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《地理与地理信息科学》2020,(4)
通过遥感技术反演气溶胶光学厚度,对于全面、动态监测大气污染时空变化具有科学价值和实践意义。基于我国新一代静止气象卫星FY4A获取的2018年4-10月AGRI蓝光波段数据,以京津冀地区为研究区,在交叉辐射定标基础上,利用深蓝算法开展气溶胶光学厚度反演研究,并将反演结果与相近时刻的MODIS气溶胶产品进行对比分析。结果表明:FY4AAGRI蓝光波段反演的气溶胶光学厚度与MODIS产品在空间分布上具有较好的一致性,且AGRI图像反演结果能够更好地反映气溶胶光学厚度的空间分布细节,其中AGRI传感器蓝光波段辐射定标精度、与MODIS成像时刻角度差异、地表反射率准确性等是影响AGRI气溶胶光学厚度反演精度的主要因素。 相似文献
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基于MODIS高分辨率气溶胶反演的ETM+影像大气校正 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对陆地遥感影像,提出一种利用MODIS遥感数据反演高分辨率气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)进行大气效应校正的方法.采用地基和MODIS卫星遥感结合的方法确定气溶胶模型,通过暗目标法确定地表反射率,反演得到1 km高分辨率的气溶胶光学厚度分布.将反演的气溶胶与地面太阳光度计观测值进行对比验证发现,其相对误差小于10%,反演精度很高.将得到的气溶胶参数带入辐射传输模型中,对当天同地区的Landsat ETM+数据进行大气校正试验,结果表明,该方法反演得到的气溶胶参数可以对遥感图像进行有效的大气效应校正.与试验区同步观测地表反射率对比发现,经过大气校正后的ETM+光谱明显比校正前更接近真实地表光谱,从而更有助于地物真实光谱信息的提取及其识别研究. 相似文献
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高反射率地区气溶胶光学厚度遥感反演:现状及展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
气溶胶在地球大气辐射收支平衡和全球气候变化中扮演着重要的角色。利用卫星数据反 演水体、浓密植被等暗背景上空的气溶胶光学厚度已经达到了较高的精度, 而对于干旱、半干旱 以及城市等高反射率地区, 气溶胶光学厚度反演仍面临严峻挑战。高反射率地区气溶胶光学厚度 反演的困难主要是地表反射率的确定精度较低; 气溶胶的指示作用随着地表反射率的升高而降 低。为精确反演高反射率地区的气溶胶光学厚度, 国内外开展了大量的研究工作。本文介绍了对 比算法、高反差地表法等几种主要的反演方法, 介绍了这些方法的理论基础, 指出了它们的优势 与不足, 并分析了高反射率地区气溶胶光学厚度反演的发展前景。 相似文献
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由于沙尘气溶胶散射和吸收机制的复杂性,目前还没有成熟的可应用于沙尘天气的大气长波辐射反演算法。通过对比分析常见的沙尘、城市、乡村、海洋气溶胶对大气长波辐射强迫和MODIS通道辐亮度影响的基础上,提出利用气溶胶光学参数对线性模型进行修正,构建了适用于沙尘气溶胶条件下的大气长波辐射估算模型,并利用黑河流域4个观测站点(花寨子荒漠站、混合林站、黑河遥感站和张掖湿地站)实测数据对模型的应用能力进行检验。结果表明：4个站点遥感反演的大气长波辐射均方误差为17.1～20.4 W·m-2,偏差为-12.3～-1.8 W·m-2。由于考虑了沙尘气溶胶的光学厚度变化和辐射强迫效应,修正后的模型可显著提高沙尘气溶胶影响下大气下行辐射的反演精度,减少长波辐射应用中的不确定性,对干旱区地表能量收支研究提供了重要参考。 相似文献
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基于多源数据的内蒙古中东部积雪厚度研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
积雪作为气候系统中重要的环境影响因素受到了普遍的重视,特别是在高纬度、高海拔地区,积雪面积和积雪厚度是积雪研究的两个重要因子。利用2010年11月8日、14日和25日三天的MODIS L1B数据,根据在可见光波段,地表、云和雪在该波段的反射率都比较高的特点,计算得出的积雪覆盖面积空间分布图。积雪深度受降雪量、坡度、坡向等多因素的影响表现为不连续分布,单纯利用气象监测站点无法获得积雪厚度的空间连续分布,而遥感影像也受到局地特征的影响而精度不够。因此,首先基于经验公式,利用MODIS L1B数据计算了积雪覆盖面积,在此基础上,基于气象监测点的积雪深度数据和MODIS L1B波段的相关性,选择影像数据的最优通道,通过建立多波段的积雪深度回归模型,并且对积雪深度进行空间连续插值,通过将模拟的积雪深度与监测点插值结果进行对比,发现统计回归的方法有效的提高了积雪深度、覆盖度等雪情监测信息精度。 相似文献
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K-T变换在监测小麦地表参数中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用K-T变换提取TM和MODIS遥感影像的绿度、湿度分量,在不同的分辨率尺度下监测小麦覆盖地表参数:土壤湿度(Ms)、等效水厚度(EWT)和叶面积指数(LAI),并与NDVI(归一化植被指数)、NDWI(归一化水分指数)和EVI(增强植被指数)监测结果比较.湿度分量监测Ms效果更好,TM和MODIS遥感影像反演精度分别为6.08%、7.37%(RMSE),相关系数R2分别为0.49、0.31,基于绿度和湿度分量建立土壤湿度多元线性回归反演模型,利用TM影像反演土壤湿度RMSE为4.91%,反演土壤湿度和实测土壤湿度R2达0.63;绿度分量监测EWT效果更好,TM和MODIS遥感影像反演精度分别为0.37 kg/m2、0.43 kg/m2,R2分别为0.51、0.28;绿度分量反演LAI精度更好,TM和MODIS遥感影像反演精度分别为0.66、0.83,R2分别为0.64、0.35. 相似文献
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以粤港澳大湾区为例,利用卫星遥感资料结合大气化学模式模拟,分析2003―2018年城市热岛强度、气溶胶光学厚度的变化规律,定性和定量研究气溶胶对白天城市热岛强度的影响。结果表明：2003―2018年粤港澳大湾区城市热岛强度呈波动上升趋势,夏季热岛强度最大,冬季热岛强度最小;气溶胶光学厚度呈波动下降趋势,春季气溶胶光学厚度最大,冬季气溶胶光学厚度最小。在年际和季节尺度,城市热岛强度与城区、郊区气溶胶光学厚度之差均呈弱的正相关。基于WRF-Chem的模拟实验表明,气溶胶的存在导致城区、郊区地表向下总辐射减少、地表温度降低,且城区地表向下总辐射减少多于郊区、降温幅度大于郊区,进而导致了热岛强度减弱。气溶胶对城市热岛强度的贡献率为?2.187%,冬季贡献率绝对值略高于夏季。 相似文献
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选择西北干旱区城市乌鲁木齐市为研究区,利用MODIS气溶胶产品（AOD）数据和地面监测站PM2.5浓度数据进行相关性分析,结果表明：二者相关性良好,对AOD数据进行垂直订正和湿度订正后,发现相关性进一步提升（0.49～0.80,p<0.01）。对订正后AOD数据与地面PM2.5浓度进行建模并选取最优模型,结果均为一元三次模型且模型R2在0.27～0.69之间,其中春秋两季模型R2较高,夏季较低。对模型精度进行验证结果,显示春季与秋季模型精度良好,夏季较差,说明MODIS气溶胶光学厚度数据可以用于反演干旱区地面PM2.5浓度值,对卫星遥感在干旱区地面空气监测应用提供了新的方法和思路。 相似文献
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土壤盐渍化的遥感监测依赖于高时空分辨率影像,但受经费预算、卫星回访周期及天气的影响,高时空分辨率的遥感影像较难获取,这就限制了根据采样时间来获取对应时期遥感影像进行土壤盐渍化监测反演的应用。为此,提出融合MODIS和Landsat影像生成高时空分辨率影像来提取土壤盐渍化信息,为时空影像进行土壤盐渍化监测研究提供数据参考。以渭干河—库车河绿洲为研究区,利用增强型时空自适应融合率反射模型（Enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model,ESTARFM）和灵活的时空融合模型（Flexible spatiotemporal data fusion,FSDAF）,对MODIS和Landsat影像进行时空融合,并基于融合影像数据构建了关于土壤电导率（EC）的随机森林（RF）预测模型,对比分析时空融合影像应用于土壤盐渍化遥感监测的适用性。结果表明：ESTARFM融合影像的特征波段反射率与Landsat验证影像对应波段反射率一致性决定系数R2（Red）=0.8066、R2（SWIR2）=0.8444;FSDAF融合影像的特征波段与Landsat验证影像对应波段反射率一致性决定系数R2（Red）=0.6999、R2（SWIR2）=0.7493;基于ESTARFM融合影像构建的EC值预测模型精度最高,R2=0.9268,基于FSDAF融合影像构建的EC值预测模型精度良好,R2=0.8987,基于验证影像构建的EC值预测模型R2=0.9103; ESTARFM模型的融合精度高于FSDAF模型,并且基于融合影像构建的EC值预测模型效果良好。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1988,40(4):471-499
Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne . 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):488-489
Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns. Barbara Ruth Bailey. Food Politics: The Regional Conflict. David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey, eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World. R. Ballance, J. Ansari and H. Singer. Neighborhoods in Urban America. Ronald H. Bayor, ed. The English Heartland. By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale. Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy. Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande, eds. Tension Areas of the World. D. Gordon Bennett, ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey. B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet, eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem. Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas, eds. Energy and Land Use. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin, eds. Slopes and Weathering. Michael Clarke and John Small. Alaska's Rural Development. Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald McBeath, eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America. Galen Cranz. World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings. Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery, eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography. Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken. Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. T. Scarlett Epstein. South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development. T. J. D. Fair. Institutions and Geographical Patterns. Robin Flowerdew, ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas. Howard F. Gregor. Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s. Patsy Healy, Glen McDougall and Michael J. Thomas, eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. Jeffrey R. Henig. The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective. R. J. Johnston. Climate, History and the Modern World. Hubert H. Lamb. Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer. China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935. Ernest P. Liang. A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective. Robert S. Livingston, T. D. Anderson, T. M. Besmann, M. Olszewski, A. M. Perry, and C. D. West. Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille. B. S. Mac Aodha, ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility. Hal S. Maggied. Land Uses in American Cities. Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves. Industrial Organisation and Location. Philip McDermott and Michael Taylor. Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran. Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor. Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas, eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada: Urbanization and Environmental Quality. Isao Orishimo. The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest. Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke. Contest for the South China Sea. Marwyn S. Samuels. The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values. Richard C. Smardon, ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen. The Geography of Multinationals. Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift, eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society. Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester. Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham. Jerry A. Webman. Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Robert C. West, ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers. P. Yoeli. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1983,35(4):488-524
Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns . Barbara Ruth Bailey . Food Politics: The Regional Conflict . David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey , eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World . R. Ballance , J. Ansari and H. Singer . Neighborhoods in Urban America . Ronald H. Bayor , ed. The English Heartland . By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale . Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy . Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande , eds. Tension Areas of the World . D. Gordon Bennett , ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey . B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet , eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem . Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas , eds. Energy and Land Use . Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin , eds. Slopes and Weathering . Michael Clarke and John Small . Alaska's Rural Development . Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald Mc Beath , eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America . Galen Cranz . World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings . Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery , eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography . Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken . Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development . T. Scarlett Epstein . South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development . T. J. D. Fair . Institutions and Geographical Patterns . Robin Flowerdew , ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas . Howard F. Gregor . Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s . Patsy Healy , Glen Mc Dougall and Michael J. Thomas , eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response . Jeffrey R. Henig . The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective . R. J. Johnston . Climate, History and the Modern World . Hubert H. Lamb . Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man . T. M. L. Wigley , M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer . China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935 . Ernest P. Liang . A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective . Robert S. Livingston , T. D. Anderson , T. M. Besmann , M. Olszewski , A. M. Perry , and C. D. West . Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille . B. S. Mac Aodha , ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility . Hal S. Maggied . Land Uses in American Cities . Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves . Industrial Organisation and Location . Philip Mc Dermott and Michael Taylor . Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology . Emilio F. Moran . Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor . Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas , eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada : Urbanization and Environmental Quality . Isao Orishimo . The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise . John Prest . Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens . Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke . Contest for the South China Sea . Marwyn S. Samuels . The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values . Richard C. Smardon , ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen . The Geography of Multinationals . Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift , eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society . Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester . Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham . Jerry A. Webman . Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942 . Robert C. West , ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers . P. Yoeli . 相似文献
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《寒旱区科学》2014,(4):I0001-I0001
Permafrost engineering has been developing rapidly in recent years. Many projects have been undertaken with the latest technologies and show their importance in supporting regional social and economical development. For example, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been a milestone project in permafrost engineering. However, when designing and building infrastructures in cold regions, 相似文献
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HAYASHI Hiroaki 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2014,5(4):395-397
<正>1 Characteristics of Kunisaki GIAS and aims of this research Kunisaki GIAHS in the Kunisaki peninsula and Usa area,Oita,Japan,is a system where forestry,agricultural production,and fisheries are sustained by the strong connection between Sawtooth Oak forest,multiple interlinked irriga tion ponds,and Seto Inland Sea(Vafadari 2013a;2013b;Hayashi 2013).This area receive around 1,500 mm of annual precipitation with a 相似文献
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P. Guilizzoni A. Marchetto A. Lami N. G. Cameron P. G. Appleby N. L. Rose Ø. A. Schnell C. A. Belis A. Giorgis L. Guzzi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(3):245-264
A palaeoecological study of an oligotrophic alpine lake, Paione Superiore (Italy), provided a record of historical changes in water quality. Historical trends in lake acidification were reconstructed by means of calibration and regression equations from diatoms, chrysophycean scales and pigment ratios. The historical pH was inferred by using two different diatom calibration data sets, one specific to the alpine region. These pH trends, together with the record of sedimentary carbonaceous particles and chironomid remains, indicate a recent acidification of this low alkalinity lake.Concentration of total organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, biogenic silica (BSiO2), chlorophyll derivatives (CD), fucoxanthin, diatom cell concentration and number of chironomid head capsules increased during the last 2–3 decades. When expressed as accumulation rates, most of these parameters tended to decrease from the past century to c. 1950, then all except P increased to the present day. A marked increase in sedimentary nitrogen may be related to atmospheric pollution and to the general increases in output of N in Europe. High C/N ratios indicate a prevailing allochthonous source of organic matter.Finally, the increase in measured air temperature from the mid-1800's appeared to be related to lake water pH before industrialization: cold periods generally led to lower pH and vice-versa. The more recent phenomenon of anthropogenic acidification has apparently decoupled this climatic-water chemistry relationship. 相似文献
19.
K. F. Walker I. G. Dunn D. Edwards T. Petr H. Z. Yang 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(3):169-222
Quinghai Hu is a large, high-altitude, saline lake in north-western China, and supports a fishery based on an endemic species of naked carp (snow trout). The fish take seven years to attain maturity and a marketable weight of 300 g, and have a lifespan of 14–21 years under the present fishery regime. They seasonally migrate from the lake to spawn over the gravel beds of inflowing rivers, but these areas have been reduced by weirs and irrigation diversions and recruitment may have declined. The population may have been affected also by a 1.85-m fall in the lake level over the past 30 years, and by associated changes in salinity. The fishery was opened to large-scale exploitation in 1958. Yields declined sharply (max. 28,523 tonnes, 1960) as the larger, older fish were removed, and then more slowly (min. 2523 tonnes, 1983). Since 1987 the fish factory has been limited to an annual quota of 1200 tonnes, taken by a fleet of four pair trawlers. Another 800 tonnes are taken by licensed fishermen, mainly using gill nets, and perhaps 1000 tonnes are taken illegally. The estimated total catch in 1992 was 3000 tonnes. New trawlers introduced in 1989–90 substantially increased the factory's catch per unit effort, and in 1990 the quota was virtually filled in one month in a zone within 20 km of the factory. Although this could suggest that the stocks will be conserved if the quota is retained, at least half of the catch in 1989–92 consisted of immature individuals. Trawling operations recently were suspended following a further decline in the catch after 1992. While the new trawlers are capable of a major increase in effort, neither the changing environment, the fish stocks or the present markets favour intensified pressure. Gillnets may provide better control over the minimum size limit and may cause less damage than trawling. Other options to improve the viability and profitability of the fishery include improvements in handling, processing and marketing. Failure to develop the fishery may encourage attempts to introduce exotic fish, at some risk to survival of the local species. 相似文献