益,解决了人们日常用图的需要。最后指出了这种方法的适用领域,并且分析了Google Earth产品的优缺点及应用前景。 相似文献
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基于ArcGIS和Flex技术的污染源普查数据分析平台设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国第一次污染普查数据获取了大量的污染源基础信息,结合GIS技术的分析功能建立应用平台,对普查数据在地理空间上进行考查分析可以直观地揭示污染源的时空状况及规律,提高普查数据的实用价值,为环境保护的监管提供决策支持。在分析了环境保护工作的业务需求,研究了GIS软件技术的基础上,提出了基于SOA软件架构,以ArcGIS Server和Flex技术为开发环境,面向污染普查数据分析应用领域的WebGIS分析平台的系统架构设计和功能实现方法,结果表明,GIS技术在污染源普查数据分析应用方面有一定优势。 相似文献
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基于Web GIS的体系结构研究 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
Web GIS是当前GIS研究的一个热点课题，该文首先论述了实现Web GIS的结构体系，进而分析了WebGIS的基本体系构成－两层结构和三层结构，在此基础上对基于Java平台的Web GIS体系结构进行了设计，实践表明，该结构可以实现GIS的远程服务功能，基于Java的Web GIS可以加快对用户请求的响应速度，并且客户端成为强大的智能型，降低了服务器的处理负载，具有使负载均衡的特点。 相似文献
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Bin Jiang Xintao Liu 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):1069-1082
In this article, we introduce a novel approach to computing the fewest-turn map directions or routes based on the concept of natural roads. Natural roads are joined road segments that perceptually constitute good continuity. This approach relies on the connectivity of natural roads rather than that of road segments for computing routes or map directions. Because of this, the derived routes possess the fewest turns. However, what we intend to achieve are the routes that not only possess the fewest turns but are also as short as possible. This kind of map direction is more effective and favored by people because they bear less cognitive burden. Furthermore, the computation of the routes is more efficient because it is based on the graph encoding the connectivity of roads, which is substantially smaller than the graph of road segments. We experimented on eight urban street networks from North America and Europe to illustrate the above-stated advantages. The experimental results indicate that the fewest-turn routes possess fewer turns and shorter distances than the simplest paths and the routes provided by Google Maps. For example, the fewest-turn-and-shortest routes are on average 15% shorter than the routes suggested by Google Maps, whereas the number of turns is just half as much. This approach is a key technology behind FromToMap.org – a web mapping service using openstreetmap data. 相似文献
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针对当前国内已有空气质量预报系统在数值预报计算模式更新方面存在的弊端,提出基于Ja va RMI的数值预报计算模式的构建方法,该计算模式具有易变性.通过分析两类传统方法在计算模式更新上存在的弊端,指出Java RMI的远端对象调用机制在实现方法上的优越性.阐述基于Java RMI的新方法的实现,展示如何在集成该处理模块的新系统中保证预报内容的准 确性、及时性及其良好的可扩展性. 相似文献
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数字城市集成建设的探讨 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
该文论述了数字城市集成建设的必要性，通过分析数字城市的应用特点，结合城市信息化的现状和趋势，分别就数字城市的网络、应用、数据的集成进行了探讨并提出了相应的集成方案：分析数字城市应用对网络传输的需求，指出网络集成应考虑的原则，依据此原则提出了网络集成的实现方案；将数字城市应用划分为客户端和服务器端，对客户端的用户群进行细化，并针对不同用户分别提出用户端应用方案，对服务器端开发数字城市集成应用平台，实现数字城市的应用集成；分析城市数据的现状，讨论了数据集成应注意的问题。 相似文献
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New sources of data such as ‘big data’ and computational analytics have stimulated innovative pedestrian oriented research. Current studies, however, are still limited and subjective with regard to the use of Google Street View and other online sources for environment audits or pedestrian counts because of the manual information extraction and compilation, especially for large areas. This study aims to provide future research an alternative method to conduct large scale data collection more consistently and objectively on pedestrian counts and possibly for environment audits and stimulate discussion of the use of ‘big data’ and recent computational advances for planning and design. We explore and report information needed to automatically download and assemble Google Street View images, as well as other image parameters for a wide range of analysis and visualization, and explore extracting pedestrian count data based on these images using machine vision and learning technology. The reliability tests results based on pedestrian information collected from over 200 street segments in Buffalo, NY, Washington, D.C., and Boston, MA respectively suggested that the image detection method used in this study are capable of determining the presence of pedestrian with a reasonable level of accuracy. The limitation and potential improvement of the proposed method is also discussed. 相似文献
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Chaowei Yang Corresponding author David W. Wong Ruixin Yang Menas Kafatos Qi Li 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):319-342
WebGIS (also known as web‐based GIS and Internet GIS) denotes a type of Geographic Information System (GIS), whose client is implemented in a Web browser. WebGISs have been developed and used extensively in real‐world applications. However, when such a complex web‐based system involves the dissemination of large volumes of data and/or massive user interactions, its performance can become an issue. In this paper, we first identify several major potential performance problems with WebGIS. Then, we discuss several possible techniques to improve the performance. These techniques include the use of pyramids and hash indices on the server side to handle large images. To resolve server‐side conflicts originating from concurrent massive access and user interactions, we suggest clustering and multithreading techniques. Multithreading is also used to break down the long sequential, layer‐based data access to concurrent data access on the client side. Caching is suggested as a means to enhance concurrent data access for the same datasets on both the server and the client sides. The technique of client‐side dynamic data requests is used to improve data transmission. Compressed binary representation is implemented on both sides to reduce transmission volume. We also compare the performance of a prototype WebGIS with and without these techniques. 相似文献
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《The Journal of geography》2012,111(1):33-44
Abstract A call for combining the strengths of geographic education with environmental education to produce an ‘education for sustainability’ addresses local problems for sustainable development. A place-based approach encourages civic responsibility among students. Using service-learning to extend education beyond the classroom in this case study connected students with local clients in a watershed-based initiative. Theoretical underpinnings of service-learning for geographic education are discussed, and the case study is viewed from instructor, student, and client perspectives to identify successful outcomes and provide suggestions for those who might adopt service-learning for the first time. 相似文献
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基于多源数据的皇甫川淤地坝信息提取 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
淤地坝是黄土高原水土流失防治的主要工程措施之一,明确淤地坝重要参数信息对流域水土保持研究具有重要意义。利用皇甫川流域不同数据来源资料包括地形图（1976年）、TM影像（1990年、2007年）、Google Earth影像（2010年）对其进行预处理获取矢量数据,利用遥感及GIS软件实现淤地坝数目、淤地坝位置、水面面积、控制面积等主要信息的提取并分析其动态变化,采用相关系数、NDAI和DAI进行提取误差评定。结果表明：皇甫川流域淤地坝数目随年代递增而增加,水面面积和控制面积也随之增大,流域西部淤地坝数目明显少于东部。TM数据上提取的淤地坝水面面积与通过Google Earth数据提取的结果相关系数为0.98,实测淤地坝控制面积与TM影像上提取结果相关系数为0.96,NDAI和DAI值平均误差绝对值均<5%。由此得出,基于多源数据淤地坝信息提取技术具有很好的可行性及较高的准确性,本文为淤地坝减水减沙效益及黄河粗泥沙来源研究提供必要的决策支持。 相似文献
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基于DEM的地理要素PRISM空间内插研究 总被引：31，自引：7，他引：24
利用PRISM模型基于DEM、站点数据和其它空间数据图层内插了气象要素,以便准确表达其空间分布特征。为了比较PRISM空间内插结果,采用GIS常用的Kriging内插、Spline内插等方法分别对降水和气温站点数据进行空间插补,并对内插结果进行精度分析、DEM空间分辨率的影响分析和各个权重因子的影响分析。分析表明,PRISM方法比其它内插方法能够更加精确地表达气象要素的空间分布,更适合于在地形复杂地区地表参数的空间内插。由于气象要素空间分布的复杂性,PRISM内插方法不能完全表达地表参数空间异质性。以后研究中,应在更小的站点影响单元内考虑更多因子利用PRISM方法进行气象要素的空间内插。 相似文献
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George C. Bentley Priscilla McCutcheon Robert G. Cromley Dean M. Hanink 《The Professional geographer》2016,68(3):414-426
William Bunge's Fitzgerald: Portrait of a Revolution, initially published in 1971, is an enthralling verbal and visual account of the historical and geographical development of a one-square-mile neighborhood in Detroit. The original analysis of the Fitzgerald neighborhood was based on intensive field-based research conducted in a theoretical context of race and racism. The research reported here maintains that context but updates Fitzgerald's account of the neighborhood's built environment through a spatial analysis that uses parcel-by-parcel data generated in Google Earth and Google Street View instead of data collected in the field. Current spatial patterns of deterioration in the built environment are similar to those described in Fitzgerald, but positive sites are also apparent and often colocated with negative ones. 相似文献
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The volume of properties affected by foreclosure over the past decade suggests the potential for dramatic change in vegetation cover due to changes in management. Yet, the specific pathology of each foreclosure, the temporal asynchrony among foreclosures, and differences in the area available for vegetation growth across properties presents challenges to observing and measuring change. This paper develops and tests a difference in deviations approach that compares the parcel NDVI to a neighborhood norm before and after foreclosure. The difference in deviations approach addresses the challenges of separating parcel-level change corresponding to foreclosure and identifies changes on both small and large parcels. The method relies on a time series of Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, individual home foreclosure records and property tax assessment data for Maricopa County, Arizona from 2002 to 2012. To establish the level of difference associated with observable landscape change, we use a probit regression model, coding Google Earth images for properties across the range of observed deviations of difference. The basic assumption underlying the approach is that if foreclosure coincides with a change in management, it will lead to changes in vegetation structure and thus, NDVI values. We estimate that 13% of home foreclosures in Maricopa County over the period from 2002 to 2012 resulted in declines in vegetation whereas 6.5% resulted in vegetation increases. Future uses of this method for understanding landscape management in residential landscapes are discussed. 相似文献