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1.
改革开放以来香港生产性服务业对广州同行业的影响 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
香港的生产性服务业发展水平高于广州,广州的生产性服务业发展处于香港同行业的发展阴影区内。本文从实证调查入手,通过对生产性服务企业和制造业企业的分析,指出香港的生产性服务业对广州同行业发展的负面影响不大,并从供给和需求角度分析了其中的原因。进一步地,根据区域发展的需求、市场需求的层次差异以及穗港生产性服务业的发展水平,提出了穗港生产性服务业的协调互补发展思路。 相似文献
2.
The Yangtze River is the third largest river in the world and the longest and largest river in China.China has adopted a national strategy to protect the Yangtze River.A better understanding of the ecosystem services value along the Yangtze River would provide support for the Yangtze River protection strategy.Using Costanza’s method to estimate the ecosystem services value,the value of 10 ecosystem services was estimated within 1 km and 2 km from the Yangtze River in 2017.These 10 services were derived from the four established groupings of provisioning,regulating,supporting,and cultural services.This study compared and analyzed the changes in the ecosystem services value in the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the river,and in provinces,cities,and villages along the Yangtze River.The total ecosystem services value within 1 km and 2 km from the river was 37.208 and 43.769 billion yuan,respectively.Within 1 km,the ecosystem services value in the middle reaches was 12.93 billion yuan,while the next highest value was in the upper reaches at 12.45 billion yuan,and the downstream area had the smallest value of 11.855 billion yuan.Within 2 km,the value of upstream ecosystem services was the highest at 16.31 billion yuan,while the second highest value was in the middle reaches at 14.376 billion yuan,and the smallest value was in the downstream area at 13.083 billion yuan.In the Yangtze River Basin,regulating services played a leading role,accounting for 81.6%and 78.9%of the ecosystem services value within 1 km and 2 km from the river,respectively.Among the 10 ecosystem services,hydrological regulation was the most important,while the value of raw material production made the smallest contribution.Among the provinces and cities along the Yangtze River,the highest ecosystem services value was in Hubei Province,while the lowest values were in Shanghai and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.If villages within 1 km and 2 km from the river were to be relocated,the total regional ecological value would increase by 527 and 975 million yuan,respectively. 相似文献
3.
广州信息密集服务业的空间发展及其对城市地域结构的影响 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
采用第三产业普查资料,深入分析了改革开放以来广州信息密集服务业的发展水平,空间发展特征和原因及其对城市地域结构的影响,揭示了信息密集服务业发展与城市地域运动的关系。 相似文献
4.
The fact that ecosystem services have values that can be quantified has been widely accepted in recent years. Part of the economic values of ecosystem services have been realized partly by ecological compensation of fiscal transfer payments at different levels, trade and consumption of leisure tourism and ecological products, and carbon sequestration forest funds sponsored by non-governmental capital. However, it remains difficult to realize the economic value of ecosystem services as industrial products and support the coordinated and sustainable development of nature, economy and society. To reveal the role of ecological compensation, consumption of biological products, leisure tourism and ecosystem services trading in realizing the economic values of ecosystem services, we analyzed the composition, transfer and consumption pattern of ecosystem services. In order to provide theoretical and technological support for inter-regional ecological compensation, ecosystem service industry development and ecosystem services trade, the concept of ecosystem services credit and key problems with ecosystem services trading are proposed. 相似文献
5.
生态系统服务价值评估理论框架与生态补偿实践 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
生态系统服务价值评估是生态系统保护和管理的基础。近年来很多研究对不同尺度和类型的生态系统服务价值进行了评估, 有效地增强了人类对生态系统服务及其与人类福祉关系的认识。但其中一些研究的生态系统服务价值评估结果偏离实际较多, 对生态补偿等生态系统管理实践作用有限。因此需要继续深入探讨生态系统服务价值评估的理论框架, 为客观认识生态系统服务价值提供科学的理论依据。基于上述考虑, 本文在已有研究基础上, 综合考虑了各框架的优点, 总结出完整的生态系统服务价值评估理论框架, 并强调了评估的经济学基础、研究尺度及利益相关者问题。该理论框架要求以人类的支付意愿(Wish To Pay, WTP)为基本原则对生态系统服务进行合理估价, 并将各项服务的具体价值分配到不同尺度的利益相关者。这可以增强价值评估结果的应用价值和可操作性, 为生态补偿标准及对象的确定提供指导性帮助。 相似文献
6.
近年来,全球及区域生态系统服务均呈现出快速变化趋势,分析研究生态系统服务变化的驱动机制有助于精准模拟未来生态系统服务情景,进而服务于生态系统管理决策的科学制定。虽然已有部分研究探讨了土地利用或气候变化对生态系统服务的影响,但生态系统服务变化的驱动机理与应对策略亟待全面揭示。为此,该文回顾总结了国内外关于生态系统服务变化驱动机制的研究成果,并分析归纳了生态系统服务变化的主要驱动因子与未来模拟技术,结果发现:(1)土地利用与气候变化是造成生态系统服务变化的主要因素,且相互作用共同驱动生态系统服务的变化;(2)生态系统服务变化的单影响因子识别取得较大进展,但多种影响因子的交互作用及其在生态服务变化中贡献亟需清晰分解;(3)基于遥感与气候模型的多情景模拟是预测未来生态系统服务变化的主要手段,但需要科学模拟多因素交互作用下的综合影响及其应对途径;(4)未来研究应加强人类活动对生态系统服务影响的分解与模拟,研发区域生态系统服务对重大生态工程的时空响应与探测技术,以科学指导区域生态保护建设与规划布局。 相似文献
7.
西方国家城市公共服务设施供给理论及研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
城市公共服务设施是城市社会性服务业的依托载体,是指城市中呈点状分布并服务于社会大众的教育、医疗、文体、商业等社会性基础设施。西方国家城市公共服务设施供给理论及研究主题可以分为三个阶段。二战后至20世纪70年代,基于公共物品理论,确立社会公共服务的政府单中心供给模式,城市公共服务设施的布局区位、供给效率是研究重点：70年代至90年代,从公共服务的双主体联合供给理论出发,探讨城市公共服务设施供给的空间公平;90年代以来,在公共服务多元化供给理论基础上,从社会结构视角深层次研究公共服务设施供给的空间可达性差异及社会空间分异。 相似文献
8.
为深入探究高铁与生产性服务业空间集散间的关系,论文以长三角城市群为研究区域,基于2002—2017年26个地级及以上城市高铁运营数据和城市经济数据,通过多期双重差分模型的静态视角和动态双重差分模型的动态视角考察高速铁路对生产性服务业及其细分行业的空间集聚效应。结果表明：① 高铁效应与城市高铁发展水平密切相关,受时空压缩和客运组织的综合影响。对生产性服务业而言,静态层面上,高铁显著促进生产性服务业向沿线城市集聚;动态层面上,高速铁路对生产性服务业空间集聚效应具有显著的阶段性和滞后性,且作用强度随高铁网络化逐年增强。② 高铁影响下生产性服务业细分行业空间组织趋于差异化,其中研发设计业为“高显著促进型”产业,信息服务业和金融服务业为“中显著促进型”产业,运输服务业、节能与环保服务业、生产性租赁服务与商务服务业为“高显著抑制型”产业,高铁对批发与贸易经纪代理服务业影响不显著。③ 高铁对生产性服务业细分行业动态效应具有显著行业异质性和阶段性,这一阶段性特征与高铁对生产性服务业整体的动态效应保持相对一致;具有相同静态特征的产业在高铁影响下表现出相同的动态空间特征。 相似文献
9.
HUANG Mengdong XIAO Yu XU Jie LIU Jingya WANG Yangyang GAN Shuang LV Shixuan XIE Gaodi 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(5):925-935
Research on spatial flow as it relates to the relationship between the supply and demand of ecosystem services supports a significant connection between the supply of ecosystem services and human well-being. Understanding the entire process of the production and flow, as well as the use of ecosystem services, accurately assessing the balance of supply and demand of ecosystem services, and establishing a two-way feedback relationship between supply and demand are vital for the scientific management of the ecosystem and ensuring the sustainable development of regional resources. Based on a large number of relevant publications, this paper comprehensively summarizes the concepts and assessment methods of ecosystem service supply and demand from the perspective of ecosystem service supply and demand, and discusses the impacts of land use and climate change on the temporal and spatial changes of ecosystem services under the background of global change. Then, an analysis of the research progress in the ecosystem services spatial flow indicated that there are still deficiencies in the quantification of cultural services, the dynamics of ecosystem service flow and the driving mechanism of ecosystem services. We also propose that clarifying the driving mechanism and transfer process of ecosystem services, and realizing the mutual conversion between different spatial-temporal scales of ecosystem services, is an important approach for improving the application of ecosystem services research in practice in the future. 相似文献
10.
11.
A.J. Castro B. Martín-LópezM. García-LLorente P.A. AguileraE. López J. Cabello 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(11):1201-1208
The valuation of ecosystem services has primarily been conducted within the context of the economic value of these services to society. Ecosystem services research has since advanced to identify conflicts of interest between different sectors of society while prioritizing conservation actions. This approach can be important in semiarid ecosystems, where biodiversity conservation can be hindered by a lack of community awareness. In the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula, conservation is perceived by society as a barrier to the economic development provided by agricultural or tourism activities. We use the contingent valuation method to identify community perception and economic values of different ecosystem services provided by semiarid ecosystems in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. This method identifies the perceptions of individuals benefiting from ecosystem services and examines their willingness to pay for the maintaining of these ecosystem services. Results showed that most respondents recognized the importance of services to human well-being and were willing to conserve these services. Preferences for maintaining water and air quality showed that respondents understood the relationship between the conservation of ecosystem services and local well-being. However, responses varied greatly across categories of beneficiaries; this finding highlights a potential conflict of interest that should be considered in any decision-making processes. 相似文献
12.
从Google Maps看我国全球化地理信息服务面临的挑战和对策 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
以Google Maps为代表的地图服务的推出预示着全球化地理信息服务的开始。IT领域竞争市场的形成、高分辨率卫星影像的应用及Web地理信息服务开发平台的实现是全球化地理信息服务的主要趋势。面对全球化地理信息服务发展机遇,我国面临地理数据库建设、地理信息市场社会化与地理信息区域均衡发展的严峻挑战。在分析我国地理信息服务面临挑战的基础上,从数字化建设、地理信息服务市场培育、卫星遥感技术商业化发展3方面提出我国地理信息服务发展的对策与建议。 相似文献
13.
Using the method of Constanza R, the annual value of ecosystem services of Macao was 3.302×106 US dollars in 1983, equivalent to 26.5250×106 MOP, when using the currently monetary valuation. The annual value of ecosystem services of Macao was 8.3340×106 US dollars in 2002, equal to 66.9472×106 MOP. The total globe annual value of ecosystem services was 3.3268×1013 US dollars in 1997, i.e., about 5,544.7 US dollars per capita. In Macao, the annual value of ecosystem services was only 18.8 US dollars per capita. The average ecosystem service per capita was 0.35% of the world average level. Comparing to the globe average ecosystem services level per capita, the deficit of ecosystem services of Macao is 2.44×109 US dollars for Macao population, which would require 1,069 km2 estuary to complement to the deficit, i.e., about 38 times of Macao to provide ecosystem services to reach the average level of world. 相似文献
14.
Climate warming and economic developments have created pressures on the ecological systems that human populations rely on, and this process has contributed to the degradation of ecosystems and the loss of ecosystem services. In this study, Landsat satellite data were chosen as the data source and the Koshi River Basin (KB) in the central high Himalayas as the study area. Changes in land cover and changes in the value of ecosystem services between 1990 and 2010 were analyzed and the land cover pattern of the KB in 2030 and 2050 was modeled using the CA-Markov model. Changes in land cover and in the value of ecosystem services in the KB for the period 2010-2050 were then analyzed. The value of ecosystem services in the KB was found to decrease by 2.05×108 USD y-1 between 1990 and 2010. Among these results, the services value of forest, snow/glacier and barren area decreased, while that of cropland increased. From 1990 to 2050, forest showed the largest reduction in ecosystem services value, as much as 11.87×108 USD y-1, while cropland showed the greatest increase, by 3.05×108 USD y-1. Deforestation and reclamation in Nepal contributed to a reduction in the value of ecosystem services in the KB. Barren areas that were transformed into water bodies brought about an increase in ecosystem services value in the lower reaches of the Koshi River. In general, this process is likely to be related to increasing human activity in the KB. 相似文献
15.
生态系统服务对人类福祉的影响研究对于分析区域生态系统的社会贡献及有效减贫等方面具有重要的理论与实践意义。本文以地处黄土丘陵沟壑区的陕西省米脂县为例,在整合主客观人类福祉的基础上,基于生态系统服务可得性评估,利用结构方程模型定量分析了生态系统服务对人类福祉的影响及其群体差异。结果如下：① 生态系统服务对客观福祉和主观福祉具有显著正向影响,并通过客观福祉对主观福祉产生间接影响。农户属性对生态系统服务和客观福祉直接效应显著,对主观福祉直接效应不显著。② 生态系统服务对人类福祉的影响存在群体差异,纯农型与兼业型的服务可得性对客观福祉直接效应显著,而非农型不显著;纯农型与兼业型的服务可得性对主观福祉的直接效应明显大于非农型,且非农型间接效应不显著;非农型客观福祉对主观福祉的影响明显高于纯农型与兼业型。③ 生态系统服务对人类福祉影响的因子贡献与服务组合存在群体差异,即三类群体生态系统服务对福祉影响的差异不仅体现在服务类型及影响程度上,还体现在服务组合的差异上。 相似文献
16.
国际上通常认可邓宁的折衷理论作为解释外商直接投资的范式,但是该范式主要是针对制造业外商直接投资提出,并不完全适用于服务业外商直接投资.随着服务业外商投资比重的日益扩大,对于服务业外资的研究成为经济学、管理学和地理学研究的热点.本文结合国际投资理论和贸易理论综述了国际上关于服务业外商直接投资区位理论的理论发展,分析了服务业外商直接投资的特点和国际化模型,比较了服务业与制造业外商直接投资的差异,探讨了服务业外商直接投资的决定因素,描绘了在华服务业外商直接投资研究现状,并展望了服务业外商直接投资的研究动向. 相似文献
17.
鄱阳湖湖区核心生态系统服务功能空间辨识 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据千年生态系统评估提出的评估概念框架,考察鄱阳湖湖区生态系统服务功能的形成机理,构建了鄱阳湖湖区生态系统服务功能表征指标体系,并利用多主题1km栅格成分数据模型,采用主成分分析法提取了鄱阳湖湖区核心生态系统服务功能综合表征指标。在此基础上,通过空间聚类分析,形成了鄱阳湖湖区生态系统服务功能分区,实现了各分区单元上生态系统服务功能的空间辨识。研究结果表明,鄱阳湖湖区核心生态系统服务功能包括了支持功能、供给功能、调节功能和文化功能,它们在空间上的排列组合形成了鄱阳湖湖区的10个生态系统服务功能分区,本文辨识了鄱阳湖湖区精细栅格水平上核心生态系统服务功能之间的差异及其空间分异特征。本研究提出的生态系统服务功能分区及其空间辨识方案,为鄱阳湖湖区生态系统服务功能的开发与保育提供决策参考信息。 相似文献
18.
基于EG模型的北京都市区生产性服务业地理集中研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
刘惠敏 《地理与地理信息科学》2007,23(2):56-60
生产性服务业在都市区呈现集中分布状态，由于缺少统一理论指导和有效的分析工具及方法，长期以来有关生产性服务业地理集中的文献相对较少，且多局限于描述性分析。利用EG指数方法对北京都市区生产性服务业的地理集中及其集中根源进行实证检验。结果表明，在对空间集中进行了严格界定后，北京都市区层面的生产性服务业仍然是集中的，并且这种集中很大程度上是由聚集力量引起的，而非厂商随机选址的结果。 相似文献
19.
Sven Illeris 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):120-131
Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 97: 120–131, 1997. The location of services in the Copenhagen region is described and analyzed. Six types of services are distinguished: Local private and public services, serving the daily needs of the population, e.g. retailing, have suburbanized, closely following the distribution of population, though with a time-lag. The same goes for services which serve more special needs, e, g, hospitals. Among producer services, some remain in the centre of Copenhagen, e.g. lawyer firms, partly for historical reasons, partly to minimize costs of face-to-face contacts with business partners. But contrary to traditional theory, most producer services are suburbanizing, mainly in order to find large sites and to improve their accessibility for cars. Some have shifted to the western suburbs to reduce costs (back offices) or to be close to the traffic arteries which connect Copenhagen with the rest of Denmark (wholesaling). Business services, e.g. engineering consultants, have primarily moved to the northern, amenity-rich suburbs, for reasons of prestige and of proximity to their high-status labour force. Still other services have located in a more hap-hazard way where they could find large areas, e.g. the airport and military establishments. 相似文献
20.
塔里木盆地北缘绿洲土地利用与生态系统服务价值的时空变化研究——以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
生态系统服务价值的研究是目前生态学研究的热点之一。应用Costanza生态系统服务价值计算公式,采用谢高地等人的中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表,分析了1996—2004年渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲土地利用的时空变化,并计算由此导致的生态系统服务价值及其结构的时空变化,结果表明:①1996—2004年,渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲总ESV增加,但生态系统服务价值结构变化较大,生态系统提供某些单项服务的功能相对减弱。②1996—2004年,原材料服务功能价值比例上升最多,废物处理服务功能价值比例下降最多。③1996—2004年,渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲各县生态系统服务价值结构都发生了不同程度的变化。库车县、沙雅县、新和县水源涵养、废物处理、娱乐休闲服务功能价值比例均减少,其中水源涵养服务功能价值比例下降最多。④敏感性分析表明,ESV对生态价值系数缺乏弹性,研究结果可信,说明本研究采用的谢高地生态价值系数是合理的。 相似文献