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1.
黄河三角洲沉积物的自然固结压实过程及其影响 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
对黄河三角洲及下伏沉积物的压实量和压实过程及其引起的地面沉降进行了分析研究。分析认为,在厚度为15 m的新淤积的黄河三角洲沉积重压下,前三角洲粘土和下伏海相粘土总固结量可达约1.35 m,海湾或烂泥湾及前三角洲和海相粘土总压缩量为1.48 m。这些粘土层在亚三角洲建设时期就开始受压固结,但是在亚三角洲废弃后,仍要经过几十年自然固结才会基本完成。除去前10年的固结量,前三角洲粘土与下伏海相粘土叠加形成的14 m厚粘土在随后的27年内可能会压缩50 cm;而海湾或烂泥湾及前三角洲和海相粘土叠加成的20 m厚粘土在50年内可能会压缩86 cm,两者的年平均压缩速率都超过17 mm/a。固结量和速率与上负沉积物重量成正比,而亚三角洲沉积厚度从沉积中心向外围逐渐减少,所以下伏粘土固结量和速率也向周围逐渐降低。但从亚三角洲沉积厚度分布情况看,在大范围内,下伏粘土固结引起的地面沉降在几十年内都将比较明显,从而可能加重三角洲地区风暴潮和海岸侵蚀灾害,降低已有灾害防治工程的作用。 相似文献
2.
稀性泥石流容重计算的改进方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
稀性泥石流的沉积样的粒度不能反映稀性泥石流的实际粒度,过渡(亚粘性)泥石流的沉积样的粒度也不能完全反映亚粘性泥石流的实际粒度.通过分析稀性泥石流和亚粘性泥石流沉积样中的粗颗粒和细颗粒组成的百分比与稀性泥石流和亚粘性泥石流的实际粒度分布关系,得出稀性泥石流以细颗粒为主,>5 mm的粗颗粒的百分比较小,大多数稀性泥石流的沉积样中这部分粗颗粒百分含量被夸大.去掉稀性泥石流沉积样中>5 mm的粗颗粒可以修正被夸大的粗颗粒比例,由此粒度分布和修正公式计算的稀性泥石流容重与实际容重吻合较好.去掉亚粘性泥石流沉积样中>20 mm的粗颗粒,可以修正亚粘性泥石流的粒度分布,由此粒度分布计算的亚粘性泥石流容重与实际容重吻合更好. 相似文献
3.
黄河口不同粒度泥沙沉积与扩散分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采集和收集大量黄河三角洲沉积物剖面和钻孔泥沙粒度资料以及黄河口来沙粒度组成数据,定量研究了黄河口泥沙的沉积与扩散特征。结果显示黄河口来沙以粉砂为主,黏土次之,砂最少,年均中值粒径无长期变化趋势。黄河三角洲平原相泥沙与来沙的黏土、粉砂和砂含量无显著差异;前缘相泥沙比来沙的黏土含量较低,砂含量较高;前三角洲相泥沙比来沙的黏土含量明显提高,砂和粉砂含量显著降低。计算了一个亚三角洲分组粒径泥沙的沉积量和扩散量,发现黄河三角洲平原和前缘拦截了来沙中绝大部分砂颗粒、一半以上的黏土颗粒和近3/4的粉砂颗粒,但是向远海扩散的泥沙中粉砂含量超过50%。由于粉砂含量较大,扩散入海的泥沙在近距离内大量沉积在前三角洲上。 相似文献
4.
分析黄河口钓口河亚三角洲不同时期泥沙沉积速率和水沙条件变化,发现来沙输沙率是影响黄河三角洲沉积速率的主要因素,随输沙率增加三角洲泥沙沉积速率增大.来水流量和来沙粒度组成变化对沉积速率的影响不明显.还发现来水含沙量与三角洲泥沙淤积占来沙的比例(沉积比)之间为双值关系,在某一含沙量时沉积比达最大值.对比显示,在河口河道畅通,沙嘴突出时期,三角洲泥沙沉积比反而比河口改道初期大,意味着集中水流入海可能降低海流带走泥沙的比例.另外,根据前三角洲的地形测量资料分析发现,进入远海的泥沙随距离增加呈指数递减.对黄河口这些独特的泥沙扩散规律发生机理进行了深入分析. 相似文献
5.
藏南沉错湖泊三角洲的沉积相及沉积环境 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在西藏自治区沉错湖泊三角洲平原和湖内钻孔取芯 ,利用14 C和ESR测年方法建立了钻孔剖面的年代标尺。在岩芯描述、沉积物粒度分析和CaCO3含量分析基础上 ,对沉错湖泊三角洲的沉积环境和沉积相进行了解释分析。 36 7m长的岩芯大致记录了 5 5万年以来的沉积历史。全孔平均沉积速率约为 0 6 6 7mm/a。 16 92 0aBP以来三角洲的沉积速率较大 ,平均为 1 2 7mm/a。由于沉积物物质来源的多源性导致CaCO3在剖面上的无规律性变化。但是 ,沉积物粒度和沉积序列变化指示全套沉积由底部的冲积扇相向上过渡为水下扇亚相和三角洲沉积相。在大约 175 0 0aBP～ 14 0 0 0aBP时期 ,沉错存在高湖面阶段。沉积序列中记录了末次冰期最盛期 (LastGlacialMaximum )和新仙女木事件 (YoungerDryas)。沉积特征和沉积环境的变化主要受湖面涨缩变化所控制。而湖面升降变化的驱动因素主要为气候 ,尤其夏季风的强弱和冷事件 相似文献
6.
7.
依据研究区80余口钻孔岩心成果,结合测井资料,并通过室内测试分析和野外调查等手段,运用地层学、沉积学、地球化学、煤炭地质学等理论。对该区龙潭组沉积古地理特征及聚煤模式进行了系统分析。结果显示:研究区龙潭组识别出三角洲、泻湖-潮坪2种沉积相类型、7种沉积亚相和17种沉积微相;识别出3个层序界面,将研究区龙潭组划分为2个三级层序;SQ1时期沉积环境主要由泻湖—潮坪转换为碳酸盐台地局限潮下,其后发生海退,发育潮控三角洲平原亚相,煤层主要形成于潮坪和分流间洼地演变而来的泥炭沼泽沉积环境;SQ2时期沉积环境主要为河控三角洲相、障壁砂坝—潮坪—泻湖相,该期三角洲范围扩大,成为沉积主体,煤层主要形成于海退—海侵转折期之后。在此基础上提出了三角洲—潮坪、障壁砂坝—泻湖—潮坪成煤环境。 相似文献
8.
依据研究区15口钻孔岩心录井及观察、测井资料,结合室内测试分析和野外调查等手段,综合运用地层学、沉积学、地球化学、煤炭地质学等理论。利用单因素综合作图法对习水福平煤矿区龙潭组岩相古地理进行了系统研究且分析了龙潭组聚煤规律。结果显示:研究区发育三角洲、有障壁海岸2种沉积相类型、5种沉积亚相和13种沉积微相,包括一个三级层序,海侵体系域和高位体系域2个体系域。龙潭早期发生脉动式海侵,以慢速海侵为特征,聚煤主体环境为潮坪沉积环境;其后发生海退,发育潮控下三角洲平原亚相,该时期三角洲沉积环境分布范围扩大,成为沉积主体,煤层主要形成于海退—海侵转折期之后。从而形成了自南东向北西下三角洲平原至上三角洲平原过渡转变的古地理格局,并伴生潟湖—潮坪沉积体系。 相似文献
9.
山东荣成月湖潮汐汊道系统的沉积物平衡问题——兼论人类活动的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在月湖进行了沉积物采样和潮汐水文观测,分析计算了表层沉积物类型、泥沙输运率、现代沉积速率,讨论了月湖的沉积物平衡。结果显示,月湖的沉积速率较快。按目前的数据和资料估算,月湖每年的沉积通量约为(1.8~2.3)×104 t,而正常情况下的沉积物供应量每年只有(0.5~1.2)×104 t。研究表明,人类活动还改变了月湖的物理与生态过程。由于土地利用的方式及其强度发生了变化,月湖汇水盆地的侵蚀量大为增加,侵蚀模数可能远大于400 t/(km2·a),从而使流域侵蚀量大大超出了正常范围,加剧了月湖的淤积。 相似文献
10.
渤海莱州湾南岸潍河-弥河三角洲:沉积序列和沉积格架 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
潍河-弥河三角洲是一个由多条河流共同塑造的三角洲。前三角洲黏土质粉砂是各河流共同贡献的结果;每条河口之外形成各自的三角洲前缘,主要由极细砂组成;河口间湾沉积物是两条相邻河流共同塑造的,主要为黏土质粉砂。由于河口位置的侧向摆动,三角洲前缘极细砂和河口间湾黏土质粉砂会交替出现。7000a B. P. 以来向海进积20~55km,在海岸附近三角州沉积物厚度超过20m。 相似文献
11.
Changxing Shi David Dian Zhang 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2005,87(3):461-471
This study investigates the sediment fluxes through the Yellow River sediment routing system, which are among the largest in the world, by constructing a sediment budget of the system over the period from 1855 to 1968. The framework of the sediment budget includes four functional units with the upper and middle reaches of the river as the sediment source and its lower reaches, its delta, and the deep sea as the sediment sinks. Sediment yield from the source and amounts of deposition in the lower Yellow River and the modern Yellow River delta were estimated for completing the sediment budget. The sediment budget produced for the period from 1855 to 1968 was characterized by a sediment input of 1.837 × 1011 tonnes and a distribution of the sediment between the lower Yellow River, the delta, and the deep sea of 64%, 33%, and 3%, respectively. The details of the sediment budget show that the importance of sedimentation in the lower Yellow River changed greatly with variations in the condition of the dykes and other human activities. A comparison of the sediment budgets of the delta for different timescales shows that the proportion of sediment dispersed to the deep sea decreases as the timescale over which the sediment fluxes are investigated increases. 相似文献
12.
Sediment compaction rates and subsidence in deltaic plains: numerical constraints and stratigraphic influences 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Natural sediment compaction in deltaic plains influences subsidence rates and the evolution of deltaic morphology. Determining compaction rates requires detailed knowledge of subsurface geotechnical properties and depositional history, neither of which is often readily available. To overcome this lack of knowledge, we numerically forward model the incremental sedimentation and compaction of stochastically generated stratigraphies with geotechnical properties typical of modern depositional environments in the Mississippi River delta plain. Using a Monte Carlo approach, the range of probable compaction rates for stratigraphies with compacted thicknesses <150 m and accumulation times <20 kyr. varies, but maximum values rarely exceed a few mm yr?1. The fastest compacting stratigraphies are composed primarily of peat and bar sand, whereas the slowest compacting stratigraphies are composed of prodelta mud and natural levee deposits. These results suggest that compaction rates can significantly influence vertical and lateral stratigraphic trends during deltaic evolution. 相似文献
13.
Eudald Maestro 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(4):1053-1078
A complete third-order tectono-sedimentary cycle filled the Vernet lacustrine piggyback basin during the late Eocene. The
depositional sequence can be subdivided into five units or systems tracts with distinct architectural frameworks, which developed
a progressive unconformity. Sedimentary infilling of the piggyback basin began with retrogradational alluvial fans and fluvio-alluvial
deposits being deposited, arranged in two thinning- and fining-upward cycles during the uplifting and emplacement of the southernmost
Pyrenean thrusts, and with three thickening- and coarsening-upward progradational floodplain and lacustrine cycles, during
the quiescence of the southernmost thrusts, at the same time as the emplacement of several northernmost thrusts of the southern
Pyrenees. The facies associations identified represent different depositional environments in a sheetflow-dominated system,
including playa-lake deposits, floodplain deposits, sheetflow fluvial deposits and sheet deltas in ephemeral to shallow lacustrine
settings. Fourth and fifth order arid/semi-arid climatic cycles can be recognized, driven either by orbital obliquity and
precessional forcing (Milankovitch cyclicity), insolation cycles or possibly subprecessional autogenic mechanisms related
to the emplacement of northern thrusts and the consequent changes in the drainage basin. Arid periods are recorded by sheetflood
fluvial, ephemeral lacustrine or terminal splay deposits, with abundant medium-to-coarse-grained sandstone packages in red-to-grey
mudstones, a product of unconfined or low-confined sheetflows or hyperconcentrated flows, with bedload and suspended load,
during flood episodes, at times of lake lowstand. Semi-arid periods are recorded as relative highstand lacustrine deposits,
including grey-to-white mudstones deposited in prodelta environments and fine-grained sheet sandstone units sedimented in
a delta front (with minor channels and extensive sheet lobes) and prodelta environments in shallow lakes, from sheetflood
events. 相似文献
14.
S. van Asselen 《Basin Research》2011,23(2):239-255
Provision of accommodation space for aggradation in Holocene deltaic basins is usually ascribed to eustatic sea‐level rise and/or land subsidence due to isostasy, tectonics or sediment compaction. Whereas many Holocene deltas contain peat, the relative contribution of peat compaction to total subsidence has not yet been quantified from field data covering an entire delta. Subsidence due to peat compaction potentially influences temporal and spatial sedimentation patterns, and therefore alluvial architecture. Quantification of the amount and rate of peat compaction was done based on (1) estimates of the initial dry bulk density of peat, derived from a relation between dry bulk density and organic‐matter content of uncompacted peat samples and (2) radiocarbon‐dated basal peat used to reconstruct initial levels of peat formation of currently subsided peat samples. In the Rhine‐Meuse delta, peat compaction has contributed considerably to total basin subsidence. Depending on the thickness of the compressible sequence, weight of the overburden and organic‐matter content of peat, subsidence of up to approximately 3 m in a 10‐m thick Holocene sequence has been calculated. Calculated local subsidence rates of peat levels are up to 0.6 mm year?1, averaged over millennia, which are twice the estimated Holocene‐averaged basin subsidence rates of 0.1–0.3 mm year?1 in the study area. Higher rates of subsidence due to compaction, on the order of a few mm year?1, occur over decades to centuries, following a substantial increase in effective stress caused by sediment loading. Without such an increase in effective stress, peat layers may accumulate for thousands of years with little compaction. Thus, the contribution of peat compaction to total delta subsidence is variable in time. Locally, up to 40% of total Holocene accommodation space has been provided by peat compaction. Implications of the large amount of accommodation space created by peat compaction in deltaic basins are: (1) increased sediment trap efficiency in deltas, which decelerates delta progradation and enhances the formation of relatively thick clastic sequences and (2) enhanced local formation of thick natural levees by renewing existing accommodation space. 相似文献
15.
现代黄河三角洲叶瓣的划分和识别 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
黄河分流河道摆动频繁,自1855年以来形成了8个三角洲叶瓣。1904-1929年的三角洲沉积物划归一个叶瓣较为合适。1934-1938年和1947-1964年也应该划归一个叶瓣。叶瓣活动时间短,平均活动时间只有16年。单个叶瓣形成的沉积物厚度有限。一个钻孔剖面上的三角洲沉积物常常分层于数个叶瓣。叶瓣废弃后改造时间短,还没有形成较粗的改造,沉积物便被新的叶瓣所覆盖。两个叶瓣的界线不很清楚。但根据沉积结构和构造,微体化石,210pb测年方法,土壤层以及历史记录,可以识别出不同的叶瓣。 相似文献
16.
珠江三角洲生物埋葬群与环境变迁 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文将珠江三角洲第四纪环境与现代环境的生物埋葬群进行对照，重建晚更新世中期和全新世中期的古沉积环境，划分出两期的海侵区、海侵波及区、海侵影响区。并对中更新世海侵期表示存疑。 相似文献
17.
Stephen E. Watkins Alexander C. Whittaker Rebecca E. Bell Sam A. S. Brooke Vamsi Ganti Robert L. Gawthorpe Lisa C. McNeill Casey W. Nixon 《Basin Research》2020,32(6):1600-1625
The volume and grain-size of sediment supplied from catchments fundamentally control basin stratigraphy. Despite their importance, few studies have constrained sediment budgets and grain-size exported into an active rift at the basin scale. Here, we used the Corinth Rift as a natural laboratory to quantify the controls on sediment export within an active rift. In the field, we measured the hydraulic geometries, surface grain-sizes of channel bars and full-weighted grain-size distributions of river sediment at the mouths of 47 catchments draining the rift (constituting 83% of the areal extent). Results show that the sediment grain-size increases westward along the southern coast of the Gulf of Corinth, with the coarse-fraction grain-sizes (84th percentile of weighted grain-size distribution) ranging from approximately 19 to 91 mm. We find that the median and coarse-fraction of the sieved grain-size distribution are primarily controlled by bedrock lithology, with late Quaternary uplift rates exerting a secondary control. Our results indicate that grain-size export is primarily controlled by the input grain-size within the catchment and subsequent abrasion during fluvial transport, both quantities that are sensitive to catchment lithology. We also demonstrate that the median and coarse-fraction of the grain-size distribution are predominantly transported in bedload; however, typical sand-grade particles are transported as suspended load at bankfull conditions, suggesting disparate source-to-sink transit timescales for sand and gravel. Finally, we derive both a full Holocene sediment budget and a grain-size-specific bedload discharged into the Gulf of Corinth using the grain-size measurements and previously published estimates of sediment fluxes and volumes. Results show that the bedload sediment budget is primarily comprised (~79%) of pebble to cobble grade (0.475–16 cm). Our results suggest that the grain-size of sediment export at the rift scale is particularly sensitive to catchment lithology and fluvial mophodynamics, which complicates our ability to make direct inferences of tectonic and palaeoenvironmental forcing from local stratigraphic characteristics. 相似文献