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1.
CAROL MORRIS 《The Geographical journal》2010,176(1):77-89
This paper explores the environmental knowledge of small-scale rural landholders and comments on the implications of this for environmental policy. The paper draws on conceptualisations of knowledge as 'know what', 'know why', 'know how' and 'know who', recognises a distinction between tacit and codified environmental knowledges and highlights the need to consider the politics of knowledge surrounding environmental issues. Both quantitative and qualitative data are reported, and are derived from structured interviews with 30 small-scale landholders who were participants in a nature and landscape conservation initiative – the Landscape Heritage Scheme – within South Devon, England. These data are used to explore the place of environmental concerns within the land management objectives of respondents; the nature and extent of their environmental knowledge; how a range of factors alongside their environmental knowledge shaped the environmental practices of respondents; and the politics of knowledge associated with the Landscape Heritage Scheme. The paper suggests that small-scale landholders should be of interest to environmental policy, prioritising environmental objectives in their land management, being relatively knowledgeable about the environment and highly responsive to environmental advice and financial incentives that support environmental management. A case is made for developing research in this area, given ongoing processes of rural demographic change and the rising importance within this of an increasingly diverse landholding population. 相似文献
2.
The influence of environmental familiarity on spatial knowledge development in the context of campuses and their surrounding environments has been well documented. However, existing studies have rarely stressed the distinction between the architectural styles of a campus and its surrounding environment. This study thus targets a campus with a historical architectural style that contrasts strongly with the surrounding modern environment, to gain a fresh view on how spatial knowledge develops with environmental familiarity on such a unique campus. This study recruited 30 freshmen and 28 sophomores to complete landmark selection, route sketching, and distance estimation tasks used to measure their spatial knowledge. The results mainly revealed that spatial knowledge developed by freshmen and sophomores stayed at a similar level as no significant differences were detected. As such, the key implication of this study is that spatial knowledge could be developed to the largest cognitive extent within a short period (i.e., 1.5 months) after students have entered a new campus in which the architectural style contrasts strongly with its surrounding environment. Increased environmental familiarity did not significantly promote their spatial knowledge development as sophomores with about an added year of campus stay performed similarly to freshmen. 相似文献
3.
Research in China seems to find stronger men’s than women’s environmental concern, unlike what is commonly found in the West. Such findings thus raise questions of the cross-cultural applicability of the existing theories of gendered pattern of environmental concern that have originated in the West. This current study uses data from the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey to provide an update to this research. Results show that in contemporary China women generally are no longer less concerned about the environment than Chinese men, even though women’s lower environmental knowledge somewhat hinders their overall levels of environmental concern. In fact, with equal environmental knowledge, Chinese women are slightly more concerned about environmental problems, consistent with the literature in the West. This current study therefore suggests that relevant theories from the West may likely be applicable to the case of China after all. 相似文献
4.
Amelia C. Eisenhart Kelley A. Crews Meyer Brian King Kenneth R. Young 《The Professional geographer》2019,71(1):109-122
Integral to the geographic discipline are cross-cultural analyses, many of which use languages outside of the researcher’s own. There are few analyses, however, that address issues of translation that are inherently geographic; namely, that language is understood as a manifestation of place and culture. This article argues that the results of environmental interviews must be interpreted through a lens that evaluates how the translation of a word, or even a concept, is understood differentially based on one’s sense of place. Interviews were conducted in three of the Etsha villages situated in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, comparing perceptions of changes in both the local area and the flooding regime. Findings show qualitatively and quantitatively how residents perceive environmental change in light of their residential histories and their production of place. These results highlight that environmental change in an area is perceived in the context of previous residences, including the length of time spent in residence and the environmental characterization of that place. The process of interviewing regarding such change, especially when translation is necessary, should therefore proceed by incorporating inquiries about previous residences and the environments of those areas to correctly contextualize environmental change in a particular area. 相似文献
5.
Brit Shay-Margalit 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(1):112-128
The objective of this study was to explore the mechanism through which a reform in environmental education (EE) programs affects pupils’ relation to the environment. We surveyed 589 pupils aged 9–12 years in three types of Israeli elementary school: regular schools, schools that implement an EE program (designated “green schools”), and schools that implement a more intensive EE program (designated “persistent green schools”). Analyzing the results obtained from our questionnaire, we found that both EE programs had a positive effect on environmental attitudes. Importantly, however, only persistent green schools showed a direct positive effect on environmental behavior. In addition, we assessed the influences of various demographic and other factors on pupils’ relation to the environment. Of note, we found that students who spent their leisure time watching TV or engaging with other electronic media expressed less concern about the environment. 相似文献
6.
ABSTRACT. Gardens have been an important site of environmental engagement in Australia since the British colonization. They are places where immigrant people and plants have carried on traditions from their homelands and have worked out an accommodation with new social and biophysical environments. We examined the backyard gardens of three contemporary migrant groups—Macedonian, Vietnamese, and British born—in suburban Australia and a group of first‐generation Australians with both parents born overseas. In Macedonian backyards, emphasis was strong on the production of vegetables; in Vietnamese backyards, on herbs and fruit. British backyards were more diverse, some focusing on non‐native ornamental flowers and others favoring native plants. The cohesiveness of the respective groups was partly an artifact of our sampling strategy. The Macedonian and Vietnamese migrants shared an affinity for productive, humanized landscapes that reflected their rural, subsistence backgrounds and crossed over into their attitudes toward the broader environment and national parks. The rural and village backgrounds help explain why intensive backyard food production has broken down among the next generation in (sub)urban Australia, becoming part of heritage rather than everyday practice. 相似文献
7.
基于主观心理视角的游客环境行为意愿影响因素研究——以西溪国家湿地公园为例 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以公众环境行为 “价值-信念-规范”理论（VBN）以及计划行为论（TPB）为基本借鉴理论,融合旅游活动特性,构建游客环境行为意愿影响因素模型,以西溪国家湿地公园为案例地,以结构方程方法进行数据分析验证理论模型。研究发现：游客环境行为意愿受到特定环境态度、感知行为控制以及旅游地意象3方面因素的直接影响,其中特定环境态度的影响最突出,感知行为控制次之,旅游地意象略弱;主观规范作为中介变量在受到环境价值观影响的同时作用于游客特定的环境态度与感知行为控制;旅游地意象要素直接影响特定环境态度与游客环境行为意愿。 相似文献
8.
9.
Amit Birenboim Martin Dijst Floortje E. Scheepers Maartje P. Poelman Marco Helbich 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):449-461
Advances in commercial wearable devices are increasingly facilitating the collection and analysis of everyday physiological data. This article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of using such ambulatory devices for the detection of episodic changes in physiological signals as a marker for mental state in outdoor environments. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using commercial wearables in combination with location tracking technologies. The study measured physiological signals for fifteen participants, including heart rate, heart rate variability, and skin conductance. Participants’ signals were recorded during an outdoor walk that was tracked using a Global Positioning System logger. The walk was designed to pass through various types of environments including green, blue, and urban spaces, as well as a more stressful road crossing. The data that were obtained were used to demonstrate how biosensor information can be contextualized and enriched using location information. Significant episodic changes in physiological signals under real-world conditions were detectable in the stressful road crossing but not in the other types of environments. The article concludes that despite challenges and limitations of current off-the-shelf wearables, the utilization of these devices offers novel opportunities for evaluating episodic changes in physiological signals as a marker for mental state during everyday activities including in outdoor environments. Key Words: electrodermal activity, GPS, mental state, stress, wearable. 相似文献
10.
土壤制图中多目标属性的环境因子及其尺度选择——以黑龙江鹤山农场为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究影响不同土壤属性空间分布的协同环境因子及其作用尺度,对于理解不同土壤属性的成土发展、土壤推测制图及针对多种土壤属性的空间采样设计具有重要意义。针对多种土壤属性,探索不同土壤属性的重要相关环境因子及其作用尺度,并就不同环境因子及其尺度的不同对土壤属性推测制图的影响展开研究。以黑龙江省鹤山农场为研究区,以表层砂粒、粉粒、黏粒、有机质含量和土壤厚度5种土壤属性为研究对象,根据计算邻域窗口大小的不同,生成173个不同尺度的地形因子,对单尺度地形因子和多尺度地形因子进行重要性排序,并根据重要性排序构建单尺度环境因子集1和多尺度环境因子集2,和基于专家知识选出的基准环境因子集3进行制图精度的对比。结果表明：当单尺度地形因子进行重要性排序选择时,所选出的5种土壤属性的重要相关环境因子与基准环境因子集3明显不同。当多尺度环境因子参与时,尽管对各土壤属性的作用尺度不同,各土壤属性排名靠前的因子绝大多数是基准环境因子。砂粒和粉粒的重要相关因子及作用尺度相当,但与黏粒的重要相关因子和作用尺度差别很大,有机质和土壤厚度的重要相关因子十分相似。环境因子集2较基准环境因子集3的制图精度显著提高,RMSE均值提高百分比为7.8%~21.3%,较环境因子集1的制图RMSE均值提高百分比为8.7%~16.5%。因此,针对不同的土壤属性进行制图或采样设计时,需充分考虑其环境因子和作用尺度的不同,针对基准环境因子选择适宜的尺度较选择不同的相关环境因子更重要。 相似文献
11.
A. Millán J. Velasco C. Gutiérrez-Cánovas P. Arribas F. Picazo D. Sánchez-Fernández P. Abellán 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(12):1352-1359
Many Mediterranean streams in arid and semiarid areas are naturally saline systems due to the presence of evaportic rocks of Miocene or Triassic origin. Despite the fact that these aquatic ecosystems are rare in Europe, they are common in southeast of Spain. The environmental constraints of these semiarid saline streams are imposed by both geological and climatic conditions. This paper is a compilation and summary of the principal results obtained from various studies on semiarid saline streams in the Iberian southeast. Available data for these typical environments in the region covers diverse issues such as those regarding their physical and chemical features, typology, biodiversity, community structure and ecosystem functioning, as well as different ecological and evolutionary aspects of their biota (e.g. ecophysiological responses, life cycles and phylogeography). Issues concerning the conservation of these habitats, such as the main human uses, impacts, threats and their management are also summarised. Finally, topics in need of further research are provided. The current knowledge of saline streams in southeastern Spain highlights the physical and ecological singularity of these environments, and their high conservation value. Saline streams are particularly interesting due to their halotolerant/halophilic biota and high number of rare and endemic species. 相似文献
12.
金藻孢囊是金藻生殖过程的特有产物,在淡水环境中广泛存在,其硅质外壳易在沉积物中保存。金藻孢囊的孔、领、环带以及表面纹饰特征是其鉴定分类的主要依据。金藻孢囊对水环境变化响应敏感,因而被广泛应用于水环境变化研究中,包括古温度和古水文重建、水体富营养化和酸化评估等领域。已有的研究主要集中在北美和欧洲地区,其他区域研究相对较少。相比于其他生物指标,金藻孢囊鉴定相对复杂,不利于其广泛应用。因此,未来应优化金藻孢囊鉴定分类方法,提高鉴定统计效率。其次,加强金藻孢囊的现代过程调查,尤其在欧洲和北美以外的地区,以揭示全球不同地区金藻孢囊多样性及其生态属性。在此基础上,加强金藻孢囊在泥炭地环境演变、生物地理学等研究领域的应用。 相似文献
13.
村镇建设类型划分的理论与方法研究——以江苏省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
村镇地区是多要素组合的地域单元,由于区位条件复杂多样,资源禀赋差异明显,村镇建设具有多元发展路径。基于资源环境承载力视角,构建了“压力-状态-响应”框架下的村镇建设分类指标体系,采用单向优势指标和复合指标相对优势判断相结合的划定方法,综合考虑国家和省级功能区划、协调乡镇周边区域功能并衔接省国土空间发展战略,以乡镇为分析单元,建立了省级村镇建设分类综合方案,并以江苏省为案例进行村镇建设类型划分研究。研究结果发现,江苏省仅有29.61%的乡镇为明显的单一建设类型,村镇建设的综合性发展态势明显;村镇建设类型具有明显的地域差异,苏北地区主要以居住类乡镇和生态类乡镇为主,苏中地区种植类乡镇和养殖类乡镇居多,苏南地区则集聚了商旅类和工业类乡镇。以此为基础提出不同村镇建设类型的资源环境承载力提升策略。 相似文献
14.
依据自我决定理论,构建以自我决定动机为中介变量、地方依恋为调节变量的调节中介模型,旨在从心理动机层面探讨旅游者生态价值观影响其环境责任行为的作用机制和边界条件。研究发现:生态价值观对内部和外部动机均有显著正向影响,并通过内部和外部动机进一步正向影响旅游者环境责任行为;地方依恋对生态价值观与内部动机之间的关系有显著正向调节作用。在制定景区生态环境保护和可持续发展策略时,应考虑利用旅游者生态价值观、地方依恋和自我决定动机的多层作用关系,以激发旅游者环境责任行为。 相似文献
15.
新型全球化与流动性背景下知识移民研究：议题与展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过CiteSpace可视化分析和文献分析,重点评述当前国外地理学对知识移民研究的主要脉络和议题,发现：① 国外对于知识移民研究相对细化,早期主要是教育地理学对于青年知识留学生迁移的系统研究,以及经济地理学对于知识移民及知识转移与全球城市发展关系的系列研究;② 新世纪以来,社会文化地理和人口地理学者开始关注知识移民的跨国和跨地方流动,并对其过程中的身份认同与经济社会文化资本、跨地方关系网络、流动过程和特征等议题进行了探讨;③ 新型全球化尤其是全球南方国家经济崛起的背景下,知识移民与城市创新发展、以及回流移民（包括北南移民）现象越来越得到学者的重视,移民政策和移民-城市关系成为重要关注点。 相似文献
16.
Kelly Biedenweg 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(3):362-376
Simple frameworks that generalize the best metrics of human well-being related to the natural environment have rarely been empirically tested for their representativeness across diverse regions. This study tested the hypothesis that metrics of human well-being related to environmental change are context specific by identifying priority human well-being indicators in distinct regions. The research team interviewed 61 experts and held 8 stakeholder workshops across 3 regions to identify and prioritize locally relevant indicators. Results from the three regions were compared to determine the degree of geographic and demographic variability in indicator priorities. The team found broadly similar domains and attributes of human well-being across the regions, yet measurable indicators were specific to the contexts. Despite this, the congruence of overarching domains suggests that a high-level framework of human well-being can guide a holistic assessment of the human impacts of environmental change across diverse regions. 相似文献
17.
The Eighth International Symposium on Permafrost Engineering was held in Xi’an,China,October 2009.The major topics discussed in the symposium included:permafrost engineering (involving design,construction and evaluation);mitigation of frost hazards in the regions affected by seasonally frozen ground;properties of frozen soils,model development and their applications;frost hazards and periglacial environments in mountain and plateau regions;climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes;and permafrost hydrology,cold regions water resources and land uses.The papers submitted to the symposium and lectures during the meeting represented some new developments of research on cold region engineering and environment.Here we summarized the works of the symposium in topics including:Permafrost engineering;General geocryology;Properties of frozen soils:model development and their applications;And climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes.During the symposium,the attendees pointed out that future studies should pay more attention to theoretical study and engineering mechanism study,and also on interaction between climate change and cold region environments and their engineering affects. 相似文献
18.
边缘型地区旅游发展的居民环境认同与旅游支持——以泸沽湖景区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
边缘型地区旅游开发较晚,因生态环境和经济环境比较脆弱,容易受到来自现代化各种因素的影响,环境认同与边缘型地区旅游发展的支持具有相关性,并且环境认同也会影响居民对旅游影响的态度,进而影响旅游支持度。以泸沽湖为例,采用封闭式问卷调查法与结构式访谈法收集居民环境认同、旅游影响的态度和旅游支持的资料,并对数据进行回归分析。结果发现边缘型地区旅游地居民的环境认同较高,对旅游发展持相对谨慎的态度;边缘型地区居民的旅游支持还取决于居民对旅游积极影响的态度,而不是对消极影响的态度;居民对旅游的文化积极影响关注度略大于旅游经济影响。因此,边缘型地区的旅游发展要避免一些核心地区旅游发展过程中的环境破坏、过度商业化等问题,以环境保护为前提,以旅游利益共享为原则,统筹规划,实现旅游可持续发展。 相似文献
19.
环境伦理观与可持续旅游行为研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
环境伦理观是促进人与环境和谐发展的核心理念,对可持续旅游行为具有积极的指导作用。本文通过对中英文主流数据库期刊的文献回顾,对环境伦理观的理论内涵、影响因素以及环境伦理观对可持续旅游行为的影响进行系统梳理。结果表明：环境伦理观的概念体系主要包括环境道德、环境情感和环境信念三要素。现有研究往往不区分环境道德和环境信念,对环境情感的度量往往缺乏统一标准,导致研究结果不一致。对环境伦理观具有直接影响力的是价值观理论,社会文化因素、宗教因素、教育水平、媒体和广告影响、政策、国内和国际移民经历等因素也有一定的作用。西方对环境伦理观与可持续旅游行为进行了大量的定性和定量研究,而国内以概念性研究居多,既有研究中往往仅关注旅游中的环境行为,对可持续旅游行为关注较少,缺乏对这一特定行为的概念界定,因此,未来应在以下几个方面加强研究：①对环境伦理观理论内涵的度量;②对环境伦理观影响因素的研究;③对可持续旅游行为的界定和度量;④文化因素对于环境伦理观和可持续旅游行为的影响;⑤运用定量和定性研究方法探求环境伦理观对可持续旅游行为的作用机理和影响,为促进生态文明建设提供理论支撑和实证研究。 相似文献
20.
Food is essential for human survival, but harmful, toxic substances in food damage and threaten human health. Food production is inseparable from the place where the food is produced; that is, from the geographical environment that consists of natural and human environments, two parts of a unified whole. China’s territory is vast and its geographical environment is complex and diverse. Food production patterns in different parts of the country vary significantly, as do local socio-economic and cultural conditions. Such differences have an enormous impact on food safety. Based on the geographical area where food is produced in China, this paper reveals the main environmental problems arising from industrial and agricultural production activities, and related risks for food safety and health. In concluding, we make some recommendations for countermeasures. The main food safety related environmental problems include the excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides; high background levels of heavy metals; discharge of wastewater and heavy metals; and excessive use of additives and antibiotics in livestock and poultry breeding and aquatic products. All these issues can lead to huge risks for food safety and thus health. These are not simply scientific issues, but also political, economic and legal issues, as well as social problems that differ from region to region. Therefore, comprehensive studies are needed to identify risks to food safety and health hazards in different areas. Systematic and comprehensive risk assessments of health problems caused by changing ecosystems, environmental pollution, nutrition problems and lifestyle, and especially comprehensive risk assessments of regional environmental changes and health risks are needed. Measures based on an understanding of local conditions must be put forward to protect food safety and health, to strengthen multi-sectoral management, and to improve environmental quality 相似文献