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1.
复杂下垫面导致近地面大气运动具有特殊的动力学和热力学特征,进而影响物质和能量的交换过程。以科尔沁流动沙丘7月份涡度数据为例,分析由于地形引起的风速、旋转角度β的变化,采用二次旋转法(DR)和平面拟合法(PF)对水热通量、数据质量对比分析,结果表明:(1)地形平缓区(180°~330°)垂直风速0,β在1.677 3°左右;地形陡峭区(330°~180°)垂直风速0,β在-1.648 6°左右。(2)DR法和PF法对潜热通量影响很大,分别增加17%和减小15%,DR法订正前后水热通量相关性均高于PF法。(3)DR法和PF法订正后的数据分别有89.6%和89.3%通过湍流发展的充分性检验;DR法订正前后摩擦风速相关性高于PF法;能量闭合率分别提高了3.47%和2.78%。(4)整个生长季中,6、8月订正后涡度数据质量有较好的提高。因此,DR法更适用于起伏较大的流动沙丘。研究结果充分考虑地形对涡度数据影响,为科尔沁沙地及具有相似地形的地区涡度数据的合理使用提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
涡度通量数据的空间代表性问题是影响其数据质量不确定性的重要原因。选取了我国西北地区具有代表性的四个通量观测站生长季数据,采用FSAM模型对各站点通量贡献源区范围以及通量贡献最大值点进行了计算,给出了在不稳定与稳定两种大气层结条件下各站点源区的主要分布范围(P=80%):盈科站源区范围相对最小(90~200 m);阿柔站源区范围约为(120~140 m);关滩站源区范围约为(500~600 m);敦煌站源区范围约为(140~280 m)。同时结合各站点仪器架设高度以及不同的下垫面生态环境等因素,对通量源区的变化进行了初步分析,仪器的架设高度直接影响涡度源区范围;不同的下垫面生态环境形成不同的近地面湍流状态进而对通量源区的分布产生间接影响。结果表明各站点观测的通量信息基本均来源于所感兴趣的研究区域。  相似文献   

3.
周琪  李平衡  王权  郑超磊  徐璐 《中国沙漠》2014,34(1):98-107
涡度相关仪通量值所代表的通量贡献区范围,对于通量观测塔的选址、仪器安装高度的确定以及通量观测数据的质量控制等具有重要的指导意义。利用通量贡献区模型对位于古尔班通古特沙漠试验场通量观测资料的空间代表性进行初步分析。结果表明:该荒漠区在大气稳定条件下90%的通量贡献区最远可以达到686.40m,通量贡献函数最大点的位置在162.50m;大气稳定时各风向的通量贡献区范围在生长末期均达到最大,生长初期和中期的源区变化因受到各风向风速和植被下垫面的影响而有差异;大气不稳定时不同生长时期各风向通量贡献区没有固定变化规律;通量源区大约有58.71%的信息来自于荒漠区通量观测塔西南至西北方,整个生长季生长末期通量贡献最多,所占比例为40.16%。由FSAM模型测得的通量贡献区范围可以较准确地反映荒漠生态系统下垫面的通量信息。  相似文献   

4.
塔克拉玛干沙漠近地层湍流热通量计算方法比较研究   总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3  
 利用2007年8月3日至10月31日在塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站取得的大气边界层观测资料,比较了涡动相关法、波文比法和空气动力学法计算得到的湍流热通量,分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地能量平衡各分量的日变化特征。结果表明:波文比法、空气动力学和涡动相关法计算得到的塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地湍流热通量日变化特征是一致的,整个观测期间,空气动力学方法和波文比法计算得出的湍流通量大于涡动相关法。它们的顺序分别为,波文比法计算得出的湍流热通量最大,空气动力学方法次之,涡动相关法最小;塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地能量平衡各分量基本上以12:00时为中心,呈对称分布。净辐射、土壤热通量、感热通量具有非常明显的日变化特征。净辐射日最高值324 W·m-2出现在当地时间11:30,最小值-85 W·m-2出现在当地时间18:30;土壤热通量在12:00左右达到日最高值143 W·m-2,而20:00时出现最小值-69 W·m-2;感热通量在13:30时左右达到最高值178 W·m-2,19:00时左右出现最小值-7 W·m-2;相对于上述3个能量平衡分量,潜热通量的日变化特征不太明显。每日12:30左右出现潜热通量的最大值43 W·m-2,06:00时出现日最低值-1 W·m-2。  相似文献   

5.
全球碳通量东滩野外观测站的建立   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
湿地作为地球上一种重要的生态系统类型,其碳循环过程与特征在全球陆地生态系统碳循环研究中具有相当重要的地位。崇明东滩湿地位于长江入海口,是陆地、海洋和淡水三大生态系统的交汇区,是具有国际重要意义的生态区,目前正遭受外来互花米草入侵和人类干扰的双重影响。2004年7月,复旦大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室在崇明东滩建立了“全球碳通量东滩野外观测站”,这个野外观测站主要包括3座涡度通量塔和两条长期监测样带,并通过借助涡度协方差技术精确地测定生态系统能量、CO2和水汽通量,同时结合遥感、水文地质学和地面生物物理学调查,研究河口/海滨湿地生态系统结构、生物物理学过程及其他因子对二氧化碳通量的影响。本文的目的是介绍在东滩建站的根据、采用的技术以及将要开展的研究工作。  相似文献   

6.
在高动态水位影响下,鄱阳湖区的水面积范围、形态和分布发生着显著的年际变化。受水位变化的影响,鄱阳湖周边湿地植物种群与景观变化十分明显。周期性水位变化和植物变化直接影响湿地生态系统的CO_2的吸收与释放。鄱阳湖及其周边湿地作为特殊的吞吐性湖泊生态系统,对其地球化学过程基本规律的探索,是研究全球变化及其区域响应的重要基础性工作。鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室在南矶湿地国家级自然保护区建设了野外综合实验站。该站位于鄱阳湖主湖区南部,是赣江前缘三角洲与鄱阳湖之间的水陆过渡地带,是鄱阳湖湿地的典型代表。利用该实验站GHG-Biomet LI-COR涡度相关能量平衡系统2015年4~8月获取的CO_2通量监测数据,分析通量观测信号的扰动特征。研究结果表明,1观测期间,7月9~15日CO_2通量的信号强度最好,8月9~31日信号强度最差,信号强度日变化中,较好的时段为0︰00~4︰00(凌晨时段),较差的时间段主要是4︰00~8︰00(日出时段)与19︰00~22︰00(日落时段);2CO_2通量的信号强度受到环境水热要素的综合影响,但与气温、降水量不直接相关,水热要素影响风速、露点温度和空气中水汽含量,扰动CO_2通量信号强度的稳定性,在风速强、空气中水分含量高、光合有效辐射低的情况下,CO_2通量的信号强度低,不利于涡度相关技术监测生态系统的CO_2通量;3利用涡度相关技术监测高动态水位变化条件下湿地生态系统的CO_2通量,密集的日常数据检查和仪器维护十分必要,确保监测数据质量。  相似文献   

7.
MODIS水汽通量估算方法在华北平原农田的适应性验证   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
利用遥感手段估算区域水汽通量对研究区域气候变化及生态系统功能评价颇具意义。但是由于估算模式涉及时空差异很大的地表特征参数很难完全通过遥感数据获得,因此MODIS水汽通量数据产品(MOD16) 至今尚未问世。本研究以中科院禹城综合实验站2002年4~5月份冬小麦田的涡度相关实测水汽通量为标准,验证MOD16算法所估算的农田水汽通量,结果表明直接使用MOD16算法计算的麦田水汽通量比实测水汽通量平均偏大近20%。对其中的作物三基点温度、空气动力学阻抗计算方法和植被覆盖度进行修正,修正后的MOD16计算结果和实测值非常吻合,1:1曲线斜率为0.9706,相关系数R2为0.8845。这为利用MODIS数据大面积估算农田水汽通量提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

8.
近百年海螺沟冰川退缩区域土壤CO2排放规律   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
罗辑  李伟  廖晓勇  何祖慰 《山地学报》2004,22(4):421-427
贡嘎山东坡海螺沟冰川退缩地植被原生演替系列的样地调查基础上,用光合作用测定仪(美国产CI-301PS)的闭路方法测定土壤呼吸,并测定相关的生态因子。对植被原生演替过程中草本群落,川滇柳,冬瓜杨小树林,冬瓜杨中龄林,冬瓜杨成熟林,针阔混交林,云冷杉中龄林和云冷杉成熟林7个阶段的土壤呼吸速率进行连续3a的测定,它们的土壤CO2排放通量分别是51 67、39 70、56 45、58 89、85 22、120 26和158 65kgCO2/hm2·d-1。建立了7个阶段的土壤呼吸速率与温度的相关关系,认为未来大气温度升高将对同一气候区内的草地土壤呼吸影响最大,对演替过程中的落叶阔叶林土壤呼吸影响次之,对云冷杉林土壤呼吸影响最小。样地的形成年龄、生物量和净初级生产力这些与演替进程植物群落新陈代谢水平呈正相关的因素,才是决定样地土壤呼吸速率的主要因素,也是各样地之间土壤呼吸速率存在差异的主要原因。并将植被原生演替序列土壤CO2排放通量与国内外测定不同类型土壤呼吸速率的结果进行比较,认为Raich等人对温带针叶林土壤排放CO2通量的估测值偏低,对全球不同生态系统类型土壤排放CO2通量的差异估测不足。  相似文献   

9.
极端干旱区在全球生态系统中具有重要的地位而越来越被人们所重视.涡度相关技术是研究极端干旱区生态系统水热和CO2交换的有力工具之一.而涡度相关数据在实际应用中需要根据研究区的实际情况选择适宜于该地区的采样和计算参数(如采样频率和平均时间等).根据2011年9月22日~10月8日(17个白天)原始数据(采样频率为10 Hz),采用不同平均时间(1~120 min)对塔河下游柽柳河岸林生态系统的潜热通量(LE)、感热通量(H)和CO2通量(Fc)进行了重新计算,比较分析各通量不同平均时间的计算值与30 min通量值,以揭示平均时间对该地区通量计算结果的影响.结果发现:(1)平均时间在120 min以内,17个白天湍流通量及能量平衡比率(EBR)均值随平均时间的延长而增大,当平均时间>120 min后,湍流通量(及EBR)均值随平均时间的延长大幅减小,其中15~60 min的EBR增幅较小,仅在2%左右.(2)平均时间>60 min后,LE、H和Fc各通量计算值发生了不同程度的变异.通过进一步对上午EBR较为接近的5个样本日进行对比分析,发现当平均时间取15~60min之间时,样本日的上午EBR值变化趋势一致,样本日间EBR差异较小;而当平均时间取>60 min或<15 min时,样本日间EBR差异明显增大.结合Ogive函数计算分析,我们的结论是,对于通量的长期观测研究而言,该地区适宜平均时间为60 min;而对通量的日变化研究而言,该地区适宜平均时间为15 min.通过分析15、30和60 min平均时间对小时通量的影响,发现当通量为增加趋势时,平均时间延长能够进一步增大通量绝对值,而当通量为减小趋势时,平均时间延长能够进一步减小通量绝对值.  相似文献   

10.
基于微气象学理论的涡度相关通量观测技术实现了对生态系统尺度的生产力、能量平衡和温室气体交换等功能和过程的直接测定,特别是全球尺度通量塔观测网络的联合观测是实现从生态现象观察和生态要素观测跨越到全球尺度生态系统功能状态变化观测的重大突破。本文回顾了中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究网络(ChinaFLUX)的创建及发展历程,系统介绍了ChinaFLUX的科学目标和设计理念、观测技术体系、观测数据的标准化处理及长期积累;综合评述了ChinaFLUX在陆地生态系统碳—氮—水的收支评估和交换过程的环境响应、碳通量时空格局及其形成机制等方面所取得的主要研究进展。最后,在探讨未来全球尺度通量塔观测网络发展趋势的基础上,提出了ChinaFLUX的主要发展方向、关键科学问题与未来工作重点,为中国通量观测研究事业的进一步发展提供理论参考。  相似文献   

11.
Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)  相似文献   

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BOOK REVIEWS     
Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.  相似文献   

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《寒旱区科学》2014,(4):I0002-I0003
1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions (SCAR) is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,  相似文献   

16.
BOOK REVIEWS     
Books reviewed in this article: Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing. Terrain Analysis and Remote Sensing . JOHN R. G. TOWNSHEND , ed. Environmental Data Use in Computer-assisted Data Handling Systems: The Results of a Survey of Applications in the Pacific Northwest States . KENNETH E. GORDON . Applied Land Use: A Spatial Approach . JOHN F. LOUNSBURY , LAWRENCE M. SOMMERS , AND EDWARD A. FERNALD , eds. The Second Battle of New Orleans: A History of the Vieux Carre Riverfront-Expressway Controversy . RICHARD O. BAUMBACH , JR. AND WILLIAM E. BORAH . Cultural Environmental Archaeology . MYRA SHACKLEY . The Immoral landscape: Female Prostitution in Western Societies . RICHARD SYMANSKI . life Among the Poor in Cairo . UNNI WIKAN , translated by Ann Henning. Women, Work and Property in Northwest India . URSULA SHARMA . The Domestication of Women: Discrimination in Developing Societies . BARBARA ROGERS Economic Optimization in Locational and Transport Analysis . A. G. WILSON , J. D. COELHO , S. M. MACGILL , H. C. W. L. WILLIAMS . New Tools for Economic Development: The Enterprise Zone, Development Bank, and RFC . GEORGE STERNLIEB AND DAVID LISTOKIN , eds. Regional Wage Inflation . R. L. MARTIN , ed. Finding A Place For Energy-Siting Coal Conversion Facilities . FRANK J. CALZONETTI WITH MARK S. ECKERT . Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Environmentalism. Second Edition . T. O'RIORDAN . Countryside Conservation . BRYN GREEN . Medical Spatial Diffusion: An Historical Geography of Epidemics in an Island Community . A. D. CLIFF , P. HAGGETT , J. K. ORD , AND G. R. VERSEY . Philosophy and Geographic Thought Order and Skepticism: Human Geography and the Dialectic of Science . RICHARD SZYMANSKI AND JOHN A. AGNEW . Measurement of Subjective Phenomena . D. F. JOHNSTON , ed. Conceptions of Space in Social Thought: A Geographic Perspective . ROBERT DAVID SACK . The Association of American Geographers: The First Seventy-five Years: 1904-1979 . PRESTON E. JAMES AND GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . The Life and Thought of Isaiah Bowman . GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . Physical River Basin Planning: Theory and Practice . SURANJIT K. SAHA AND CHRISTOPHER J. BARROW , eds. Soils and landforms: An Integration of Ceomorphology and Pedology . A. I. GERRARD Climatic Change and Society. Consequences of Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide . WILLIAM W. KELLOGG AND ROBERT SCHWARE . Political Political Redistrictings and Geographic Theory . RICHARD L. MORRILL . Population Studies in Spanish American Population History: Dell Plain Latin American Studies NO. 8 . DAVID J. ROBINSON , ed. Population Redistribution in the Midwest . CURTIS C. ROSEMAN , ANDREW J. SOFRANKO , AND JAMES D. WILLIAMS , eds. Geographical Perspectives on the Elderly . A. M. WARNES , ed. Regional Perspective On the American South . MERLE BLACK AND JOHN SHELTON REED , eds. The Prairies and Plains: Prospects for the 80s . JOHN R. ROGGE , ed. Rural Rural Settlement in an Urban World . MICHAEL BUNCE . Social Accident at Three Mile Island: The Human Dimensions . DAVID L. SILLS , C. P. WOLF , AND VIVIEN B. SHELANSKI , eds. The American Small Town: Twentieth-Century Place Images . JOHN JAKLE . Urban A House of My Own . SUSAN LOBO . The City: Patterns and Processes in the Urban Ecosystem . CHRISTOPHER H. EXLINE , GARY L. PETERS , AND ROBERT P. LARKIN . Movement in Cities . P. W. DANIELS AND A. M. WARNES . Urbanization and Urban Planning in Capitalist Society . MICHAEL DEAR AND ALLEN J. SCOT , eds.  相似文献   

17.
BOOK REVIEWS     
Book Reviewed in this article: Marine Resources of Kuwait: Their Role in the Development of Non-oil Resources . Fatimah H. Y. al -Abdul -Razzak Recollections of a Revolution: Geography as Spatial Science . Mark Billinge , Derek Gregory and Ron Martin Entre l'Eden et l'Utopie . Luc Bureau Developments in Political Geography . M. A. Busteed The Elements of Graphing Data . William S. Cleveland Rural Resource Management . Paul J. Cloke and Chris C. Park Third World Atlas . Ben Crow and Alan Thomas Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation: A Geographic Perspective on Natural Resource Use . Susan L. Cutter , Hilary Lambert Renwick, and William H. Renwick . Wine Regions of the Southern Hemisphere . Harm Jan de Blij Regional Development: Problems and Policies in Eastern and Western Europe . George Demko The Geographer at Work . Peter R. Gould Change in the Amazon Basin . John Hemming Geography Since the Second World War . R. J. Johnston and P. Claval Urbanization in China: Town and Countryside in a Developing Economy 1949–2000 A.D. , R. J. R. Kirkby Transport and Communications for Pacific Microstates: Issues in Organisation and Management . Christopher C. Kissling Fluvial Forms and Processes . David Knighton The Urban Millennium . Josef W. Konvitz Technological Transition in Cartography . Mark Stephen Monmonier Field Guide to Soils and the Environment: Applications of Soil Surveys . Gerald W. Olson Northern Australia: The Arenas of Life and Ecosystems on Half a Continent . Don Parkes A Killing Rain: The Global Threat of Acid Rain . Thomas Pawlick From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850–1931 . Donald J. Pisani Hybrid Maize Diffusion in Kenya . Franz -Michael Rundquist Warning and Response to the Mount St. Helens Eruption . Thomas F. Saarinen and James L. Sell Coastal Geomorphology in Australia . B. G. Thom Tropical Rain Forests of the Far East , 2nd ed . T. C. Whitmore The Dark Side of the Earth . Robert Muir Wood Categorical Data Analysis for Geographers and Environmental Scientists , Neil Wrigley  相似文献   

18.
BOOK REVIEWS     
Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.  相似文献   

19.

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)  相似文献   

20.
BOOK REVIEWS     
Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .  相似文献   

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