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1.
两种典型荒漠植被区土壤微生物量碳的季节变化及影响因素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取干旱区准噶尔盆地南缘梭梭和柽柳两类典型荒漠植被区的4种不同地表类型（冠层下、枯枝落叶层、地衣结皮覆盖区、裸地）,对其从6～10月份的土壤微生物量碳季节变化进行动态监测,并在此基础上进行了土壤微生物量碳与各影响因子之间关系的分析,旨在揭示干旱区土壤微生物量碳季节动态变化特征及其主要影响因子。结果表明：两类典型荒漠植被区的土壤微生物量碳均呈现明显的季节变化,但变化趋势并不一致。其中梭梭植被区4种地表类型下的土壤微生物量碳均在8月达到峰值;柽柳植被区冠层下土壤微生物量碳也在8月份达到最大值,但其他3种地表类型下的土壤微生物量碳却在8月降到最低值。通过土壤微生物量碳的影响因子分析表明两类不同植被区土壤微生物量碳与有机碳、全氮均为（P<0.05）正相关,此外,梭梭植被区与土壤湿度存在正相关,而柽柳植被区则与土壤总含盐量呈显著负相关,表明两类荒漠植被区土壤微生物对影响因子的响应并不完全相同。 相似文献
2.
The Koshi River Basin is in the middle of the Himalayas, a tributary of the Ganges River and a very important cross-border watershed. Across the basin there are large changes in altitude, habitat complexity, ecosystem integrity, land cover diversity and regional difference and this area is sensitive to global climate change. Based on Landsat TM images, vegetation mapping, field investigations and 3S technology, we compiled high-precision land cover data for the Koshi River Basin and analyzed current land cover characteristics. We found that from source to downstream, land cover in the Koshi River Basin in 2010 was composed of water body (glacier), bare land, sparse vegetation, grassland, wetland, shrubland, forest, cropland, water body (river or lake) and built-up areas. Among them, grassland, forest, bare land and cropland are the main types, accounting for 25.83%, 21.19%, 19.31% and 15.09% of the basin’s area respectively. The composition and structure of the Koshi River Basin land cover types are different between southern and northern slopes. The north slope is dominated by grassland, bare land and glacier; forest, bare land and glacier are mainly found on northern slopes. Northern slopes contain nearly seven times more grassland than southern slopes; while 97.13% of forest is located on southern slopes. Grassland area on northern slope is 6.67 times than on southern slope. The vertical distribution of major land cover types has obvious zonal characteristics. Land cover types from low to high altitudes are cropland, forest, Shrubland and mixed cropland, grassland, sparse vegetation, bare land and water bodies. These results provide a scientific basis for the study of land use and cover change in a critical region and will inform ecosystem protection, sustainability and management in this and other alpine transboundary basins. 相似文献
3.
应用线性光谱分离技术研究喀斯特地区土地覆被变化——以贵州省关岭县为例 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：21
喀斯特地区土地覆被主要类型除了和非喀斯特地区一样的植被和裸露土壤外,还存在一个广泛分布的裸露基岩,一般遥感处理方法不具备直接定量提取这三类土地覆被参数的能力。基于地物光谱线性混合模型的线性光谱分离技术,可以在亚象元的尺度上直接获取植被覆盖、裸露土壤和裸露基岩等在各象元区域内的比例,非常适合用于喀斯特地区的土地覆被变化的研究。本文利用1987年2月17日和1999年12月27日LandsatTM各6波段遥感影像,使用ENVI软件,分离出植被、裸露土壤、裸露岩石和阴影等土地覆被丰度和RMS的空间分布。对比结果表明,研究区1987～1999年,植被覆盖率上升593%,裸露土壤面积下降1215%,裸露基岩面积上升408%。表明研究区尽管植被在恢复、水土流失总量在减少,但石漠化面积在明显上升,生态形势依旧严峻。 相似文献
4.
中国东部亚热带丘陵山地土地退化评价指标体系研究* 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
中国东部亚热带地区流水侵蚀所引起土地退化的形成,是由其生态环境自身的脆弱性决定的。土地退化不仅表现为土壤退化,还表现为植被退化和土地状况恶化,其发展过程是植被退化-土壤退化-地表状况恶化过程多重循环的结果。据此,提出了中国东部亚热带丘陵山地土地退化评价指标。 相似文献
5.
金沙江干热河谷典型区（云南）退化土壤的结构性与形成机制 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
云南金沙江干热河谷区是我国典型的土壤退化区域。通过分析土壤机械组成、团聚体及微团聚体组成、孔隙分布状况等指标，探讨了土壤结构对土壤退化的影响机制。研究发现：1．采用分散率、侵蚀率、团聚度、团聚状况、结构体破坏率、受蚀性指数EVA、孔隙度等量化指标可以较好反映土壤退化程度；2．土壤颗粒分散特性、土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性、土壤孔隙度是土壤结构稳定性评价的三个重要方面，也可反映土壤退化特征。 相似文献
6.
重庆喀斯特地区土地覆被类型对土壤特征的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1 Introduction The karst region of Southwest China, with Guizhou Province as the center, extends across Yunnan Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Sichuan Province, Chongqing, western Hunan Province, Hubei Province, and Guangdong Province, coveri… 相似文献
7.
The 26 plots including natural forestland, secondary forestland, shrub-grassland, sloping cropland, artificial forest and abandoned field, were selected to discuss the impact of land cover on the soil characteristics in the three karst districts of Chongqing. The results showed that: (1) After the vegetation turned into secondary vegetation or artificial vegetation, or reclamation, soil physical properties would be degraded. In the surface-layer soil of sloping cropland, the contents of > 2 mm water-stable aggregates decreased obviously with apparent sandification. (2) The contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen are controlled completely by vegetation type and land use intensity. The increasing trend is rather slow in the early days when over-reclamation is stopped and the land is converted to forest and pasture. (3) Herbaceous species increase and woody plants species decrease with the increase of land use intensity, therefore, the soil seed banks degrade more seriously. (4) The soil degradation index has been set up to describe the relative soil degradation degree under the conditions of different vegetation types. (5) Land cover has a significant effect on karst soil characteristics, land degradation in the karst ecosystem is essentially characterized by the different degradation of soil functions that serve as water banks, nutrient banks and soil seed banks. 相似文献
8.
花岗岩不同土地利用类型坡地水土流失特征* 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
利用福建省安溪水土保持试验站的实测资料,对花岗岩不同土地利用类型坡地的水土流失特征进行了初步研究,试验结果说明,坡地只要有一定的植被覆盖和适当的坡地工程,水土流失均可得到控制.松耕使坡耕地土壤侵蚀力急剧下降,必须加强夏季园面覆盖.建议利用USLE进行土壤侵蚀预测时,未扰动自然课露坡地C取值0.1-0.3.实测结果显示,香根草带和牧草覆盖均有良好的保持水土效益,与山边沟工程结合,可以在较陡坡地果园开发中替代梯田台地进行推广. 相似文献
9.
Vertical differentiation of land cover in the central Himalayas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Characterized by obvious altitudinal variation, habitat complexity, and diversity in land cover, the Mt. Qomolangma region within the central Himalayas is one of the most sensitive areas to climate change in the world. At the same time, because the Mt. Qomolangma region possesses the most complete natural vertical spectrum in the world, it is also an ideal place to study the vertical structure of alpine land cover. In this study, land cover data for 2010 along with digital elevation model data were used to define three methods for dividing the northern and southern slopes in the Mt. Qomolangma region, i.e., the ridgeline method, the sample transect method, and the sector method. The altitudinal distributions of different land cover types were then investigated for both the northern and southern slopes of the Mt. Qomolangma region by using the above three division methods along with Arc GIS and MATLAB tools. The results indicate that the land cover in the study region was characterized by obviously vertical zonation with the south-six and north-four pattern of vertical spectrum that reflected both the natural vertical structure of vegetation and the effects of human activities. From low to high elevation, the main land cover types were forests, grasslands, sparse vegetation, bare land, and glacier/snow cover. The compositions and distributions of land cover types differed significantly between the northern and southern slopes; the southern slope exhibited more complex land cover distributions with wider elevation ranges than the northern slope. The area proportion of each land cover type also varied with elevation. Accordingly, the vertical distribution patterns of different land cover types on the southern and northern slopes could be divided into four categories, with glaciers/snow cover, sparse vegetation, and grasslands conforming to unimodal distributions. The distribution of bare land followed a unimodal pattern on the southern slope but a bimodal pattern on the northern slope. Finally, the use of different slope division methods produced similar vertical belt structures on the southern slope but different ones on the northern slope. Among the three division methods, the sector method was better to reflect the natural distribution pattern of land cover. 相似文献
10.
This paper reports soil losses from 15 erosion plots in the Middle Hills, Nepal, for the 1992 and 1993 monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons. In total, 912 rainfall events were monitored. Land cover varied from grassland and relatively undisturbed mixed broadleaf forest, to degraded Sal forest and bare ground. Soil losses ranged from less than 0.1 t ha-1 yr-1 for grassland and undisturbed forest plots, to 3–10 t ha-1 yr-1 for Sal forest in various states of degradation, and over 15 t ha-1 yr-1 for the bare sites. These results are broadly consistent with those reported in other parts of the Himalayan Middle Hills. Soil loss values could be explained by variations in runoff amounts and rainfall intensity, as well as by the nature of the land cover. Ground and low shrub cover was more important than canopy cover in protecting the forest soils. Human activity has unquestionably led to accelerated rates of soil loss but the degree of acceleration depends on the nature of the human activity and especially the care with which the land is managed. [Key words: soil loss, land use, Nepal, land degradation.] 相似文献
11.
中国东部亚热带丘陵山区土地退化坡面分带性的成因 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
中国东部地区流水侵蚀所引起的土地退化具有明显的坡面分带性。以安徽绩溪、浙江兰溪和广东五华为典型区,从坡地地貌及其所引起破面侵蚀分带性入手,通过坡面不同部位地面物质及其理化性质、养分和水分状况以及植被、侵蚀地貌形态的分析,探讨土地退化坡面分带性的成因。 相似文献
12.
基于MSAVI-WI特征空间的新疆渭干河-库车河流域绿洲土壤盐渍化研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
土壤盐渍化是造成干旱区土地荒漠化及生态恶化的重要原因,及时获取大尺度高精度土壤盐渍信息是防治工作的基础。选取新疆塔里木盆地北缘渭干河—库车河流域三角洲绿洲为研究区,利用Lansat-TM数据与野外实测数据分析盐渍化土壤与修改型土壤调整植被指数(MSAVI)、湿度指数(WI)之间的关系,在此基础上提出了MSAVI-WI特征空间概念,构建了土壤盐渍化遥感监测指数模型(MWI)。结果表明:MWI与土壤表层含盐量相关性较高,其相关性为0.844,精度高于土壤盐渍监测常用的盐分指数与实测数据的相关性。MWI能较好的反映盐渍化土壤地表植被及土壤水分的组合变化,具有明确的生物物理意义,并且特征参量简单,理论上易于理解,实践上易于实现,MWI模型的构建有利于干旱区大尺度土壤盐渍化定量监测与评价工作的开展。 相似文献
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14.
青藏高原是全球气候变化研究关注的热点地区,也是中国生态保护的重点区域,其土地覆被变化研究对优化土地利用结构、改善土地覆被状况和生态环境具有重要意义。线性光谱分离技术是利用遥感手段监测土地覆被变化的有效方法。本文选取西藏乃东县为研究区,利用1988、2000和2010年三期Landsat TM、ETM遥感影像,采用线性光谱分离技术,定量提取了研究区三期影像中单个像元的植被、裸土、裸岩覆被率比例,同时将植被分量与NDVI结果进行对比分析。结果表明：①研究区山峦重叠,沟谷纵横,地表破碎,混合像元比例高,线性光谱分离技术可以很好地处理复杂地物的土地覆被变化;②1988-2010年间,研究区裸土面积下降幅度较大,植被覆盖率及裸岩覆盖率有所上升,说明本区植被得到一定的恢复,但同时石漠化也在进一步加剧;③通过对线性光谱分离的植被分量与NDVI结果比较,发现线性光谱分离技术对青藏高原土地覆被识别具有较好的适用性。 相似文献
15.
山区土地利用/覆被变化对土壤侵蚀的影响 总被引：42，自引：6，他引：36
本文以福建省山区为例,在对福建省水土保持实验站、建瓯市牛坑龙水土保持试验站长期观测、实验资料深入分析对比的基础之上,探讨了土地利用/土地覆被变化对土壤侵蚀的影响规律。分析结果表明,土地利用/土地覆被变化对径流的产生和土壤侵蚀有重要影响,植被的覆盖度的变化直接影响着径流系数和土壤侵蚀模数;植被的覆盖度和径流系数呈负线性关系,随着覆盖度的增加径流系数逐渐减小;植被覆盖度和土壤侵蚀模数为负指数关系,随着植被覆盖度的增大,土壤侵蚀模数急剧下降。 相似文献
16.
The successful country parks programme in Hong Kong has attracted a heavy patronage and caused widespread degradation in recreational sites. Visitor impacts were studied in six camp sites representing three levels of use. Most changes in vegetation and soil, evaluated in absolute and relative terms, were statistically significant. Trampling resulted in loss of vegetation cover, and reduction in plant height and root biomass. Species composition shifted in response to increasing usage towards domination by a few trampling-resistant grasses (monocots) at the expense of sensitive woody dicots. The loss of vegetation and litter cover contributed to soil compaction, increases in bulk density, penetration resistance and bare soil cover, and decreases in void ratio and organic matter content. Structural damage led to reduction in water storage and infiltration rate. These effects have management implications with respect to the design and rehabilitation of sites to enhance durability and to relieve the excessive recreational burden. 相似文献
17.
WU Xue PAUDEL Basanta ZHANG Yili LIU Linshan WANG Zhaofeng XIE Fangdi GAO Jungang SUN Xiaomin 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(10):1419-1436
The study of mountain vertical natural belts is an important component in the study of regional differentiation.These areas are especially sensitive to climate change and have indicative function,which is the core of three-dimensional zonality research.Thus,based on high precision land cover and digital elevation model (DEM) data,and supported by MATLAB and ArcGIS analyses,this paper aimed to study the present situation and changes of the land cover vertical belts between 1990 and 2015 on the northern and southern slopes of the Koshi River Basin (KRB).Results showed that the vertical belts on both slopes were markedly dif-ferent from one another.The vertical belts on the southern slope were mainly dominated by cropland,forest,bare land,and glacier and snow cover.In contrast,grassland,bare land,sparse vegetation,glacier and snow cover dominated the northern slope.Study found that the main vertical belts across the KRB within this region have not changed substantially over the past 25 years.In contrast,on the southern slope,the upper limits of cropland and bare land have moved to higher elevation,while the lower limits of forest and glacier and snow cover have moved to higher elevation.The upper limit of alpine grassland on the northern slope retreated and moved to higher elevation,while the lower limits of glacier and snow cover and vegetation moved northward to higher elevations.Changes in the vertical belt were influenced by climate change and human activities over time.Cropland was mainly controlled by human activities and climate warming,and the reduced precipitation also led to the abandonment of cropland,at least to a certain extent.Changes in grassland and forest ecosystems were predominantly influenced by both human activities and climate change.At the same time,glacier and snow cover far away from human activities was also mainly influenced by climate warming. 相似文献
18.
陕西省渭北矿区地处黄土高原，受到自然环境和煤炭开采等人类活动的双重影响，该地区土壤侵蚀更为严重，生态环境更加脆弱。以渭北矿区为研究对象，基于RUSLE模型对渭北矿区土壤侵蚀进行了评估，并综合植被覆盖度、多年平均降水量、坡度、土地利用类型和煤炭年产量等影响因子，应用地理探测器方法对渭北矿区土壤侵蚀进行定量归因。研究结果对矿区水土流失防治具有一定参考价值。结果表明：（1）渭北矿区土壤侵蚀以微度和轻度侵蚀为主，土壤侵蚀严重的区域主要位于研究区西南部、中部和东南部。（2）植被覆盖度和多年平均降水量是造成研究区土壤侵蚀的主导因子，坡度介于20°~25°的地区、植被覆盖度小于0.3的区域和裸地是发生土壤侵蚀的高风险区。（3）渭北矿区各因子协同作用对土壤侵蚀的解释力均大于单因子解释力，因此多个因子共同作用会对土壤侵蚀造成显著影响。 相似文献
19.
贵州省关岭县土地利用/土地覆被变化及土壤侵蚀效应研究 总被引：23，自引：4，他引：19
以贵州省关岭县为例,利用1987和1999年两个时段TM影象和相关资料,分析研究区12年间的土地利用/土地覆被变化及其土壤侵蚀风险。发现:(1)研究区土地利用动态变化较大,年均土地利用综合动态指数为1.36%;(2)旱地和草地互相转化比例高,草地开垦为旱地和旱地弃耕为草地的动态变化幅度远远超过旱地和草地最终面积变化的幅度;(3)山区土地利用的空间变化主要体现在垂直方向;(4)研究区裸土面积下降,一部分被植被覆盖,另一部分由于土壤流失殆尽,形成裸露基岩,故植被覆盖率和基岩出露率上升;(5)石漠化程度加剧,其中旱地石漠化发展速度最快;(6)土壤侵蚀形势严峻。 相似文献
20.
土地利用/土地覆盖变化与土壤侵蚀关系研究进展 总被引：34，自引：7，他引：27
土壤侵蚀作为LUCC引起的主要环境效应之一,是自然和人为因素叠加的结果。不合理的土地利用和地表植被覆盖的减少对土壤侵蚀具有放大效应。土地利用/土地覆盖变化与土壤侵蚀关系的研究已逐渐成为LUCC研究和土壤侵蚀研究的一项新的重要课题。目前,涉及土地利用/土地覆盖的土壤侵蚀研究方法有很多,本文介绍了基于模型的定量研究、基于GIS和RS的研究、基于放射性同位素的研究以及基于湖泊(水库)沉积物的研究的基本原理与研究进展,同时指出了每种方法中存在的不足。 相似文献