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1.
西江水体有机碳含量变化及悬浮物碳同位素的意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以西江马口断面水体为研究对象,讨论其有机碳含量、悬浮物同位素组成(δ13C、Δ14C)与环境之间的关系。西江马口断面有机碳含量呈现季节性变化,其中颗粒有机碳(POC)含量范围介于0.13~4.98mg/L之间,溶解有机碳(DOC)含量范围介于0.98~4.17mg/L之间,DOC/POC比值为1.34,远低于世界多数河流之比值。近年来马口断面悬浮物POCδ13C的变化范围介于-21.3‰~-26.1‰之间,随时间出现整体性漂移现象,表明流域生态环境整体改善。POCΔ14C变化范围介于-132‰~-425‰之间,与取样期间的流域降水过程及土壤的侵蚀相关。 相似文献
2.
由人类活动产生的氮排放是影响河流氮通量输出的关键,本研究基于人类活动净氮输入模型和流域分布式水文模型(SWAT),计算了山美水库流域2001—2010年人为氮排放强度,模拟估算了同期的河流氮通量,对山美水库河流氮输出与人类活动净氮输入(NANI)之间的响应特征进行研究。结果表明,2001—2010年间,山美水库流域年均人类活动净氮输入强度为11 023 kg N·km~(-2),其中氮肥施用量占NANI总量的60%,是NANI的主要来源;河流氮通量的年际变化特征深受河流年径流变化影响,与NANI并无显著相关;NANI、滞留氮库以及自然背景源对流域河流氮输出总量的贡献率分别达到52%、44%和4%,包括NANI和滞留氮库在内的人为氮输入是影响山美水库流域河流氮通量输出的关键因素。 相似文献
3.
通在黄河三门峡水文站进行1 a的连续采样分析和调水调沙期间的密集采样分析,揭示了三门峡水库水沙调控对黄河有机碳输送过程的影响。结果表明,在水库调水调沙期间,三门峡站POC含量与TSS含量同步增加,而DOC含量变化趋势不明显;在1 a内,DOC和POC含量均有明显的季节变化。三门峡站POC年通量为124.8万t,其中调水调沙期间POC输送量约占POC年通量的38%,水库敞泄期间（8~9月）的POC输送量约占POC年通量的60%;三门峡站DOC年通量为7.6万t,其中7~9月DOC输送量约占DOC年通量的52%。 相似文献
4.
普里兹湾是南大洋碳循环研究典型代表海区,也是中国历次南大洋考察的重点调查区域。从初级生产力、营养盐、叶绿素、海-气CO2通量、真光层颗粒有机碳（POC）输出通量,净群落生产力（NCP）等方面综合阐述了其碳循环特征。生物泵运转效率和海冰过程是碳吸收的主要控制因素。普里兹湾总体上可以从陆坡划界,分为湾内和湾外两大部分。两者碳循环特征差异显著。湾内碳循环过程活跃,是南大洋夏季的高生产力区域。湾外则表现出高营养盐、低叶绿素（HNLC）特征,初步认为存在Fe限制。总体上,溶解有机碳（DOC）、POC、营养盐、叶绿素、二氧化碳分压（pCO2）等存在从湾内向湾外随纬度递增或递减的规律。海冰消长对碳循环过程影响剧烈。夏季融冰造成的冰藻释放、水体垂直稳定性增加是提高生物生产力的首要原因。总体上普里兹湾的碳循环受各种生物、物理过程及其耦合作用控制,对南大洋碳循环机制研究有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
本文利用中国第25次南极科学考察数据,运用数学模型对南极普里兹湾有机碳与无机碳的分解比及上层水体POC的再矿化效率进行了估算。结果表明:普里兹湾及其邻近海域POC的浓度范围为24.38~446.40μg?dm-3,平均值为118.16μg?dm-3。在普里兹湾P2断面陆架区,上层水体中的有机碳和无机碳向下层水体输出埋藏过程中,两者分解速率比为1.27（摩尔比）,根据相关结果我们推测上层水体中的颗粒有机碳向底层输出埋藏的过程中有81%发生了转化重新参与海洋碳循环。 相似文献
6.
北极入海径流是北冰洋最主要的淡水来源之一,也是影响北极变化的重要因素。利用Dai和Trenberth发布的1979—2010年全球河流流量和陆地径流数据集、全球径流数据中心(GRDC)数据集和美国国家冰雪中心数据集,以入海口位置划分研究区域为楚科奇海区、东西伯利亚海区、拉普捷夫海区和喀拉海区;以流量特征,选取注入北冰洋的前12条大河中的6条主要河流为代表,采用Mann-Kendall趋势分析方法,检测了不同海区入海径流在不同季节的变化特征及趋势,并对其与边缘海区海冰覆盖面积的关系进行分析。结果表明:所有河流的季节特征明显且一致,径流量集中在4—11月, 6月前后的洪峰流量远大于春季和秋季的径流量,且叶尼塞河和勒拿河洪峰时期的流量是其他河流的3—4倍。径流季节变化明显,在全球变暖的影响下,径流总体呈现显著增长趋势,春季径流量增加最为明显,其中东西伯利亚海域入海径流增长最快。楚科奇海春季径流量与融化开始时间显著相关,径流量每增加5.9 km3·a–1,海冰融化时间提前一天。东西伯利亚海夏季径流量与融化开始时间(8月)显著相关,径流量每增加30.7km3·a–1,海冰融化时间提前一天。东西伯利亚海8月最大日径流量与当月冰情显著相关,最大日径流量发生时间平均提前于海冰低谷发生时间8天。不考虑其他因素的情况下,最大日径流量每增加15.7km3·a–1,海冰低谷距平降低1%,表明其促进融冰期海冰的融化,导致冰情减轻。东西伯利亚海秋季径流的增大加速了结冰后期海冰的冻结。 相似文献
7.
河流碳循环对全球变化的响应与反馈 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
河流连接陆地生态系统和海洋两大活动碳库,构成全球碳循环的一个关键环节。河流碳的输出及循环过程与近岸水域环境、海洋碳库变动及全球气候系统紧密相关。有机碳在全球碳循环系统中处于核心地位,了解河流有机碳通量及性质变化是目前河流碳循环研究的重要内容之一。流域面积的大小及气候和环境性质的差异对河流碳的输移及循环过程影响显著。目前,亚洲季风流域尤其是众多的小流域缺乏系统的有关悬移质生源要素的信息。陆地侵蚀-沉积过程控制着河流碳的主要来源和归宿。当前,人类活动主宰着陆地的侵蚀-沉积状况,这在很大程度上表现为加速了陆地生态系统碳库的扰动与再沉积,并加强了河流向海洋的碳输送。 相似文献
8.
黑河中游不同土地利用类型下土壤碳储量及其空间变化 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
通过黑河中游不同土地利用类型下土壤碳密度、碳储量的研究表明:总有机碳(TOC)、活性有机碳(AOC)、非活性有机碳(NOC)碳密度、碳储量从小到大呈不同的变化趋势。其中,NOC与TOC碳密度从大到小的空间分布基本一致,而AOC与NOC、TOC的分布存在差异,说明土地利用类型变化对三类有机碳的影响不同。经计算得到,1m深度TOC、AOC、DOC碳库总量分别为94.72、45.12、49.60Tg,DOC碳库占TOC碳库的比例略高于AOC占TOC碳库的比例。分析发现,引入AOC和NOC指标,更能真实反映出有机碳与影响因素间关系。 相似文献
9.
模拟增温对生态系统碳循环影响研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
气候变暖影响着生态系统碳循环,碳循环的变化反馈于气候变化。这两者的相互作用影响着未来气候变化的方向和强度。野外增温试验有助于了解生态系统碳循环对气候变化的响应及其机制,因此成为近年来的研究热点。生态系统所处的地理位置及相应的气候背景影响着碳循环对增温的响应。增温后不同生态系统的碳释放和碳固定均可表现为增加、减小或者无显著变化,因而生态系统净碳收支对气候变化响应多样。增温后土壤氮矿化速率、物候、生态系统物种组成和结构的变化间接影响着生态系统净碳收支。多年冻土区储存了大量的土壤有机碳,冻土融化后冻土有机碳分解将释放大量的CO2到大气中,正反馈于气候变暖,因而是目前野外增温试验对碳循环影响研究的焦点。 相似文献
10.
基于DEM的分布式水文模型在大尺度流域应用研究 总被引：52，自引：2，他引：52
本文选取空间大尺度黄河河源区流域为研究对象,利用分布式水文模型进行径流量模拟,采用1976～1985年唐乃亥水文站逐年、月实测径流资料进行参数率定,确定模型的基本参数,得到了较好的模拟效果。模拟结果表明气候变化是引起黄河河源区径流变化的主要原因。在80～90年代的20年间,黄河河源区由气候变化引起径流减少62.11亿m3,占径流变化总量的108.72%,由土地覆被变化引起径流增加5.73亿m3,增加量占径流变化总量的10.03%。 相似文献
11.
《Polar Science》2014,8(3):232-241
This study analyzes long-term (40–60 years) discharge and water temperature records collected near the basin outlets of the Yukon and Mackenzie Rivers. It defines seasonal cycles of discharge, water temperature (WT), and heat flux (HF) for the basins, and compares their main features to understand their similarity and difference. Both rivers have similar hydrographs, i.e. low flows in winter and high discharge in summer, with the peak flood in June due to snowmelt runoff. Mackenzie River has many large lakes and they sustain the higher base flows over the fall/winter season. Mackenzie basin is large with high precipitation, thus producing 50% more discharge than the Yukon River to the Arctic Ocean. The WT regimes are also similar between the two rivers. Yukon River WT is about 2–3 °C warmer than the Mackenzie over the open water months. Both rivers have the highest WT in the mid summer and they transport large amount of heat to the polar ocean system. Yukon River monthly HF is lower by 10–60% than the Mackenzie mainly due to smaller discharge. Mackenzie River heat transport peaks in July, while the Yukon HF reaches the maximum in June and July. These results provide critical knowledge of river thermal condition and energy transport to the northern seas. They are useful for large-scale climate and ocean model development and validation, and climate/hydrology change research in the northern regions. 相似文献
12.
Rivers transport both organic and inorganic carbon from their sources to the sea. Results of ~800 organic and inorganic analyses from various British rivers of contrasting size and land use are presented here: (1) the headwater River Tern, a rural river of 852 km2 catchment; (2) the Ouseburn, a small urban 55 km2 catchment; (3) the River Tyne, a larger river system of ~3000 km2 catchment; (4) a spatial survey from 205 sample sites on ~60 rivers from SW England. We found that, with the exception of peat-rich headwaters, DIC concentration is always greater than DOC. DIC is primarily in the form HCO3 − , with DIC concentrations highest in highly urbanised catchments, typically greater than those observed in catchments with carbonate bedrock, demonstrating a significant and previously unrecognised anthropogenic inorganic carbon input to urban rivers. 相似文献
13.
14.
天山山区典型内陆河流域径流组分特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对天山南北坡的两个典型流域降水、地下水、河流、融冰雪水δD和δ18O及水化学检测,基于同位素径流分割模型定量分析了年内径流组分特征。结果表明：（1）两条河流的径流组成中地下水为构成径流的主要成分,其次是冰川融水,融雪水及降水,但南北坡径流组分表现出较明显的差异,乌鲁木齐河流域中冰川融水的比重要大于黄水沟流域,对气候变化响应明显。（2）两条河流在不同季节径流组分也表现出较大差异,春季径流组分差异最为明显。 相似文献
15.
A quantitative assessment is made of suspended sediment load, including particulate organic matter and organic carbon, in 2014 for the small streams of the Northern Yenisei region, in the taiga–tundra transition zone (near the city of Igarka, Krasnoyarsk krai). It was found that the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) of the streams under investigation fluctuated between 2 and 18 mg/L during the summer–autumn low-water period of 2014. The proportion of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the total sediment yield varied from 16.4% to 74.1%, depending on landscape-geomorphological conditions for suspended sediment formation: it is higher for streams with tundra catchments and lower on forest watersheds underlain by sandy and clayey loams. The DOM content varies from catchment to catchment from 1.63 to 2.42 mg/L, and the mean concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is estimated at 0.73 to 1.09 mg C/L. It is shown that the local channel transformations serve as the main source of POM and DOC input to the water of two out of three streams under study. Surface runoff or fast subsurface flow in the organic soil horizon is the external source of DOM input to the water of the third stream during flooding. Regional empirical dependencies were obtained, which correlate the water discharge, total SSC and the proportion of DOM are obtained. The long-term proportion of DOM in the annual suspended sediment flow of the Graviika river makes up 25% and DOC, 11%, or, in absolute values, 406 and 183 t/year, and in units of layer 1.26 and 0.57 t/km2, respectively. 相似文献
16.
Glen MacDonald Benjamin Felzer Bruce Finney Steven Forman 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2000,24(1):1-13
Although paleoclimatic research in the Arctic has most often focused on variations in temperature, the Arctic has also experienced changes in hydrologic balance. Changes in Arctic precipitation and evaporation rates affects soils, permafrost, lakes, wetlands, rivers, ice and vegetation. Changes in Arctic soils, permafrost, runoff, and vegetation can influence global climate by changing atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide concentrations, thermohaline circulation, and high latitude albedo. Documenting past variations in Arctic hydrological conditions is important for understanding Arctic climate and the potential response and role of the Arctic in regards to future climate change. Methods for reconstructing past changes in Arctic hydrology from the stratigraphic, isotopic, geochemical and fossil records of lake sediments are being developed, refined and applied in a number of regions. These records suggest that hydrological variations in the Arctic have been regionally asynchronous, reflecting the impacts of different forcing factors including orbitally controlled insolation changes, changes in geography related to coastal emergence, ocean currents, sea ice extent, and atmospheric circulation. Despite considerable progress, much work remains to be done on the development of paleohydrological proxies and their application to the Arctic. 相似文献
17.
Sources and transport of organic carbon from the Dongjiang River to the Humen outlet ofthe Pearl River,southern China简 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Transport of organic carbon via rivers to estuary is a significant geochemical proc- ess in the global carbon cycle. This paper presents bulk total organic carbon （TOC） from the Dongjiang catchment to the adjacent Humen outlet, and discusses the applicability of 613C and ratio of carbon to nitrogen （C/N） as indicators for sources of organic matter in the surface sediments. Survey results showed that organic carbon concentration in summer were higher than in the winter. An elevated trend of TOC occurred along the river to the Humen outlet in both surveys, and the highest mean values of dissolved and particular organic carbon （DOC-279 μmol L-1 and POC-163μmol L-1） were observed in the urban deltaic region in summer flood flow. Winter samples had a wide range of b＇13C and C/N （5-3C -24.6%o to -30.0%o, C/N 4-13）, and summer ones varied slightly （8-3C -24.2%o to -27.6%0, C/N 6-18）. As results suggest that POC in the three zones of upstream-delta-outlet dominantly came from riverbank soil, phytoplankton and agricultural C3 plants in winter, whereas main sources were from the riverbank and mangrove soil in summer. Moreover, anthropogenic sewage inputs had 11% and 7% contribution to POC in the deltaic and outlet. Transport accompanied with seasonal freshwater variation, phytoplankton production and degradation, and removal be- havior caused variation of organic carbon concentration. The results also discovered that TOC export bulk in Dongjiang was approximately one quarter of Humen flux in the dry flow, and anthropogenic activity significantly impacted the river export contribution. 相似文献
18.
以20世纪50年代中期以来崇明岛东部盐沼6个钻孔潮坪层段为研究对象,根据柱样粒度特征、碳/氮元素含量、有机碳稳定同位素组成（δ13C）和C/N比,结合长江入海泥沙通量的变化,研究20世纪50年代中期以来崇明岛东部盐沼发育与长江入海泥沙的响应关系。结果表明：长江入海泥沙通量及组成是20世纪50年代中期以来崇明岛东部盐沼物质粗细变化的主控因素;崇明岛东部盐沼沉积物δ13C与C/N比的相关程度、有机质含量与各粒径区间颗粒含量的相关性在不同时期均存在差异;20世纪60年代,长江入海泥沙量达到顶峰,流域不同侵蚀区域的泥沙相互混合,有机质含量与各粒径区间颗粒含量的相关性及δ13C与C/N比的相关程度均很差;20世纪90年代以来,崇明岛东部地区进行了高强度的围垦活动,δ13C与C/N比的相关程度下降。这表明20世纪50-80年代崇明岛东部盐沼发育受长江入海泥沙控制,20世纪90年代以来崇明岛东部盐沼发育除受长江入海泥沙控制外,还受围垦等人类活动的显著影响。 相似文献