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1.
分布式水文模型全局敏感性高效分析方法研究(英文) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Sensitivity analysis of hydrological model is the key for model uncertainty quantification. However, how to effectively validate model and identify the dominant parameters for distributed hydrological models is a bottle-neck to achieve parameters optimization. For this reason, a new approach was proposed in this paper, in which the support vector machine was used to construct the response surface at first. Then it integrates the SVM-based response surface with the Sobol’ method, i.e. the RSMSobol’ method, to quantify the parameter sensitivities. In this work, the distributed time-variant gain model (DTVGM) was applied to the Huaihe River Basin, which was used as a case to verify its validity and feasibility. We selected three objective functions (i.e. water balance coefficient WB, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient NS, and correlation coefficient RC) to assess the model performance as the output responses for sensitivity analysis. The results show that the parameters g1 and g2 are most important for all the objective functions, and they are almost the same to that of the classical approach. Furthermore, the RSMSobol method can not only achieve the quantification of the sensitivity, and also reduce the computational cost, with good accuracy compared to the classical approach. And this approach will be effective and reliable in the global sensitivity analysis for a complex modelling system. 相似文献
2.
水文循环模拟中蒸散发估算方法综述(英文) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Actual evapotranspiration is a key process of hydrological cycle and a sole term that links land surface water balance and land surface energy balance.Evapotranspiration plays a key role in simulating hydrological effect of climate change,and a review of evapotranspiration estimation methods in hydrological models is of vital importance.This paper firstly summarizes the evapotranspiration estimation methods applied in hydrological models and then classifies them into the integrated converting methods and the classification gathering methods by their mechanism.Integrated converting methods are usually used in hydrological models and two differences exist among them:one is in the potential evaporation estimation methods,while the other in the function for defining relationship between potential evaporation and actual evapotranspiration.Due to the higher information requirements of the Penman-Monteith method and the existing data uncertainty,simplified empirical methods for calculating potential and actual evapotranspiration are widely used in hydrological models.Different evapotranspiration calculation methods are used depending on the complexity of the hydrological model,and importance and difficulty in the selection of the most suitable evapotranspiration methods is discussed.Finally,this paper points out the prospective development trends of the evapotranspiration estimating methods in hydrological modeling. 相似文献
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4.
Urban expansion models are useful tools to understand urbanization process and have been given much attention.However,urban expansion is a complicated socio-economic phenomenon that is affected by complex and volatile factors involving in great uncertainties.Therefore,the accurate simulation of the urban expansion process remains challenging.In this paper,we make an attempt to solve such uncertainty through a reversal process and view urban expansion as a process wherein the urban landscape overcomes resistance from other landscapes.We developed an innovative approach derived from the minimum cumulative resistance(MCR) model that involved the introduction of a relative resistance factor for different source levels and the consideration of rigid constraints on urban expansion caused by ecological barriers.Using this approach,the urban expansion ecological resistance(UEER)model was created to describe ecological resistance surfaces suitable for simulating urban expansion and used to simulate urban expansion in Guangzhou.The study results demonstrate that the ecological resistance surface generated by the UEER model comprehensively reflects ecological resistance to urban expansion and indicates the spatial trends in urban expansion.The simulation results from the UEER-based model were more realistic and more accurately reflected ecological protection requirements than the conventional MCR-based model.These findings can enhance urban expansion simulation methods. 相似文献
5.
Theoretical difficulties for mapping and for estimating river regime characteristics in a large-scale basin remain because of the nature of the variable under study: river flows are related to a specific area, i.e. the drainage basin, and are hierarchically organized in space through the river network with upstream-downstream dependencies. Another limitation is there are not enough gauge stations in developing countries. This presentation aims at de-veloping the hydro-stochastic approach for producing choropleth maps of average annual runoff and computing mean discharge along the main river network for a large-scale basin. The approach applied to mean annual runoff is based on geostatistical interpolation proce-dures coupled with water balance and data uncertainty analyses. It is proved by an applica-tion in the upstream at Bengbu in the Huaihe River Basin, a typical large-scale basin in China. Hydro-stochasitic approach in a first step interpolates to a regular grid net and in a second step the grid values are integrated along rivers. The interpolation scheme includes a con-straint to be able to account for the lateral water balance along the rivers. Grid runoff map with 10 km × 10 km resolution and the discharge map along the river with the 1 km basic length unit are the main results in this study. This kind of statistic approach can be widely used be-cause it avoids the complexity of hydrological models and does not depend on the meteoro-logical data. 相似文献
6.
Runoff calculation is one of the key components in the hydrological modeling. For a certain spatial scale, runoff is a very complex nonlinear process. Currently, the runoff yield model in different hydrological models is not unique. The Chinese LCM model and the American SCS model describe runoff at the macroscopic scale, taking into account the relationship between total actual retention and total rainfall and having a certain similarity. In this study, by comparing the two runoff yield models using theoretical analyses and numerical simulations, we have found that:(1) the SCS model is a simple linear representation of the LCM model, and the LCM model reflects more significantly the nonlinearity of catchment runoff.(2) There are strict mathematical relationships between parameters(R, r) of the LCM model and between parameters(S) of the SCS model, respectively. Parameters(R, r) of the LCM can be determined using the research results of the SCS model parameters.(3) LCM model parameters(R, r) can be easily obtained by field experiments, while SCS parameters(S) are difficult to measure. Therefore, parameters(R, r) of the LCM model also can provide the foundation for the SCS model.(4) The SCS model has a linear relationship between the reciprocal of total actual retention and the reciprocal of total rainfall during runoff period. The one-order terms of a Taylor series expansion of the LCM model describe the same relationship, which is worth further study. 相似文献
7.
The Data Platform of Resource and Environment-whose data mainly come from field observation stations,spatial observations,and internet service institutions-is the base of data analysis and model simulation in geoscience research in China.Among this integrated data platform,the tasks of the data platform of field observation stations are principally data collection,management,assimilation,and share service.Taking into consideration the distributing characteristics of the data sources and the service objects,the authors formulated the framework of the field observation stations’ data platform based on the grid technology and designed its operating processes.The authors have further defined and analyzed the key functions and implementing techniques for each module.In a Linux operating system,validation tests for the data platform’s function on data replication,data synchronization,and unified data service have been conducted under an environment that of the simulating field stations. 相似文献
8.
熊鹰 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(6):1123-1137
The coordinated development of human settlement environment and economy is of vital significance to urban sustainable development and urban ecosystem health. Urban human settlement and economic systems exist in urban ecosystems, which are a structural complexity. Therefore the research is being challenged by some uncertain factors between human settlements and economic systems. However most of the researches were focused on its determinate objective aspects and qualitative analyses while less concern on the quantitative evaluation of coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy, especially little on its uncertain aspect. At present, the urgent task is to study the coordinated development of urban settlement environment and economy in terms of the effect of uncertainty. This study analyzed the uncertain characteristics, which would be confronted at different stages, such as confirming the index categories, their bound values, and their construction rate, etc. According to the actual urban conditions, many construction principles based on uncertainties are put forward and an indicating system for human settlement and economic evaluation is established. Moreover, the application of fuzzy mathematics presents a new method and a calculation model for the comprehensive assessment of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy. The application of the method and model in Changsha city of China showed that the assessment results can reflect not only the overall coordination degree of the city, but also the mode of interactive mechanism between urban economic system and human settlement environment. 相似文献
9.
水电开发对河流水沙变化的综合影响评价新方法(英文) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The environmental impact assessment (EIA) of cascade dams building in international rivers has been widely discussed in China and ASEAN countries since the 1990s. In Southwest China, all the great mountainous rivers have been the major state base for large-scale hydropower development. Among these rivers, the environmental change and response of the watercourse under the cascade dams building in the upper Mekong (called Lancang River in China) has been the focus in recent 20 years. In this paper, the Lancang River, which has over 25 years of large-scale hydropower development, was chosen as a case study for establishing the affected evaluation indicators system and its regression model of runoff and sediment, determining the indicators weight by the hierarchy analysis method and factor analysis method, and setting up the quantitative evaluation models of indicators affected level based on the "marginal efficiency" principle. Using these methods and model established, the influence degree of runoff and sediment in the Lancang River from 1986 to 2007 were assessed. The major results are: (1) the impact of sediment transport change by the cascade development is much higher than that of the runoff change; (2) the years’ number with different impact levels respectively are 72.7% as the "smallest" level, 18.2% as "smaller", and 9.1% as "general"; (3) the change process of runoff and sediment shows a "U-shaped" pattern, which indicates the balance of sediment change because of the interaction of sediment reduction by Manwan reservoir storage and the increase by the Dachaoshan dam construction. 相似文献
10.
Application of matter-element analysis based on entropy right to evaluate the pavement condition in permafrost region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Evaluation of pavement performance is one of the most important issues in a pavement-management system.By employing the concept of entropy,the matter-element model for evaluating pavement is established,and the weights of the evaluation indices are obtained from surveying data.By calculating the degree of dependence of the matter-element model,the pavement performance evaluation can be obtained by this method.The results show that the matter-element model based on entropy right has good performance for evaluating the pavement condition in permafrost region. 相似文献
11.
大尺度水循环模拟系统不确定性研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
水循环过程受众多自然因素和人为因素影响,决定了水循环系统的变化性和复杂性。水循环系统模型作为研究流域水文循环过程及演变规律的重要工具,必然也存在较大的不确定性,特别是对于大尺度陆-气耦合下的水循环模拟系统,其不确定性来源包括输入和参数不确定性、结构不确定性、方法不确定性以及初始和边界条件不确定性。本文在分析不确定性量化方法和传统水文模型不确定性研究基础上,重点评述当前大尺度水循环系统模拟的不确定性研究进展和存在的瓶颈问题,并介绍一种针对大型复杂动力系统的不确定性量化解决方案和工具系统-PSUADE,基于此讨论PSUADE在大尺度水循环模拟系统不确定性量化过程中的优势。 相似文献
12.
新安江模型参数的不确定性分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
水文模型的不确定性研究是水文科学研究的重要课题。模型参数的不确定性分析是水文模型不确定性研究的重要内容之一。本文采用GLUE方法分析新安江模型参数的不确定性,结论基于对不同水文特征流域的长时间径流模拟,研究发现大量"等效性"参数组存在。据此将参数总结为三类:第一类为非敏感参数,如上层张力水容量UM等。它们对似然判据,及确定性系数(R2)影响小。第二类为敏感性参数,如河网蓄水消退系数CS等,其特点是对R2的影响大。第三类为区域性敏感参数,如张力水蓄水容量曲线的方次B等,它们对R2的影响力跟流域特征密切相关。这些结论有助于理解新安江模型参数,为今后流域水文模拟提供参考。文中还展望了未来水文模型不确定性研究的发展方向。 相似文献
13.
陆面水文过程是全球/区域气候模式十分重要而又十分薄弱的环节。本文通过科学文献计量法,分析了陆面水文—气候耦合研究的发展状况及研究热点和趋势,并进一步对研究中存在的问题和挑战进行综述和探讨。现有多数气候模式中的陆面模式主要基于一维垂向结构设计,缺乏对流域尺度水文过程的精细描述,尤其缺乏下垫面人类活动影响的描述。因此,为了科学认识水文过程与气候变化的相互反馈作用机制,大量研究主要通过耦合流域水文模型与气候模式,研究不同时空尺度下水文过程变化的气候反馈效应。陆面过程模式中水文过程的改进和大尺度水文模型发展为陆面水文—气候耦合模拟奠定基础,在此基础上,陆面水文—气候耦合研究正从传统的单向耦合研究逐步发展为考虑气候—水文反馈的双向耦合研究。然而,双向耦合研究远未成熟,其问题集中表现为陆面水文—气候模型耦合过程如何匹配并提高系统稳定性、研制有效的尺度转换方案、完善参数化方案并评估参数不确定性、研制有效参数移植方法并提高模型适用性以及高分辨率甚至超分辨率模拟等方面,逐步解决上述问题并提高模拟精度是未来水文—气候耦合模拟研究的重要发展方向。 相似文献
14.
基于DEM的分布式水文模型构建方法 总被引：52，自引：4，他引：52
基于 DEM的分布式水文模型是现代水文学同高科技 (如计算机技术、 3S技术等 )相结合的产物 ,是研究变化环境下水文循环与水资源演化规律的理想工具 ,代表了水文模型的最新发展方向。从 DEM的特性出发 ,本文探讨并总结了分布式水文模型的特点、建模思路和模型基本结构框图。在流域离散化方面 ,重点介绍了分布式水文模型常用的三种单元划分方法 ;最后 ,针对分布式水文模型构建问题 ,从“输入模块”、“单元水文模型”、“河网汇流模型”三方面 ,阐述了分布式水文模型微结构构建方法。 相似文献
15.
Qiuhong Tang Xuejun Zhang Qingyun Duan Shifeng Huang Xing Yuan Huijuan Cui Zhe Li Xingcai Liu 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(7):904-920
Hydrological monitoring and seasonal forecasting is an active research field because of its potential applications in hydrological risk assessment, preparedness and mitigation. In recent decades, developments in ground and satellite measurements have made the hydrometeorological information readily available, and advances in information technology have facilitated the data analysis in a real-time manner. New progress in climate research and modeling has enabled the prediction of seasonal climate with reasonable accuracy and increased resolution. These emerging techniques and advances have enabled more timely acquisition of accurate hydrological fluxes and status, and earlier warning of extreme hydrological events such as droughts and floods. This paper gives current state-of-the-art understanding of the uncertainties in hydrological monitoring and forecasting, reviews the efforts and progress in operational hydrological monitoring system assisted by observations from various sources and experimental seasonal hydrological forecasting, and briefly introduces the current monitoring and forecasting practices in China. The grand challenges and perspectives for the near future are also discussed, including acquiring and extracting reliable information for monitoring and forecasting, predicting realistic hydrological fluxes and states in the river basin being significantly altered by human activity, and filling the gap between numerical models and the end user. We highlight the importance of understanding the needs of the operational water management and the priority to transfer research knowledge to decision-makers. 相似文献
16.
在分布式水文模型中,探索产生分布式降水数据的方法是该领域研究的热点之一,发展基于水文物理过程的模型校准方法是实践PUB的热点与难点。基于SWAT分布式水文模型,以资料稀缺的伊犁河上游为研究区域,针对流域的水资源评价关键问题,首先准确描述区域的降水空间分布特征,并基于流域水文过程采用综合流域特征、多时间尺度、多变量和多站点的适宜性模型校准新方法,取得了满意的模拟结果,表明模型较好地再现了流域的水文过程。另外,完善水文机理研究,提高降水及下垫面相关参数的观测水平是改善模型模拟的有效途径。 相似文献
17.
海河流域分布式SWAT模型的构建 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
本文基于SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)构建海河流域分布式水文模型。针对海河流域的特点,对 平原区河网和入海口进行合理概化,对土壤类型和土地利用方式进行重分类处理。应用1995~2002 年水文气象系 列资料和下垫面空间分布信息,对模型的参数进行优化和灵敏度分析,最后选取多个站点对模拟结果进行检验与 分析。研究成果为SWAT 模型在国内复杂大流域的应用提供了范例,也为海河流域变化环境下的水资源与水环境 综合管理提供重要的水文学基础支撑。 相似文献
18.
流域水文模型研究的若干进展 总被引：50，自引：9，他引：50
计算机技术和一些交叉学科的发展 ,给水文模拟的研究方法带来了根本性的变化。文章阐述了分布式物理水文模型、地理信息系统 (GIS)和遥感 (RS)技术在流域模拟中的应用等方面的进展。指出分布式模型具有良好的发展前景 ,应用 GIS的水文模型尽管有诸多优点 ,但并不能代表模型本身的高质量 ,遥感资料还没有完全融入水文模型的结构中 ,给直接应用带来较大的困难。 相似文献
19.
分布式水文模型在黄河流域的应用 总被引：41，自引：2，他引：39
流域的水资源规划和管理都离不开水资源的定量化评估。而准确评估流域的水资源量,尤其是在大流域,必须明晰不同气候、地形、土地利用等自然条件下的水文循环过程。同时农业灌溉及水库调节等人工的直接取水和调控使水文过程变得更为复杂。仅依靠气象及水文观测数据,已很难拟合出单一的降雨-径流关系来模拟和预测流域水资源的时空分布。这时就需要一种新型水文模拟手段,它可以利用地理信息来描述流域的空间不均一性,并基于物理控制方程来描述水文过程,这就是分布式水文模型。作者介绍了这种模型及其在黄河流域的应用。 相似文献
20.
气候变率影响下博茨瓦纳河流流量的时空变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Nnyaladzi BATISANI 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(3):417-428
The fourth assessment report of the IPCC highlights that the global average surface temperature is projected to increase by 1.8 to 4.0℃ by the year 2100 compared to current climate. Given that climate is the most important driver of the hydrological cycle, the rise in temperature could cause changes in occurrence patterns of extreme hydrologic events like streamflow droughts. An increase in frequency and severity of these events could pose seri-ous challenges for sustainable management of water resources particular in arid regions. However, the understanding of water resources dynamics and the possible impacts of climate change on these dynamics is hindered by uncertainties in climate change models and com-plex hydrological responses of streams and catchments to climatic changes. Therefore ob-servational evidence of streamflow dynamics at the local scale could play a crucial role in addressing these uncertainties and achieving a fuller reconciliation between model-based scenarios and ground truth. This paper determines spatial and temporal changes in stream-flow volumes and their association with climatic factors based on the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and ANOVA to determine possible changes in streamflow over the years and their relation to climatic factors. Streamflow is generally stochastic highlighting the im-portance of factoring in temporal flow variability in water resources planning. There is no clear evidence that changes in climatic variables are related to streamflow behaviour. 相似文献