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1.
Pollen records from the Chinese Loess Plateau revealed a detailed history of vegetation variation and associated climate changes during the last 13.0 ka BP.Before 12.1 ka BP,steppe or desert-steppe vegetation dominated landscape then was replaced by a coniferous forest under a generally wet climate(12.1-11.0 ka BP).The vegetation was deteriorated into steppe landscape and further into a desert-steppe landscape between 11.0 and 9.8 ka BP.After a brief episode of a cool and wet climate(9.8-9.6 ka BP),a relati...  相似文献   

2.
13 ka BP 以来黄土高原西部的植被与环境演化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过对黄土高原西部三个剖面的孢粉记录分析, 重建了该区13 ka BP 以来详细的植被 与气候演化序列。结果表明, 12.1 ka BP 以前, 研究区植被以干草原为主, 气候寒冷干燥。 12.1~9.8 ka BP 植被变化显著。期间出现两次显著的湿润期, 分别为12.1~11.4 ka BP、 11.2~11.0 ka BP, 可与博令暖期和阿勒罗得暖期对比; 两次持续时间和强度明显不同的干旱 期出现在11.4~11.2 ka BP 和11.0~9.8 ka BP, 可分别与中仙女木事件和新仙女木事件对比。 经过短暂的快速变湿后, 9.6~7.6 ka BP 研究区植被以疏林草原为主, 气候波动频繁但总体温 和偏干。7.6~4.0 ka BP 森林和森林草原植被出现, 气候温暖湿润。其中6.6~5.8 ka BP 温带落 叶阔叶林发育, 为研究区全新世最适宜期。自4.0 ka BP 以来研究区草原和荒漠草原交替出 现, 气候在总体干冷的环境下存在次一级的干湿波动。  相似文献   

3.
通过对黄河源地区鄂陵湖地层剖面的研究,综合分析同一地区不同植被带孢粉代用指标,获得了晚全新世以来鄂陵湖流域植被及气候演变记录。1)1.90~1.60 ka BP,植被类型以高寒草原为主,区域气候干旱寒冷;2)1.60~0.80 ka BP,为高寒草甸景观,孢粉组合反映出次生植被具有垂直地带性,湖滨地区次生植被为十字花科及紫菀属,而阴坡和山顶区则为紫菀属及蒲公英属,干旱程度有所缓解;3)0.80 ka BP~,整体景观为莎草、十字花科、蒿属为主的高寒草甸景观,气候转向暖湿,但整体仍较为干旱。其中,0.66~0.84 ka BP出现一次湿润时期,植被丰富。  相似文献   

4.
选用甘青地区达连海、青海湖、苏家湾、大地湾4个典型高分辨率的钻孔资料进行对比分析,阐明了该地区末次冰消期以来气候变化规律与主要气候事件,初步探讨了该地区植被纬向时空演化规律。结果显示末次冰消期大致开始于15.2~14.6 ka BP之间,冰消期期间该地区气候表现为冷暖波动频繁,气候不稳定,植被类型由东向西为草原-荒漠化草原。全新世早期阶段10.4~8.2 ka BP气候表现为温干,植被类型由东向西为疏林草原-草原。全新世中期8.2~4.3 ka BP气候温暖湿润,植被发育良好,由东向西出现森林-森林草原植被。4.3 ka BP以后该地区气候总体向凉干方向发展,3.9~3.4 ka BP期间陇中地区气候波动较显著,植被类型草原-森林草原交替出现。晚全新世后期2.3~0 ka BP气候冷干,从东到西发育草原-荒漠化草原植被。  相似文献   

5.
共和盆地末次冰消期以来的植被和环境演变   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  
程波  陈发虎  张家武 《地理学报》2010,65(11):1336-1344
在青藏高原共和盆地中的内陆湖泊--达连海获取40.92 m长的湖泊岩芯(DLH钻孔),选用植物残体作为测年材料,利用AMS14C测年技术建立可靠的地层年代序列,对岩芯进行孢粉分析,重建该地末次冰消期以来的古植被和古环境。末次冰消期以来达连海周围山地在14.8～12.9Cal ka BP和9.4～3.9 Cal ka BP时段曾发育森林,气候较湿润,达连海附近盆地发育的荒漠草原盖度增加或演化为草原;在15.8～14.8 Cal ka BP、12.9～9.4 Cal ka BP 和3.9～1.4 Cal ka BP 时段该地气候比较干旱,依据干旱的程度周围山地森林退化或消失,盆地内发育盖度较低的荒漠草原或草原化荒漠。1.4 Cal ka BP以来湿度有所增加,发育草原植被类型。依据植被的演替历史推断该地气候的变化历程是15.8～14.8 Cal ka BP 干旱,14.8～12.9 Cal ka BP 湿润,12.9～9.4 Cal ka BP干旱,9.4～3.9 Cal ka BP湿润,3.9～1.4 Cal ka BP干旱,1.4～0 Cal ka BP湿润。达连海的孢粉记录与附近青海湖的孢粉结果对比,发现两地植被发育基本一致。末次冰消期Bølling-Allerød 时期,山地森林发育;新仙女木事件发生时森林萎缩;全新世中期两地针叶林发育达到鼎盛,之后逐渐减少至消失。早全新世达连海森林扩张的时间滞后于青海湖,主要与两地森林树种的不同和植被演替的时间差异有关。该区森林发育的全盛时期在中全新世,这与石笋记录到的亚洲季风强盛时期在早全新世不相一致,可能与植被复杂的响应机制有关。  相似文献   

6.
神农架大九湖四万年以来的植被与气候变化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
通过对大九湖6 m长连续沉积岩芯剖面(DJH-1 孔) 7 个样品的AMS14C年龄测定和151 块孢粉样品的鉴定分析, 揭示了神农架区域4 万以年来植被和气候演变。末次冰期阶段大九湖附近发育森林草地或草地-草甸植被。MIS 3 晚期, ~42-39 cal ka BP之间, 气候相对干冷, 发育森林草地;~39-31 cal ka BP 之间, 气候较为湿润, 草甸扩张并伴随低海拔阔叶树种的发育。MIS 2 阶段, 草甸组分中蒿属显著增加, 高海拔可能分布有荒漠草地, 气候极端干冷;该时期植被带垂直下降达到1000 余m, 按垂直温度递减率推算, 冰盛期阶段该区域温度下降约7℃左右。从冰消期开始, 森林植被开始扩张, 北温带、暖温带和亚热带乔木组分依次增加。约在9.4-4 cal ka BP之间, 演变为亚热带常绿阔叶落叶林, 属全新世适宜期;从约4 cal ka BP以来, 北温带阔叶和针叶树开始增加, 气候趋于凉干。通过对比区域高分辨率的洞穴石笋及高纬冰芯氧同位素记录, 表明神农架区域植被环境变化对气候变化敏感, 并记录了H1, YD气候突变事件;进一步体现出该区域气候环境演变主要与北半球太阳辐射控制的东亚夏季风强度变化有关, 且与北半球高纬气候变化一致。  相似文献   

7.
新疆伊犁河谷风沙沉积晚全新世孢粉记录及气候变化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
 通过地处亚洲中部干旱区的新疆伊犁河谷塔克尔莫乎尔沙漠沉积剖面(TKP)73块孢粉样品的鉴定分析,结合光释光(OSL)测年数据,获取了TKP沉积剖面晚全新世(约3.78~0 ka BP)植被变化特征与古气候历史。TKP剖面孢粉资料揭示出该研究区3.7 ka BP以来经历了多次的气候干湿波动,大致以2.2 ka BP为界,分为前后两个时期,前期孢粉总浓度较低,平均仅有5粒·g-1,主体表现为沙漠,气候整体干旱; 后期孢粉总浓度明显增加,平均为85粒·g-1,为荒漠植被,并存在4个相对干湿的变化阶段; 最近0.3 ka BP以来,孢粉总浓度并不十分丰富(33粒·g-1),整体表现变干的趋势。TKP剖面孢粉资料反映的晚全新世干湿波动与其他相邻区域具有较好的可比性,具有区域一致性特征。在小冰期时TKP剖面表现为冷湿的气候特征,有可能是受到中高纬度北大西洋气候变化的影响。  相似文献   

8.
晚第四纪科尔沁沙地干湿变化的黄土记录   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  
利用光释光（OSL）定年技术对科尔沁沙地南缘的典型黄土剖面进行了测年,结合两个剖面的磁化率、粒度、有机质含量等气候替代性指标,对沙地古气候及环境变化过程进行了分析。结果表明,晚第四纪科尔沁沙地的古气候经历了万年-千年时间尺度的多次干湿变化,特别是在146.96 ka BP前后、141.98 ka BP左右和107.06 ka BP前后发生过重大转变;相应地,沙地地表植被也经历了干冷多风条件下的干草原、荒漠草原和温暖湿润或温凉稍湿气候条件下的森林草原、疏林草原的多次变化。科尔沁沙地古气候的干湿变化可能是晚第四纪东亚冬、夏季风强弱变化的反映。  相似文献   

9.
Holocene lake level fluctuations were reconstructed from a 2.7-m sediment core from Nam Co, Central Tibet, China dating to >7.2 cal ka BP. Results were compared to existing lake records from the Tibetan Plateau to infer variations in the strength of the Asian Monsoon. Geomorphological features in the Nam Co catchment, such as beach ridges and lake terraces, indicate high lake stands during the late Glacial. A major low stand is suggested for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Sands and sandy silts at the base of the core are transgressive facies, with material transported by melt water and deposited under rising lake level conditions that followed the LGM low stand. Variations in grain size, major elements, biomarker stable isotopes and minerals in the core suggest a climate evolution reflected in at least five depositional units and subunits. Sediments in Unit I (~7.2 to ~5.4 cal ka BP) were deposited at highest lake levels. Large amounts of allogenic minerals and allochthonous organic matter suggest high precipitation and melt water input, implying positive water balance. Increasing aquatic productivity points to favourable environmental conditions. Unit II (~5.4 to ~4.0 cal ka BP) marks a transition between favourable, stable hydrological conditions and lake level decrease. Lower lake levels were a consequence of drier climate with less monsoonal precipitation, higher evaporation rates, and increased moisture recycling in the catchment. Unit III (~4.0 to ~1.4 cal ka BP) reflects the driest periods recorded, at ~3.7 cal ka BP and 1.6 cal ka BP. Lake shrinkage and salinization was interrupted as suggested by the deposition of Unit IV (~1.4 to ~0.8 cal ka BP), when increased precipitation and runoff that might be related to the Medieval Warm Period, led to a stable, but still low lake level. Unit V (800 cal years BP—present) is characterized by progressive lake shrinkage due to intense evaporation. Large fluctuations in geochemical variables indicate humid and arid periods, respectively, at Nam Co between ~450 and ~200 cal years BP, with the latter assumed to correspond to the Little Ice Age. Modern hydrological data indicate the lake level is rising. Comparison of the Nam Co record with other lake records from the Tibetan Plateau suggests general agreement with the broader picture of Holocene environmental evolution. The timing of dry and wet climate conditions at lake sites across Tibet indicates a gradually decreasing influence of the southern monsoon during the Holocene, from NW to SE. Nevertheless, further research is needed to improve our understanding of Holocene spatio-temporal hydrological variations across the Asian continent.  相似文献   

10.
对青藏高原东北部共和盆地冬其剖面的化学元素与粒度分析表明,末次盛冰期以来区域冬夏季风总体上呈现此消彼长的关系,气候出现多次冷干-暖湿旋回。15.82 ka BP之前冬季风最强,夏季风最弱,为末次盛冰期时的冷干气候,但21 ka BP之前气候可能寒冷偏湿。15.82~9.5 ka BP夏季风明显增强,冬季风衰弱,气候明显转暖,其中老仙女木时期（14.7~13.7 a BP）和新仙女木时期（12.1~9.5 ka BP）气候相对冷干,而B-A时期（13.7~12.1 ka BP）气候相对暖湿。全新世以来冬夏季风出现多次波动,9.5~7.0 ka BP夏季风相对较强,气候相对暖湿;7.0~5.1 ka BP冬夏季风强弱交替频繁,气候出现冷干-暖湿旋回;5.1~2.7 ka BP夏季风总体较强,气候温暖湿润;2.7 ka BP 之后冬季风明显增强,气候趋于冷干。此外,区域冬夏季风演变过程与极地冰芯记录的冷暖事件大体一致,可以认为共和盆地气候变化是全球气候变化的区域响应。  相似文献   

11.
近22 ka以来吉兰泰盐湖的环境变化及成盐过程   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  
庞西磊  胡东生 《中国沙漠》2009,29(2):193-199
 根据研究区及毗邻地区第四纪地层沉积特征资料,运用层序地层学的基本方法,对吉兰泰盐湖22 ka BP以来的环境变化和成盐过程进行初步分析。同时,将其划分为6个阶段:冷干期（22.0~14.0 ka BP）,淡水湖演化阶段;冷湿期（14.0~10.0 ka BP）,仙女木期气候颤动期,湖水开始咸水化;暖湿期（10.0~7.0 ka BP）,咸水湖阶段;暖湿转干期（7.0~6.0 ka BP）,咸水湖阶段,亦是湖泊“成盐事件”的预备阶段;冷干期（6.0~4.7 ka BP）,盐湖阶段气候干湿交替,也是盐湖的成盐发展期;凉干期（4.7 ka BP至今）,是盐湖的成盐旺期,盐湖湖水不断缩减,加之周围沙漠的不断吞噬,盐湖开始由干盐湖向沙下湖发展。吉兰泰地区距今22 ka以来的古环境变化及气候转型,不仅是对全球古气候变化的响应,而且对盐湖矿产资源的成盐事件及区域可持续发展具有重要意义。  相似文献   

12.
Two cores were recovered from raised peat bogs on the tropical northern Leizhou Peninsula, south China. Multiple sediment variables including organic matter (OM) content, the stable carbon isotope signature of OM, low-frequency magnetic susceptibility and degree of humification, indicate that the regional paleoclimate played an important role in determining the nature of peat that accumulated. Based on comparison with other climate proxies, the bulk peat δ13C record was interpreted as an indicator of variation in the East Asian (EA) summer monsoon, and to a lesser extent, the Indian summer monsoon, during the last glacial period between ~49 and 10 cal ka BP. More negative bulk δ13C values reflect wetter and warmer conditions, and thus a strong EA summer monsoon. More positive values indicate drier and cooler conditions. A warm and wet period occurred between ~46 and 28 cal ka BP, implying a strengthening of the EA summer monsoon. A climate shift occurred at ~22 cal ka BP and the driest and coldest period appeared between ~19 and 16 cal ka BP, suggesting weakening of the EA summer monsoon. After ~12 cal ka BP, climate shifted towards wetter and warmer conditions again. It has been suggested that variations in orbitally induced solar insolation played a role in the last glacial climate of the study region. Several millennial—scale arid and cold phases characterized by C4 plants, or by more positive δ13C values during periods when C3 plants dominated, show agreement with the Greenland GISP2 ice core and the Chinese stalagmite records. Interactions between high northern latitude cold air advection and summer moisture transported across the tropical ocean, and the migration of the mean position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) would have favored these millennial–scale phases. Additionally, changes in heat transport to the North Atlantic would also have influenced climate in the region.  相似文献   

13.
瓦窑沟剖面记录的早中全新世毛乌素沙地东南缘气候变化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
毛乌素沙地位于中国东亚季风边缘区,对气候变化响应敏感。区域内分布着大量河湖相沉积地层,忠实记录了全新世以来气候变化状况。选取毛乌素沙地东南缘河湖相沉积地层为主的瓦窑沟剖面（WYG）,在光释光（OSL）和14C（AMS 14C）测年基础上,对粒度、色度和有机质环境代用指标进行分析,反演得出毛乌素沙地早中全新世气候经历了3个阶段：约9.8 ka BP前气候干冷,广泛沉积沙层;9.8—9.6 ka BP气候逐渐回暖,为气候干冷转为暖湿的过渡期;9.6—5.2 ka BP气候相对暖湿,发育砂质泥炭层。推测计算得出,剖面地层沉积速率沙层>过渡层>砂质泥炭层,且各地层均存在次一级旋回,曲线旋回周期砂质泥炭层（480 a）>沙层（150 a）>过渡层（130 a）,指示砂质泥炭层沉积速率最慢、形成时期气候相对稳定。研究结果与东亚季风区域古气候记录具有很好的可比性,是对东亚冬夏季风强度变化的全球性响应。  相似文献   

14.
青海湖江西沟遗迹是青藏高原东北缘一处有连续地层的重要细石器文化遗存,对其人类活动指标(石器、动物碎骨、陶片等) 与环境指标(磁化率、色度、孢粉及集成结果) 对比分析表明：细石器文化与环境变化关系密切,在全新世JXG2 细石器狩猎者一直生活在以蒿为主的草原环境.在9 ka BP以前的早全新世,环境状况不断好转,人类已经在湖区活动,并逐渐增强;9 ka BP后最佳的水热组合,较高的草原覆盖,为细石器狩猎者提供充足的食物来源,推动文化进入鼎盛期;6 ka BP后随着环境干冷化,细石器文化也开始衰弱.孢粉分析发现9~6 ka BP高的禾本科含量及种类丰富的杂草花粉,与人类活动有关;尤其是禾本科含量在6.7~4 ka BP保持较高水平,此时段恰是陶片开始出现并普遍使用的时期,推测与JXG2 先民尝试种植农作物有关.高原东北缘在6 ka BP之前为细石器文化,6 ka BP之后高原史前文化开始发生分化,细石器狩猎者活跃在海拔较高的高原上,农业种植者占据了较低的河谷地带,在二者交接地带,形成了兼具细石器文化与农业种植文化特征土著新石器文化.  相似文献   

15.
Paleoenvironmental history in the monsoonal margin in the northeast Tibetan Pla-teau provides important clue to the regional climate. Previous researches have been limited by either poor chronology or low resolution. Here we present a high-resolution pollen record from a 40.92-m-long sediment core (DLH) taken from Dalianhai, a terminal lake situated in the Gonghe Basin, the northeast Tibetan Plateau for reconstructing the vegetation and climate history since the last deglacial on the basis of a chronology controlled by 10 AMS 14C dates on plant remains preserved in the core sediments. The pollen assemblages in DLH core can be partitioned into 6 pollen zones and each zone is mainly characterized by the growth and decline of tree or herb pollen percentage. During the periods of 14.8-12.9 ka and 9.4-3.9 ka, the subalpine arboreal and local herbaceous pollen increased, indicating the subalpine forest developed in the surrounding mountains and a desert steppe or typical steppe developed in Gonghe Basin under a relatively moister climate. During the periods of 15.8-14.8 ka, 12.9-9.4 ka and 3.9-1.4 ka, the forest shrank or disappeared according to different degrees of aridity, and the desert steppe degraded to a more arid steppe desert in the basin, indicating a dry climate. After 1.4 ka, vegetation type around Dalianhai was mainly dominated by steppe suggested by increased Artemisia. Our results suggested the climate history in this region was dry from 15.8-14.8 ka, humid from 14.8-12.9 ka and dry from 12.9-9.4 ka, after which the climate was humid during 9.4-3.9 ka, followed by dry conditions during 3.9-1.4 ka and humid conditions in the last 1.4 ka. The change of pollen percentage and the evolution of palaeovegetation in Dalianhai since the last deglacial were similar to those recorded in Qinghai Lake. The forest expanded in the mountains around Dalianhai during the B?l-ling-Aller?d period, shrank during the Younger Dryas and the early Holocene, then it devel-oped and reached its maximum in the mid-Holocene. During the late Holocene, the vegetation began to shrink till disappearance. However, the timing of forest expansion in the Holocene lagged behind that of Qinghai Lake, and this spatial heterogeneity was probably caused by the different forest species between these two places. The maximum of forest development in the mid-Holocene was inconsistent with the period of stronger summer monsoon in the early Holocene indicated by stalagmite records, the reason might be related to the complexity of vegetation response to a large-scale climatic change.  相似文献   

16.
Surface and fossil pollen samples were collected to reconstruct the vegetation and environment since 30.7 cal ka BP in the Lake Balikun Basin, northwest China. This record demonstrates that the region was occupied by four vegetation communities during the interval 30.7–9.0 cal ka BP, including desert steppe (30.7–25.1 cal ka BP), Amaranthaceae-Asteraceae desert (25.1–17.7 cal ka BP), Amaranthaceae-Artemisia-Asteraceae desert (17.7–12.8 cal ka BP) and Amaranthaceae desert (12.8–9.0 cal ka BP), corresponding to relatively humid, the coldest and driest, cold and dry, and colder and drier conditions, respectively. The reconstructions of vegetation and environmental changes around Lake Balikun do not support the interpretation of an extremely humid LGM in Central Asia, challenging the cold-moist (glacial), warm-dry (interglacial) pattern of late Quaternary environmental change in Central Asia. The Last Glacial Maximum was cold and dry, and similarly harsh conditions continued into the early Holocene.  相似文献   

17.
Lake Ohrid is considered to be of Pliocene origin and is the oldest extant lake in Europe. A 1,075-cm-long sediment core was recovered from the southeastern part of the lake, from a water depth of 105 m. The core was investigated using geophysical, granulometric, biogeochemical, diatom, ostracod, and pollen analyses. Tephrochronology and AMS radiocarbon dating of plant macrofossils reveals that the sediment sequence spans the past ca. 39,500 years and features a hiatus between ca. 14,600 and 9,400 cal. year BP. The Pleistocene sequence indicates relatively stable and cold conditions, with steppe vegetation in the catchment, at least partial winter ice-cover of the lake, and oxygenated bottom waters at the coring site. The Holocene sequence indicates that the catchment vegetation had changed to forest dominated by pine and summer-green oak. Several of the proxies suggest the impact of abrupt climate oscillations such as the 8.2 or 4.0 ka event. The observed changes, however, cannot be related clearly to a change in temperature or humidity. Human impact started about 5,000 cal. year BP and increased significantly during the past 2,400 years. Water column mixing conditions, inflow from subaquatic springs, and human impact are the most important parameters influencing internal lake processes, notably affecting the composition and characteristics of the sediments.  相似文献   

18.
全新世浑善达克沙地粒度旋回及其反映的气候变化   总被引：6，自引：13，他引：6  
 利用浑善达克沙地北部锡林浩特风成砂/古土壤剖面的粗颗粒含量、标准偏差、中值粒径、平均粒径和粘粒含量等气候代用指标,对浑善达克沙地10 ka以来的沉积物粒度进行了系统分析研究\.结果表明气候变化存在4个阶段:10.7～9.6 ka BP气候相对干冷;9.6～6 ka BP气候温暖湿润; 6～3.4 ka BP气候干冷暖湿波动频繁;3.4 ka BP以来气候以干旱为主。  相似文献   

19.
Pollen and charcoal data from the Jingerwa section of the Nihewan Basin, north-central China, were used to reconstruct vegetation and climate changes during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. Mean annual precipitation changes were quantified by applying pollen-climate transfer functions. Sparse vegetation cover dominated by herbs indicates relatively dry climate between 51 and 43 cal ka BP. Between 43 and 35 cal ka BP, a Pinus-dominated forest reached its maximum extent, implying that climate was wetter than today. Severe fire episodes during that period suggest warm temperatures. Between 35 and 32 cal ka BP, forest retreat and the expansion of dryland vegetation are indicative of drier climates. Slightly wetter conditions prevailed between 32 and 29 cal ka BP, as indicated by the expansion of ferns. Our results suggest that the climate conditions in the Nihewan Basin during middle and late MIS 3 were probably wetter than today. This may have been caused by intensification of Asian monsoon circulation in response to greater insolation in June at 30°N. However, increases in summer temperatures and evaporation, triggered by peak summer insolation levels, may have led to a reduction in humidity around 35 cal ka BP.  相似文献   

20.
Sub-bottom profiling and coring were undertaken at eight sub-basins along the lower French River and at five small lakes near North Bay, Ontario, to collect stratigraphical and chronological evidence to investigate whether lakes occupying the Huron–Georgian basins during the early- to mid-Holocene became hydrologically closed. All of the coring sites are located within the route of the North Bay outlet that carried outflow from the upper Great Lakes during this period. Sand beds containing organic detritus are present within five cores from Muskrat, Crombie and Deep bays that otherwise are composed of glaciolacustrine rhythmites or fine-grained lacustrine deposits. These sand beds are interpreted to represent intervals when water levels within the sub-basins were lower than present, based on chronology, sediment texture, and macrofossil assemblages. It is inferred that the water surface in the Huron–Georgian basins fell below the level of the Dalles Rapids sill isolating the lower French River sub-basins from the large lake. A core from Depensier Lake, North Bay, contains an organic-rich sand interval within a thicker sand unit barren of organic materials. Macrofossils within this organic-rich interval are interpreted to be evidence of substantially diminished flow through the North Bay outlet channel. Radiocarbon dates of terrestrial macrofossils provide correlation of the sand beds between the French River cores as well as with the organic-rich sand in the Depensier Lake core. The possibility that the sand beds in the French River cores represent flood deposits rather than evidence of hydrologically closed conditions is considered, but rejected, based on the occurrence of multiple peaty layers and the record of shallow water conditions inferred from macrofossils within the upper sand bed of core MUS1, Muskrat Bay, in combination with the evidence of quiescent depositional conditions from similarly aged macrofossils in the core from Depensier Lake. Eight radiocarbon dates from the French River cores are incorporated into an elevation-age plot of paleo-indicators of water levels in the Huron–Georgian basins, using additional data from the literature. This plot and stratigraphic evidence from the Muskrat Bay cores indicates that separate closed-basin intervals occurred between 9.0 and 8.4, and 9.5 and 9.3 ka cal BP (~ 8.1 and 7.6, and ~ 8.5 and 8.3 ka BP). The occurrence of these two closed-basin intervals between 9.6 and 8.4 ka cal BP (~ 8.7 and 7.6 ka BP) implies that run-off derived exclusively from precipitation within the non-glaciated portions of the upper Great Lakes drainage basins was likely insufficient at this time to support an open-basin lake hydrology during the contemporary climate, which was colder and drier than present, without being supplemented from glacial Lake Agassiz overflow and/or Laurentide Ice Sheet meltwater.  相似文献   

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