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1.
西周沣镐遗址全新世土壤研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
根据西安西部西周沣镐遗址附近全新世土壤剖面磁化率、全铁、有机碳、Rb和Sr等指标的测定分析,揭示了与全新世环境变化相对应的成壤过程,阐明西周时代土壤和土地资源状况及人类耕作对成壤过程影响。认为全新世早期气候较温和干燥,风尘堆积速率降低,有一定生物风化成壤作用,土壤发育表现为边沉积边成壤;全新世中期气候温暖湿润,生物风化成壤作用大于风尘堆积作用,随着沉积和成壤继续,土壤层深厚,形成古土壤层(S0);全新世晚期气候恶化,沙尘暴频繁发生,风尘堆积作用大于风化成壤作用,形成现代黄土层(L0)覆盖了土壤(S0),使之成为埋藏古土壤。西周时期(3000~2720a B.P.)气候干旱使环境资源恶化,土壤退化严重,当时的耕作层和古地面位于相当于黄土(L0)下部、古土壤(S0)顶界以上10cm的层位。 相似文献
2.
陕西五里铺黄土微量元素组成与全新世气候不稳定性研究 总被引：22，自引：8，他引：14
通过对岐山黄土剖面Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、Mn元素含量、磁化率及粒度的研究表明,这些元素含量变化实质是气候变化的直接结果,其含量高指示风化成壤作用强烈的湿润环境,含量低指示寒冷的干旱环境。揭示出黄土高原南部全新世气候在总体温暖的情况下有明显波动变化,在5000~6000 a BP出现一次明显气候干旱期,使全新世"大暖期"分裂形成两个主要的成壤期S01和S02。在S01、S02成壤时期仍存在次一级的气候变化事件。全新世时期该地区经历了黄土沉积(Lt)→古土壤发育(S02)→黄土覆盖(L02)→土壤再度发育(S01)→黄土堆积及现代表土(L10)的发展演化阶段。 相似文献
3.
泾河中游地区全新世成壤环境演变研究 总被引：13，自引：7，他引：6
根据长武ETC全新世土壤剖面的测定分析,探讨了该地区全新世成壤环境演变过程,阐明了先周时代土壤特征及人类耕作对成壤过程的影响。研究结果表明,全新世早期气候温和干燥,沙尘暴明显减弱,风尘堆积速率降低,具有轻微生物风化成壤作用;对应于全新世最适宜期,该地气候温暖湿润,生物风化成壤作用大于风尘堆积作用,为典型的黑垆土成壤期。从3 100 a B.P.开始,季风气候格局发生转变,气候干旱化,沙尘暴加剧,风尘堆积速率大于生物风化成壤速率,土壤资源自然退化,形成弱成壤层和黄土层,两层均属于全新世黄土L0。先周时期耕作层对应古土壤层的顶部,土壤具有典型的团粒结构。3 100 a B.P.时的季风转变导致的气候干旱化与土壤退化促使了游牧民族南迁和"古公迁岐"事件的发生。 相似文献
4.
5.
汉江上游谷地全新世风成黄土及其成壤改造特征 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
对汉江上游郧县-郧西段一级阶地物质上堆积的黄土状覆盖层的剖面构型、粒度、矿物组合、元素分布、微形态及形成时代进行了研究,并与渭河谷地全新世黄土-古土壤序列对比。结果表明,这些“黄土状覆盖层”是晚更新世以来沙尘暴在区内连续堆积的结果,具有TS-L0-S0-Lt-L1-AD剖面构型;这些风积物在不同时期受到了不同程度的成壤改造作用,晚更新世受到弱成壤改造→全新世中期受到强烈成壤改造→全新世晚期较弱成壤改造。汉江上游地区在晚更新世末期(11500 a BP),气候比较冷湿,沙尘暴频繁出现,形成较厚的黄土层L1;全新世初期(11500-8500 a BP),气候从冷湿向暖湿方向转变,沙尘暴活动减弱,形成了过渡黄土层位Lt;全新世中期(8500-3000 a BP),气候达到全新世最为暖湿的阶段,沙尘暴沉积物受到强烈成壤改造而形成了古土壤S0;全新世晚期(3000 a BP以来),气候暖湿程度降低,越过秦岭的沙尘暴又明显增强,形成了近代黄土L0。 相似文献
6.
在野外考察研究的基础上,在河南禹州全新世黄土-古土壤剖面系统采样,利用X-荧光光谱仪测定了常量元素的含量,并与磁化率、粘粒含量及碳酸钙含量变化曲线对比发现:常量元素氧化物(Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O、MgO)含量随土壤地层呈现有规律变化,即在古土壤层(S0)中含量最高,表土层(MS)中次之,在黄土层(L1、Lt、L0)中最低;Na2O在古土壤层淋失,在黄土层相对富集。深入分析表明,淮河上游全新世黄土为风力沉积物,来源于黄河下游泛滥平原的风沙活动和沙尘暴沉积。在古土壤层和表土层形成时期,气候温暖湿润,虽然仍然有沙尘暴发生,但是成壤作用和次生粘化作用较强;在黄土层堆积时期,气候干旱寒冷,黄河下游泛滥平原植被稀疏,风沙活动和沙尘暴强烈,风化成壤作用极其微弱。这些化学成分含量与磁化率相关性很强,表明它们主要受全新世气候与成壤环境变化的控制。 相似文献
7.
宁夏长城塬全新世黄土-土壤剖面元素地球化学特征研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
通过测定宁夏长城塬全新世黄土-土壤剖面中的元素含量,获得了一些地球化学参数指标。这些化学参数作为良好的气候代用指标,与磁化率、频率磁化率形成很好的对比,表明:古土壤形成时期气候温暖湿润,降雨丰富,淋溶作用强烈,黄土堆积时期气候相对干冷,成壤作用微弱;黄土风化成壤过程中元素的迁移变化可以间接反映出全新世以来的气候变化及成壤环境的变化。通过研究元素的活动性,发现全新世宁夏长城塬黄土只经历了早期的化学风化,应处在脱Ca、Na阶段,尚未进入去K风化阶段。 相似文献
8.
甜水沟全新世黄土-古土壤序列风化程度及意义 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
对大荔人遗址的甜水沟剖面(TSG)全新世黄土-古土壤序列中常量元素含量、磁化率和Rb/Sr比值进行了研究和比对。结果表明:在TSG剖面发育过程中,Ca、Mg、Na表现为迁移淋失,Si、K呈现弱富集特征,Fe的迁移不明显;磁化率、钾钠比、硅铝铁率、SiO2/(MgO+CaO)(、CaO+K2O+Na2O)/Al2O3的分布随地层的变化而同步变化。上述变化指示古土壤S0形成时期,化学风化程度强烈和气候温暖湿润,黄土L0和Lt堆积时期,风化成壤作用较弱和气候相对干旱,而全新世晚期可能曾出现过一次较为暖湿的次级气候变化。 相似文献
9.
青海湖湖东沙地典型剖面的AMS14C测年数据表明该剖面记录了当地约10 ka BP的风沙活动及环境变化。对沉积物的粒度组成特征、粒度参数、粒度环境敏感指标等分析,并结合沉积物磁化率和青海湖盆地相关研究中风成砂、黄土和弱发育古土壤、古土壤的OSL、AMS14C年代数据等,进行全新世以来的风沙活动及气候环境变化讨论。结果表明：（1）粗颗粒敏感组分（138~156μm）可以用来指示风沙活动的强弱,细颗粒敏感组分（2~5 μm）可以用来指示成壤作用。（2）10~9ka青海湖盆地气候状况较全新世之前略有好转,暖湿程度增加,部分区域开始发育古土壤,但总体上古土壤、弱发育古土壤、黄土、风成砂共存;9~4.2 ka青海湖盆地水热组合条件较好,风沙活动弱,大部分沙丘固定成壤,但9~8 ka和4.2 ka左右风沙活动较为频繁的特征可能指示了8.2 ka和4ka冷事件;4.2 ka之后特别是2 ka之后风沙活动显著增强,气候朝干冷化发展。 相似文献
10.
对湖北郧县辽瓦店剖面的沉积学特征及磁化率、粒度、Rb、Sr含量等理化指标进行了研究。结果表明:辽瓦店剖面自下而上具有马兰黄土(L1)-过渡层(Lt)-古土壤(S0)-全新世黄土(L0)-表土(TS)地层序列;不同地层单元的风化成壤差异明显,其成壤强弱顺序为古土壤S0成壤最强、全新世黄土L0和过渡层Lt次之、马兰黄土L1最弱。成壤强弱的变化揭示出该区晚更新世末期(11 500 a BP以前)气候干冷,全新世早期(11 500~8 500 a BP)气候处于晚更新世干冷向全新世中期暖湿的过渡阶段,全新世中期(8 500~3 100 a BP)气候最为温暖湿润,全新世晚期(3 100 a BP以来)气候转为干冷且逐渐恶化的变化过程。 相似文献
11.
The dust source and transporting system are two indispensable aspects in the process of loess-palaeosol accumulation. It has been proved that the dust of the Loess Plateau mainly comes from the northwestern inland gobi and desert, transported by the East Asia monsoon systems and westerlies. However, there are little researches with respect to the dust source and deposition dynamics of the upper reaches of the Huaihe River. In the present study, we investigated and collected the YPC section with high resolution in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River. The chronological frame was reconstructed by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and correlated with the published loess time series. By comparison of the magnetic susceptibility (MS) and grain size (GS) of loess-soil profile among YPC profile, XJN profile (western Loess Plateau) and the JYC profile (southern Loess Plateau), we find similar climate change and pedogenic process between the upper reaches of the Huaihe River and the Loess Plateau, both experienced an extreme dry and the weakest pedogenesis during the last glacial, followed by a transitional episodes from the cold-dry last glacial to the warm-humid mid-Holocene and increased pedogenesis in the early Holocene, then a most humid-warm and strong pedogenesis in the mid-Holocene, and climate deterioration and decreased pedogenesis occurred during the late Holocene. But the MS of loess-soil profile sequences in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River was much lower than those in the Loess Plateau, and the GS was much coarser than those in the Loess Plateau. Comparison of GS for these three profiles revealed that there were different dust sources, which belonged to different aeolian transporting systems. The loess in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River was a wind blown deposition of near source, while the coarser dust mainly came from loose alluvial deposits of alluvial and proluvial fans of the Yellow River. The yielding and carrying dynamics of the dust in the Huaihe River is the northeast wind prevails in the winter half year. 相似文献
12.
黄河中游土壤侵蚀与下游古河道三角洲演化的过程响应 总被引：10，自引：7，他引：10
根据黄土高原土壤侵蚀的周期特点，结合华北平原古河道，古三角洲的演化过程，应用泥沙输移的过程响应,分析了晚更新世以来黄河中游黄土高原土壤侵蚀与下游古河道，三角洲演化的关系，在人类历史之前，黄土高原土壤侵蚀基本上遵循自在生态环境演化规律，强裂侵蚀期发生在干冷向湿湿气候转化的过渡期，在强裂侵蚀的初期是古道形成期，强烈侵蚀期发生在干冷向温湿气候转化的过渡期，在强裂侵蚀的期是古河道形成期，强烈侵蚀的外营力迭加了人为作用，黄河下游河游泳以改道，三角洲横向扩展发生在强烈侵蚀的衰退期，人类历史时期，土壤侵蚀的外营力迭加了人为作用，破坏了地质历史时期的规律性，土壤侵蚀强度越来越强，基本上按照旱涝变化频率而演化，干冷期降雨不均匀系数增加，土训侵蚀加重，径流量较少，河床以淤积为主，是古河道形成期，正常年黄河泥少输移比接近于一，是三角洲进积期，温湿期降雨量增加，径流量加大，下游河流改道，三角洲横向发展。 相似文献
13.
黄土高原侵蚀期研究 总被引：22，自引：12，他引：10
黄土高原在沉积的同时也存在着侵蚀,主要是流水、重力等因素造成的。这种侵蚀会受到气候、构造运动以及人类活动控制。资料显示,黄土高原存在3种基本的侵蚀期,一是气候侵蚀期,二是构造侵蚀期,三是人为因素侵蚀期。此外还有气候与构造共同作用产生的侵蚀期和构造与人类共同作用产生的侵蚀期。温湿期风尘堆积少,降水量增多,流水动力增强,是黄土高原理论上的侵蚀期。构造抬升引起侵蚀基准面下降,进而导致黄土高原加快侵蚀,出现构造侵蚀期。人类活动破坏了黄土高原的植被和土层结构,导致黄土高原侵蚀加剧,从而出现了人类因素引起的现代侵蚀加速期。在黄土发育的冷干期,由于植被稀疏,侵蚀量大于温湿期,但堆积量远大于侵蚀量。要改变现代侵蚀状况,就应当加强黄土高原生态环境治理。 相似文献
14.
黄土高原侵蚀环境与侵蚀速率的初步研究 总被引：27，自引：2，他引：25
黄土高原的侵蚀是一个地质过程.晚更新世以前高原已经过三个大的侵蚀堆积旋迥,主要沟谷系统和黄土地貌的塬梁峁格局已经形成.全新世以来黄土的堆积逐渐减缓,而侵蚀则进入新的发展时期.在自然因素和人类活动的共同作用下,土壤侵蚀加剧.根据侵蚀一堆积相关原理,利用黄河下游不同时期发育的冲积扇沉积模式,估算了全新世以来自然侵蚀速牵为7.9%,由于人类活动而引起的加速侵蚀的速率逐渐递增,至今已达到25%. 相似文献
15.
Soil erosion assessment and prediction play critical roles in addressing problems associated with erosion control or soil
conservation. The past dynamics of soil erosion can provide valuable information for us to understand the relations of soil
erosion to environmental change and anthropogenic activity. The present paper has compared Holocene climatic changes in northwestern
China with those in southern Norway, and investigated the past dynamics of erosion activity during the Holocene. Modern soil
erosion on the Loess Plateau is a combination of the intensive natural erosion and human-induced erosion, the latter being
four times greater than the former. Because of global warming and increasing human activities, climate on the Loess Plateau
is becoming dryer and more unstable, causing an enhanced erosion problem and water scarcity. In the arctic-alpine region of
southern Norway, however, the global warming and regional wetting caused expansion of the largest European ice cap. This has
accentuated the erosion in that region, with a higher frequency of avalanches and debris flows. 相似文献
16.
Soil erosion assessment and prediction play critical roles in addressing problems associated with erosion control or soil conservation. The past dynamics of soil erosion can provide valuable information for us to understand the relations of soil erosion to environmental change and anthropogenic activity. The present paper has compared Holocene climatic changes in northwestern China with those in southern Norway, and investigated the past dynamics of erosion activity during the Holocene. Modern soil erosion on the Loess Plateau is a combination of the intensive natural erosion and human-induced erosion, the latter being four times greater than the former. Because of global warming and increasing human activities, climate on the Loess Plateau is becoming dryer and more unstable, causing an enhanced erosion problem and water scarcity. In the arctic-alpine region of southern Norway, however, the global warming and regional wetting caused expansion of the largest European ice cap. This has accentuated the erosion in that region, with a higher frequency of avalanches and debris flows. 相似文献
17.
An early Holocene erosion phase on the loess tablelands in the southern Loess Plateau of China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A Holocene loess profile to the west of Xi'an China was studied multi-disciplinarily to investigate the relationships between soil erosion and monsoonal climatic change. The proxy data obtained from this aeolian loess and palaeosol sequence indicate large-scale variations of climate in the southern Loess Plateau since the last glaciation. A rainwash bed, indicative of a wetter climate, excessive runoff and erosion on the loess tablelands, was identified relating to the early Holocene before the onset of the “climatic optimum”. This is synchronous with the early Holocene physiographic erosional stage identified in the valleys in North China. It means that severe erosion took place when the region was undergoing climatic amelioration during the early Holocene. The evidence presented in this paper shows that the erosion occurred as a regional response to a monsoonal climatic shift in the southern Loess Plateau. During the last glaciation, prior to the erosion phase, the land surface on the tablelands had been largely stable except for the rapid accumulation of aeolian dust and the resultant increase in its elevation. Relatively slow dust accumulation and intensive bio-pedogenesis responding to the Holocene “climatic optimum” followed the erosion phase. The loess tablelands were most vulnerable to erosion during the large-scale monsoonal climatic shift from dry-cold glacial to humid-warm post-glacial conditions in the southern Loess Plateau. 相似文献
18.
淮河上游全新世风成黄土-土壤物质来源研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
通过对淮河上游地区河南新郑全新世黄土—古土壤剖面磁化率和粒度的测量分析，揭示了淮河上游地区沙质黄土和古土壤的物质来源。该区黄土—古土壤磁化率明显低于黄土高原区，而粒度明显比黄土高原区粗，属于沙质黄土。通过两地区粒度分布的对比，揭示了它们有不同的粉尘源区，分属于不同的风成系统。淮河上游地区黄土是近源风尘沉积物，粉尘主要来源于孟津以东黄河冲积、洪积扇的松散河流沉积粉沙，实质是黄土高原水土流失的产物。黄河的频繁决口、改道、泛滥沉积为其提供了丰富的物源，其粗颗粒粉尘产生和搬运堆积的动力是东北风。淮河上游地区全新世早期粉尘是近源粗颗粒堆积，堆积速率可达18．6cm／ka，是黄土高原南部地区的2．3倍。 相似文献