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本文用１９９３和１９９４年７～１２月中山站及昭和站大气臭氧观测资料和１９９３年７～１２月中山站地面温度、气压及戴维斯站探空资料，对南极臭氧洞期间中山站和昭和站的中期振荡特征进行了研究。结果表明：准一周和准二周振荡是南极地区大气臭氧和各层次温压参数普遍存在的两种主振荡周期，且在不同年份其振荡强度也有所不同。在中山站和昭和站地区，１９９３年大气各参数的准二周振荡强度大于准一周振荡，准一周和准二周振荡都是由西向东传播的；而在１９９４年则除准一周振荡外未出现准二周振荡。在普里兹湾地区平流层中下部臭氧和等压面高度、温度准一周和准二周振荡的位相差很小，振荡是同时发生的。准一周和准二周振荡都可以由上而下或由下而上地穿越对流层顶，平流层和对流层的中期振荡有着密切的关系。准二周振荡是大气中普遍存在的一种天气尺度的中期振荡，在不同地区可以对应不同的天气实体。在南极地区，大气臭氧总量的准二周振荡可能是极涡本身固有振荡的反映，而周期较短的准一周振荡则可能是外来扰动强迫振荡的反映。 相似文献
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１９９３年中国南极中山站（６９°２２＇Ｓ，７６°２２＇Ｅ）的一台波长为０．６９４μｍ的激光雷达对平流层进行了５３次探测，从激光大气回波信号计算出平流层气溶胶后向散射比的垂直分布和１２～３０ｋｍ高度范围内的积分后向散射系数。探测结果表明因受菲律宾Ｐｉｎａｔｕｂｏ火山爆发的影响，１９９３年南极地区平流层气溶胶粒子含量比１９９０年明显增加，证实了南极冬季平流层云的存在。平流层气溶胶为两层结构，１２ｋｍ附近高度上始终存在着一层厚度为数公里的气溶胶层，２５ｋｍ附近高度的一层变化较大。 相似文献
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极涡是北极中上层对流层和平流层大气的持续性大尺度气旋性环流,它的活动和变化控制着泛极地半永久性活动中心和副极地短时间尺度的气旋活动。极涡强度变化直接关系到北极大气、海洋、海冰和生态环境,影响低层大气环流,影响副极地甚至中纬度天气。中国第2次北极科学考察期间正是北极平流层中上层暖性反气旋性环流向冷性气旋性环流转变和极涡建立时期。一些学者已通过平流层和对流层耦合机制的研究探索极涡变化对低层环流的作用。平流层爆发性增暖对极涡变化影响早已引起人们关注。本文概述我们对极涡的认识,总结近期有关极涡变化对低层环流的作用以及它对气候影响的机制研究的进展,并讨论对一些问题的看法。 相似文献
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本文利用昭和基地(69°00′S,39°35′E)的探空和臭氧原始资料,分析研究了1988年8月下旬的一次南极平流层暴发性增温过程。本文分析了这一增温过程中的臭氧总量、30hPa气温、增温率及西风风速的变化关系。发现在这次南极冬季平流层暴发性增温中30hPa气温、30hPa西风风速与臭氧总量之间存在着非常好的正相关,同时发现臭氧总量的变化与30hPa增温率的变化之间存在着滞后关系。而在平流层发生暴发性增温之前,在对流层有一次大的西风扰动。由此,可以认为这次平流层暴发性增温的原因可能是对流层西风扰动引起的行星波上传,而臭氧的加热不可能是这次平流层暴发性增温的原因。 相似文献
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南极臭氧洞期间中山站和昭和站大气臭氧的中期振荡特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文用１９９３和１９９４年７－１２月中山及昭和站大气臭氧观测资料和１９９３年７－１２月中山站地面温度，气压及戴维斯站探空资料，对南极臭氧洞期间中山站和昭和站的中斯振荡特征进行了研究。结果表明：准一周和准二周振荡是南极地区大气臭氧和各层次温压参数普遍存在的两种主振荡周期，且在不同年份其振荡强度也有所不同。 相似文献
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本文利用昭和基地 (6 9°0 0′ S,3 9°3 5′ E) 1 982～ 1 987年的臭氧总量的探空资料 ,着重分析了1 987年南极昭和站极夜期间臭氧含量变化与 5 0 h Pa风速、气温及变温的关系。发现在极夜期间 ,臭氧含量与 5 0 h Pa风速存在较好的相关性。根据热成风原理 ,计算了极夜期间的温度平流项 ,发现臭氧含量与 5 0 h Pa温度平流也存在一定的相关性 ,变温 ΔT的变化主要是由温度平流引起的。平流层臭氧只具有微弱的加热效应 相似文献
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利用可见／紫外差分吸收光谱学方法，在１９９１年南极臭氧洞期间对中山站地区的大气臭氧和ＮＯ２含量进行了测量。分析结果指出，对中山站地区而言，１９９１年大气臭氧含量的迅速减少开始于８月中旬，到１０月３日达最低值，并很快于１０月７日恢复到正常值。大气臭氧和ＮＯ２的变化有很好的正相关性，相关系数达０．６９；臭氧洞期间，ＮＯ２含量一直处于低值，且层的高度较高。这表明１９９１年春季中山站地区臭氧含量的减少不是由奇氮的的催化损耗过程所致 相似文献
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利用可见／紫外差分吸收光谱学方法，在１９９１年南极臭氧洞期间对中山站地区的大气臭氧和ＮＯ２含量进行了测量。分析结果指出，对中山站地区面言，１９９１年大气臭氧含量的迅速减少开始于８月中旬，到１０月３日达最低值，并很于１０月７日恢复到正常值。 相似文献
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With the recognition that global climate change may adversely affect human health, there has been an increase in relevant research worldwide. In the Antarctic medical research has been largely directed at the potential health effects of stratospheric ozone depletion. For over a decade continuous broad-band measurements of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have been made at all Australian stations. Results of UV measurements are presented and comparisons made with the "ozone hole" moving over the stations, erythemal UVR increasing by a factor of more than 2.5 over a three day period. During late spring and despite the large difference in latitude, Davis, Antarctica, and Melbourne, Australia, are very similar in erythemal UVR. Antarctic immunological and photobiological research is presented and the role of UVR discussed. Epidemiological data is reviewed for short-term links between UVR and related disease. With increased awareness of the dangers of UVR and consequent changes in sun-related behaviour, the incidence of the acute effects of UVR is much lower than decades ago. As the itinerant Antarctic population spends a maximum of 12-1 8 months at a time in that location it is an excellent control group for studies on the health effects of UVR on permanent populations at similar latitudes in the Arctic. 相似文献
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Earlier views regarding the relative insignificance of Antarctic science have been rudely shattered by recent developments. The International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957–1958 represented a major turning point for research in Antarctica, even if it is a mistake to believe that no useful scientific work was performed during the pre-IGY period. The IGY provided a sound foundation for the development of Antarctic scientific activity in a wide range of disciplines, including glaciology, atmospheric sciences and medicine. The intrinsic value of research in Antarctica is reinforced by its relevance to an improved understanding of global environmental systems; stratospheric ozone depletion was first identified at Halley base station. Minerals, as yet unproven, have highlighted the conservation problems inherent in the utilization of any Antarctic resources. Marine living resources are at present under threat of over-exploitation in some areas. The 1990s hold the promise for a brighter scientific future for Antarctica, but only as long as the Antarctic Treaty system continues in operation. 相似文献
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LATE‐GLACIAL GLACIER EVENTS IN SOUTHERNMOST SOUTH AMERICA: A BLEND OF ‘NORTHERN’ AND 'SOUTHERN’ HEMISPHERIC CLIMATIC SIGNALS? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
D.E. SUGDEN M.J. BENTLEY C.J. FOGWILL N.R.J. HULTON R.D. McCULLOCH R.S. PURVES 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2005,87(2):273-288
ABSTRACT. This paper examines new geomorphological, chronological and modelling data on glacier fluctuations in southernmost South America in latitudes 46–55°S during the last glacial–interglacial transition. Establishing leads and lags between the northern and southern hemispheres and between southern mid‐latitudes and Antarctica is key to an appreciation of the mechanisms and resilience of global climate. This is particularly important in the southern hemisphere where there is a paucity of empirical data. The overall structure of the last glacial cycle in Patagonia has a northern hemisphere signal. Glaciers reached or approached their Last Glacial Maxima on two or more occasions at 25–23 ka (calendar) and there was a third less extensive advance at 17.5 ka. Deglaciation occurred in two steps at 17.5 ka and at 11.4 ka. This structure is the same as that recognized in the northern hemisphere and taking place in spite of glacier advances occurring at a time of high southern hemisphere summer insolation and deglaciation at a time of decreasing summer insolation. The implication is that at orbital time scales the‘northern’ signal dominates any southern hemisphere signal. During deglaciation, at a millennial scale, the glacier fluctuations mirror an antiphase 'southern’ climatic signal as revealed in Antarctic ice cores. There is a glacier advance coincident with the Antarctic Cold Reversal at 15.3–12.2 ka. Furthermore, deglaciation begins in the middle of the Younger Dryas. The implication is that, during the last glacial–interglacial transition, southernmost South America was under the influence of sea surface temperatures, sea ice and southern westerlies responding to conditions in the 'southern’ Antarctic domain. Such asynchrony may reflect a situation whereby, during deglaciation, the world is more sensitized to fluctuations in the oceanic thermohaline circulation, perhaps related to the bipolar seesaw, than at orbital timescales. 相似文献
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南极半岛及附近地区经常出现大风天气,它是影响该地区的主要天气现象.造成大风的主要天气系统是极地气旋.极地气旋的强弱、移速和路径的不同,对南极半岛及附近地区的影响也不同.而周围的环境流场也是形成大风的重要因素.所以,分析天气形势背景,对做好该地区大风天气现象的预报是十分重要的.本文利用1985年1月到1987年10月中国南极长城站接收的智利南极弗雷气象中心播发的南半球地面传真天气图,北京气象中心绘制的南半球地面和500hPa高空天气图资料,结合长城站的地面气象观测资料,对影响南极半岛及附近地区的大风天气过程进行了分析和研究.主要根据地面天气图上的天气形势归纳为四种类型:(1)强极地高压型;(2).强副热带高压型;(3)南美大陆高压型;(4)副热带高压脊线南伸型.同时,结合分析结果提出了预报南极半岛及附近地区大风天气的思路. 相似文献
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政府间国际气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）2007年发布了第4次评估报告后,全球气候变化问题再次成为国际社会、科技界和社会公众关注的焦点之一,并迅速成为了一个重要的国际科学和政治议题。 2007年以来,尤其是第4次国际极地年的实施,越来越多的观测和研究事实表明,北极和南极地区正在出现快速地变化着,这些变化也正在从量上到质量变化,当在跨越这种变化的阈门时,可能出现：北冰洋会在2040年前后出现夏季无海冰所引起的北半球大范围的持续暴雪的寒冷冬季;2050年左右南极上空臭氧空洞可能消失并恢复到上世纪80年代水平,南极地区可能会快速升温并引起东南极冰盖和海冰快速融化,使海平面升高加速;极区海水温度快速升高会驱动极区表层海洋和上覆大气之间CO2分压平衡加速,极区海洋也会大量吸收大气CO2,并诱发海水酸化及对极区生态系统产生不可逆的破坏。因此,南极和北极地区的快速变化,正在扮演对全球气候变化的指示和调控作用。 相似文献