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1.
利用GIS对中国、美国、澳大利亚海岸线进行了研究。主要内容包括：第一,同方法与同比例尺图源情况下各自海岸线分维的计算与比较;第二,中美澳海岸线分维随纬向的可能变化特征探讨;第三,海岸线分维在海岸线整体与部分之间的可能变化关系。所得结论在一定程度上丰富与加深了对海岸线分形性质的认识。 相似文献
2.
基于GPS数据的城市居民通勤弹性研究——以北京市郊区巨型社区为例 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
通勤是居民出行行为的重要组成部分,受到地理、规划、交通等领域的广泛关注,已有对通勤的研究多利用问卷调查数据,定位技术与信息通信技术为个体行为时空数据的采集带来了新的契机。本研究关注个体在不同工作日中通勤的可变性,将活动弹性的概念引入对通勤行为的研究中,提出通勤弹性的概念,并界定了时间、空间、方式、路径4 个通勤弹性维度,通过探讨4 种弹性之间的相互作用关系,提出7 种基于弹性的理论通勤模式。研究以北京市天通苑与亦庄两个郊区巨型社区为案例,基于活动日志与GPS 定位数据相结合的为期一周的居民时空行为数据,分别利用传统方法和通勤弹性视角研究居民的通勤特征,验证通勤弹性现象的存在以及该视角透视城市居民通勤行为的合理性,并利用GIS 三维可视化技术对7 种理论通勤模式居民的活动—移动时空特征进行刻画,从而透视北京市郊区巨型社区居民的通勤特征及复杂模式,为北京市城市与交通问题的解决提供了独特的视角。 相似文献
3.
运用市场份额和亲景度指标,定量分析2000—2006年(2003年除外)甘肃省入境旅游客源市场的市场份额和亲景度的时空变化特征,并探讨了4种市场类型与4类亲景度市场的相关性,据此确定目前甘肃省入境旅游客源市场适宜发展的4类模式:重点市场、主要市场、潜在市场和机会市场,为甘肃省入境旅游客源市场定位和开拓提供科学依据,并提出甘肃省入境旅游发展的相关对策、措施。 相似文献
4.
江南水乡游客满意度的多维度影响因素测量模型 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以江南水乡实证为例,从资源价值维度、旅游功能维度、心理满足维度、场所环境维度、负面评价维度等5个维度,探讨江南水乡游客满意度的多维度影响因素。偏最小二乘法回归显示,就江南水乡这种特定类型的旅游地而言,各个维度的影响重要性依次是：资源价值维度（0.203）>场所环境维度（0.183）>旅游功能维度（0.179）>心理满足维度（0.173）>负面评价维度（0.072）。重要的实践指示意义在于,对不同类型的旅游地应该进行针对性的游客满意度测评,包括其多维度的影响因素设计,及其影响因素可能存在的不同影响重要性的组合顺序。 相似文献
5.
Social media analytics has become prominent in natural disaster management. In spite of a large variety of metadata fields in social media data, four dimensions (i.e. space, time, content and network) have been given particular attention for mining useful information to gain situational awareness and improve disaster response. In this article, we review how existing studies analyze these four dimensions, summarize common techniques for mining these dimensions, and then suggest some methods accordingly. We then propose a schema to categorize the gathered articles into 15 classes and facilitate the generation of data analysis tasks. We find that (1) a large part of studies involve multiple dimensions of social media data in their analyses, (2) there are both separate analyses for each dimension and simultaneous analyses for multiple dimensions and (3) there are fewer simultaneous analyses as dimensions increase. Finally, we suggest research opportunities and challenges in fusing social media data with authoritative datasets, i.e. census data and remote-sensing data. 相似文献
6.
城镇化与生态环境“耦合魔方”的基本概念及框架 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
城镇化与生态环境耦合系统是人地关系地域系统的重要一环,面对新时代全球尺度的远程联系、时空压缩与社会经济重构,传统的研究框架急需转型和升级。借鉴人地关系地域系统、远程耦合和星球城市化等理论,从复杂性科学视角出发,首先解析了城镇化与生态环境耦合系统的内涵,进而从空间、时间、表象和组织四个维度,提出了一个解释城镇化与生态环境耦合机理的分析框架——“耦合魔方（CHNC）”,并论述了其概念、内涵、演化规律和分析框架：魔方中的系统与系统、系统与要素、要素与要素间通过各种“耦合线”相互联系与作用,形成一个彼此嵌套、相互联系、对立统一的有机整体;魔方的旋转代表了不同地域间城镇化与生态环境的时空非线性耦合作用,系统通过不断能量交换,产生临界相变与整体涌现性,长期处于有序与无序之间的中间状态;“耦合魔方”包括近远程耦合、近远期耦合、组内间耦合和显隐性耦合,共四个维度,八种类型。重点剖析了远程、远期、组间和隐性耦合的科学内涵、研究方法与典型案例,并形成更具普遍意义的人地关系耦合矩阵。“耦合魔方”为揭示城镇化与生态环境耦合系统的演化和机理提供一个更加全面系统的跨学科研究范式,拓展了人地系统耦合研究的分析维度,为面向人类福祉的区域可持续发展政策制定提供科学支撑。 相似文献
7.
中国大陆山系、断层系与水系的空间维数及其关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据分形理论,应用网格法系统地探讨了中国大陆山系、断层系与水系的空间分形结构,并计算出中国大陆以及三大自然区山系、断层系与水系的空间维数,在此基础上还探讨了山系、断层系与水系空间维数在三大自然区的变化情况。得出的基本结论为：(1)中国大陆山系、断层系与水系的空间分形结构是客观存在的;(2)中国大陆山系的空间维数值为1．1513,中国大陆断层系的空间维数值为1．2507,中国大陆水系的空间维数值为1．4169;(3)在三大自然区中,山系、断层系空间维数值均以青藏高原区相对为最大,而以西北干旱区相对为最小,山系与断层系空间维数值的变化在空间上有着一致的对应关系,山系空间维数值较大,则断层系空间维数值亦较大,而水系空间维数值的大小依次为东部季风区水系、青藏高原区水系与西北干旱区水系;(4)中国大陆山系、断层系空间维数响应的关系为DF＝0．6884DM 0．4446(式中：DM为山系的空间维数,DF为断层系的空间维数)。该式不仅为山系、断层系关系的定量化研究提供了全新的手段,而且还为山系、断层系内在密切关系的证实提供了全新的分形理论的证据;(5)整个中国大陆山系、断层系与水系的空间维数值并不等于三大自然区相应要素空间级数值的简单加和平均值;(6)进行山系等地貌现象的分形研究,应遵循相同的分维计算方法,否则将失去进行分维数横纵向比较的意义。 相似文献
8.
Sustainability and Sahelian soils: evidence from Niger 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
It is difficult to produce systems for judging sustainability, despite general enthusiasm for the concept. Here we evaluate the 'capitals' formulation for sustainability, which attempts to bring together the social and the environmental dimensions of the issue, and which has gained wide currency. We concentrate our attention on the 'natural capital' element in this framework, which has apparently been seen as its least problematical component. We use data on soil erosion from a Sahelian agricultural community in Niger. Despite apparently high rates of erosion, we find it difficult to decide whether the system is sustainable (using the capitals or any other framework). It is even dubious whether sustainability is an urgent concern. We caution against imposing yet another poorly formulated set of concepts on this and similar systems. 相似文献
9.
Human well-being is an important concept for human-nature interactions and affected by social, ecologic, and personal factors. There is increasing consensus about the importance of public perceptions of human well-being, but studies on this are still scarce. Here, we conducted 445 face-to-face interviews to assess subjective well-being across diverse respondents and landscapes in the Huailai mountain-basin system, China. The results suggest the actualization process of human well-being is similar to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. We found that mental health was disregarded by most respondents, while basic material for a good life was most valued. Moreover, our results show differences of well-being across different socio-demographic and landscapes characteristics. Apart from good social relations, elderly respondents had highest levels of human well-being in all other four dimensions; respondents from mountainous land with a high level of ecological conservation had the lowest level of well-being. We discuss the factors contribution to well-being and its implications for local management and policies. Understanding the implications of respondents and landscapes characteristics on human well-being can help managers to develop efficient and specific policies. 相似文献
10.
中国城市空间形态分形维及时空演变 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于国家资源环境数据库土地利用数据,估算了1990年和2000年我国31个大城市的分形维,讨论了基于面积周长关系定义的分形维和基于周长尺度关系定义的分形维之间关系,表明二者之间虽有差异,但存在显著的线性正相关关系,即随着基于周长尺度关系定义的分形维数值增加,基于面积周长关系定义的分形维数值也增加.我国城市的分形维总体变化趋势是:从1990到2000年均呈减少趋势,且南方城市的分形维大于北方城市.造成这一现象的原因是区域自然地理环境和土地利用方式的差异. 相似文献
11.
Stephanie Buechler 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):295-297
This article examines the former location-based social medium Brightkite, over its three-year life span, based on the concept of natural cities. The term natural cities refers to spatially clustered geographic events, such as the agglomerated patches aggregated from individual social media users’ locations. We applied the head/tail division rule to derive natural cities, based on the fact that there are far more low-density areas than high-density areas on the Earth's surface. More specifically, we generated a triangulated irregular network, made up of individual unique user locations, and then categorized small triangles (smaller than an average) as natural cities for the United States (mainland) on a monthly basis. The concept of natural cities provides a powerful means to develop new insights into the evolution of real cities, because there are virtually no data available to track the history of cities across their entire life spans and at very fine spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, natural cities can act as a good proxy of real cities, in the sense of understanding underlying interactions, at a global level, rather than of predicting cities, at an individual level. Apart from the data produced and the contributed methods, we established new insights into the structure and dynamics of natural cities; for example, the idea that natural cities evolve in nonlinear manners at both spatial and temporal dimensions. 相似文献
12.
This study examined the effects of task demand and familiarity on students' perception and processing of spatial information upon viewing visuospatial representations. Participants in South Korea were told that they would travel through an area, either drawing a map or observing the scenery depicted in photographs. The level of familiarity in the photographs was manipulated in three categories: neighborhood, Seoul (capital city of South Korea), and foreign cities. In two experiments, this study investigated students' eye movements, memory, and response sensitivity and bias. The results indicate that the participants in the map-drawing condition focused on structural information, such as routes, and that their memory of the scenes was more accurate. Moreover, the map-drawing group students were more sensitive and prudent in their responses. The increased level of familiarity also made students focus on structural information. The findings provide useful strategies for geography educators to use visuospatial representations. 相似文献
13.
苏州国际旅游客源市场时空变化特征研究 总被引：34，自引：3，他引：34
汪德根 《地理与地理信息科学》2006,22(2):100-104
运用亲景度和市场竞争态指标,定量分析1995—2004年苏州国际旅游客源市场亲景度和竞争态的时间和空间变化特征,并从时空角度探讨4类亲景度市场和4种市场竞争态的相关性,据此确定苏州国际旅游宜发展的4类市场:重点市场、主要市场、潜在市场和机会市场,并提出开拓苏州国际客源市场的建议。 相似文献
14.
The influence of environmental familiarity on spatial knowledge development in the context of campuses and their surrounding environments has been well documented. However, existing studies have rarely stressed the distinction between the architectural styles of a campus and its surrounding environment. This study thus targets a campus with a historical architectural style that contrasts strongly with the surrounding modern environment, to gain a fresh view on how spatial knowledge develops with environmental familiarity on such a unique campus. This study recruited 30 freshmen and 28 sophomores to complete landmark selection, route sketching, and distance estimation tasks used to measure their spatial knowledge. The results mainly revealed that spatial knowledge developed by freshmen and sophomores stayed at a similar level as no significant differences were detected. As such, the key implication of this study is that spatial knowledge could be developed to the largest cognitive extent within a short period (i.e., 1.5 months) after students have entered a new campus in which the architectural style contrasts strongly with its surrounding environment. Increased environmental familiarity did not significantly promote their spatial knowledge development as sophomores with about an added year of campus stay performed similarly to freshmen. 相似文献
15.
Niki A. Rust Amber Abrams Daniel W. S. Challender Guillaume Chapron Arash Ghoddousi Jenny A. Glikman 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(10):1304-1310
Qualitative methods are important to gain a deep understanding of complex problems and poorly researched areas. They can be particularly useful to help explain underlying conservation problems. However, the significance in choosing and justifying appropriate methodological frameworks in conservation studies should be given more attention to ensure data are collected and analysed appropriately. We explain when, why, and how qualitative methods should be used and explain sampling strategies in qualitative studies. To improve familiarity with qualitative methods among natural scientists, we recommend expanding training in social sciences and increasing collaboration with social scientists. Given the scale of human impacts on the environment, this type of nuanced analytical skill is critical for progressing biodiversity conservation efforts. 相似文献
16.
In recent years, a vibrant literature on urban informality has emerged in urban geography. A key claim of this literature is that informality is not only present in cities in the Global South, and that the concept can be usefully applied to understand important dimensions of urbanisation in cities in the Global North. In this paper, we apply insights from that literature to an examination of informality in Australian cities, as a means of deepening our understanding of changes currently underway in urban governance and politics. Drawing on that literature and our own research into informal practices in Australian cities, we examine the forces that help to produce informality, the diverse forms and agents of informality, the forms of authority that they enact, and their relationship to formal economies, regulations and politics. We use examples of informal housing, informal labour, do-it-yourself music venues, graffiti and its regulation, food foraging, and queer community building in Sydney to illustrate our arguments. We conclude by reflecting on the lessons learnt across these diverse cases for our understanding of urban governance and politics in Australia, and offer an agenda for further research on this issue. 相似文献
17.
从基于现象学路径的地方感研究引入,批判性地借鉴地方芭蕾概念,按照人地之间实际相处的亲疏程度不同,将广州天河体育中心公共休闲空间中的人地关系区分为三类：日常式相处、周期式相处、背景式相处。其中背景式相处的人地关系已经超越了地方芭蕾概念的解释边界,由此引发出如下两个值得进一步探讨的理论命题：第一,“人地整体”或“人地相处”或可取代人文主义地理学研究中用以刻画人地关系本质的“地方整体”概念;第二,目前主流的地方感研究实质上是一种基于心理学的局部的地方感研究,在它之外还应有一种围绕着人地相处的各种实际可能性来展开的整体的地方感研究,以及一种接近于哲学层次的人地关系基础研究。 相似文献
18.
书法文化的区域初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
由回顾地理视角下书法艺术研究的历史入手, 辩析了区域层面上的书法内涵和书法文化概念, 为开展系统的书法文化区域研究奠定了基础。然后由对中国以往书法文化区域研究的评价引出作者所构建的书法文化区域研究的理论框架： 空间维包括 ３ 个方面的内容, 即书法文化的地域空间研究; 书法文化空间相互作用研究; 异质性空间的书法文化研究。时间维着重不同时段书法文化的比较研究, 书法文化的演变态势研究; 实践维则强调从文化景观的角度来研究书法文化并拓展其应用领域。最后又对书法文化区域研究理论展开了实证分析, 尝试用这一理论把世界的书法划分为 ５ 大区域, 即汉文字圈书法文化区, 阿拉伯文字圈书法文化区, 拉丁文字圈书法文化区, 斯拉夫文字圈书法文化区, 印度文字圈书法文化区。 相似文献
19.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(5):258-263
Abstract Many universities are introducing courses to teach students the principles of geographic information systems (GIS). In addition to lectures, exercises with commercial GIS software are offered to show basic operations. Although students learn to execute such operations, the software may hide their internal structure and logic. We propose using a spreadsheet program as a teaching tool for raster operations such as filter and overlay. Spreadsheets offer a practical way to demonstrate and experiment with raster operations, because the raster structure is captured in the form of rows and columns. With this tool, students are able to perform and visualize operations as well as to see how the data are processed by the algorithms. Our approach is new in that we concentrate on the algorithms of operations. We make explicit which raster functions are actually evaluated when performing a particular operation. We conclude that there are good reasons for using spreadsheets in comparison to traditional GIS software when teaching raster operations. These are demonstration in class, simple user interface, familiarity to students, low cost, flexibility of changing cell values, ease of changing parameters, easy programming environment, and the possibility to look behind the scenes of operations by viewing the code. 相似文献
20.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(4):214-218
Abstract Beginning students of geography often have difficulty understanding contour and other isoline maps. If the contours can be seen in three dimensions, this concept of surface representation is grasped much more readily. The simplest way for an instructor to demonstrate the isoline concept is to draw stereopair contour images, which, when viewed through a stereoscope, show a three-dimensional surface. Crude, but effective stereocontour maps can be drawn by anyone, regardless of cartographic skill, by using the method outlined in this paper. 相似文献