共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
三峡生态脆弱区耕地非市场价值评估 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
经济补偿是破解耕地保护外部效应外溢的有效途径。耕地非市场价值是耕地保护外部效应的核心,合理评估这部分价值对耕地保护经济补偿标准的确定具有重要的参考价值。本文运用条件价值法对三峡生态脆弱区耕地非市场价值进行了评估,对712 份有效问卷统计分析表明：① 生态脆弱与贫困耦合地区居民对耕地保护及耕地非市场价值的认知存在一定差异,经济、文化、社会、政府、心理等因素影响到民众的认知水平。② 农户对耕地非市场价值支付意愿率达到76.77%,城镇居民支付意愿率仅占到64.87%。受访者往往将耕地价值与自身的切身利益结合,更多地表现为理性经济人而非理性社会人。③ Probit 回归与Logit 回归分析表明,经济社会特征对受访者的决策产生一定影响。收入限制成为影响农户决策的主导因素,而捐赠历史与耕地保护认知成为影响城镇居民决策的主导因素。④ 农户与城镇居民的最大支付意愿分别为157.92元/(户·a) 和206.28 元/(户·a)。受访者单位耕地支付意愿为607.65 元/(hm2·a),最终评估出三峡生态脆弱区耕地非市场价值约为104.26×108元。 相似文献
2.
基于生计视角的异质性农户转户退耕决策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对重庆市贫困与生态脆弱区的云阳县、石柱土家族自治县376 户农户调研基础上, 将农户划为纯农户、农业主导户、非农主导户和弃农农户, 基于生计视角对农户转户退耕决策进行了解释。结果表明:①重庆市农户兼业普遍, 兼业是农户重要的生计策略;从纯农户到弃农农户, 农户生计资产依次递增, 尤其是人力资产、金融资产和社会资产。②随着兼业程度提高, 农户生计策略逐渐多元化。纯农户生计高度依赖土地;农业主导户开始选择非农兼业;非农主导户生计多样化指数最高;弃农农户生计已经转移到非农产业。③生计是影响农户转户退耕决策的关键因素:纯农户生计资产匮乏, 决策受政策导向明显;作为理性经济人, 对土地经济收益的依赖使农业主导户转户退耕意愿不明显, 对政策响应平淡;非农主导户将权衡转户退耕的补偿与损失, 政策响应模糊;弃农农户资产丰富, 对转户退耕决策响应积极。基于户籍制度改革和可持续生计视角, 本文提出了理性政府行为的3 大对策, 即:建立转户退耕的社保及补偿、激励机制;基于农户生计视角, 实施各种工程措施及惠民政策, 促进农户生计策略多元化;针对不同区位的农户实施差别化的政策。 相似文献
3.
农户生计策略与土地功能之间的相互作用关系是区域人地关系的核心。本文基于人地关系理论,以我国西南山区625户农户实证调查数据为基础,构建山区农户生计策略和土地"三生"功能耦合协调度模型,分析二者之间的耦合度、耦合协调度及其地域分异规律。研究表明:(1)农户生计策略与土地"三生"功能存在耦合性,五类农户耦合度均在0.47～0.50,属于中度耦合;(2)农业兼业型农户生计策略与土地"三生"功能耦合协调程度最高。山区农户在投入农业生产的同时,从事其他兼业活动,不仅能够提升可持续收入生计水平,对土地"三生"功能也有良好的保护和促进作用;(3)不同类型山区农户生计策略与土地"三生"功能耦合协调度存在较为明显的地域分异特征:随海拔的升高和地形高差的增大,耦合协调度呈现逐渐降低的趋势;经济较发达山区耦合协调度高于一般发达和欠发达山区。本研究结果可以为山区农户生计改善和国土空间格局优化提供一定理论和实践参考。 相似文献
4.
中国耕地保护机制建设研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文综合运用文献资料法、对比分析法评述了中国耕地保护机制建设研究进展,分析了存在的主要问题,并展望了下一步的研究重点与方向。研究结果表明:中国耕地保护机制建设重点研究了耕地保护经济补偿机制和共同责任机制。对经济补偿模式与整体框架设计、经济补偿标准厘定、经济补偿资金管理与运作、中央政府-地方政府耕地保护关系、耕地保护多主体共同责任关系等问题进行了分析。基于分析得出机制建设是耕地保护的治本之策,农户行为与意愿研究、耕地非市场价值研究、中央政府激励机制设计将是下一步研究主要方向的结论。 相似文献
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针对农户开发利用消落带耕地对三峡库区的环境影响,从意愿角度对重庆市涪陵区、丰都区247户农户进行实地调研,采用多项Logistic回归模型分析法,定量分析农户对生态休耕经济补偿需求的影响因素,为构建三峡库区环境保护经济补偿机制提供建议。研究结果表明:1农户的经济补偿需求意愿存在较大差异;2生态休耕比较效益、家庭人口数、家庭年人均纯收入、生态休耕意愿指数、经济补偿期望值对农户生态休耕经济补偿需求影响显著。研究结论:三峡库区消落带的受访农户对生态休耕经济补偿的需求意愿较强,构建适当的经济补偿机制满足该地区农户的补偿诉求势在必行。 相似文献
6.
三峡库区消落带农户生态休耕经济补偿意愿及影响因素研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
针对农户开发利用消落带耕地对三峡库区的环境影响,从意愿角度对重庆市涪陵区、丰都区247户农户进行实地调研,采用多项Logistic回归模型分析法,定量分析农户对生态休耕经济补偿需求的影响因素,为构建三峡库区环境保护经济补偿机制提供建议。研究结果表明：① 农户的经济补偿需求意愿存在较大差异;② 生态休耕比较效益、家庭人口数、家庭年人均纯收入、生态休耕意愿指数、经济补偿期望值对农户生态休耕经济补偿需求影响显著。研究结论：三峡库区消落带的受访农户对生态休耕经济补偿的需求意愿较强,构建适当的经济补偿机制满足该地区农户的补偿诉求势在必行。 相似文献
7.
农户耕地保护意愿影响因素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以福建厦门、福州、南平为例,通过对627户农户的问卷调查,全面比较分析不同经济发展水平地区农户耕地保护意愿的影响因素,结果表明:(1)家庭特征是影响各地区农户耕地保护意愿的基础与普遍性因素;(2)经济价值认知是影响经济欠发达地区农户耕地保护意愿的核心因素;(3)用途转换收益是影响经济发达地区农户耕地保护意愿的关键因素;(4)政策相关特征是农户耕地保护意愿的导向性因素。为提升农户耕地保护意愿、守住耕地资源红线,建议结合地方经济水平,制定出符合当地实际的耕地保护政策;尊重农户意愿,合理调整耕地保护政策执行方式;建立符合市场经济要求的农村土地流转机制,推进耕地集中经营。 相似文献
8.
农户对农村居民点整合的意愿及其驱动机制——以重庆市沙坪坝区曾家镇白林村为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农村居民点整合作为乡村治理的重要内容,在时间上,既要与农村居民点建设相联系,又要真实反映未农户的居住意愿、需求与偏好;在空间上,既要满足不同农户的生产、生活需求,还要考虑农户所在村落的空间层次;尊重农户的整合意愿与发挥农村居民点整合效应间的耦合,已成为农村居民点整合和解决民生的重心。研究选取重庆市沙坪坝区曾家镇白林村为样点,采取“PRA(Participatory Rural Appraisal)+3S(GIS+RS+GPS)”的方法建立“农户—土地”空间特征与属性特征一体化数据库,按农户生计资产配置结构和未来生计发展趋势,剖析不同类型农户对农村居民点整合的意愿及其驱动机制。结果表明:农户农村居民点整合意愿各异,非农专业化发展型(72.82%)>非农多样化发展型(49.66%)>兼业发展型(44.44%)>农业专业化发展型(36.84%)>农业多样化发展型(37.33%)。农户农村居民点整合意愿受家庭经济、居住环境、社会交往及政策等多种因素的影响,而农户后顾生计来源及其收入变化、居住条件、邻里关系、社会地位感知是农户农村居民点整合意愿形成的重要驱动机制。 相似文献
9.
实行耕地休耕是我国近年对耕地保护和耕地利用转型的重大国家战略，而农户对休耕地进行管护是保证耕地休耕生态效应的重要前提。研究选取河北省邢台市2个乡镇12个村为分析样本，建立农户特征、家庭特征、认知意识、耕地利用状况等影响因素集合，利用结构方程模型对农户参与休耕地管护的意愿及行为选择进行分析。结果表明：（1） 有无经济补偿对农户休耕管护意愿影响较大。（2） 影响农户对休耕地管护的意愿和行为的潜在变量不尽相同，但认知意识对两者均起较大作用。（3） 党员身份、村干部身份、家庭总人数、农户心中的耕地保护责任人、对休耕政策的满意程度、对休耕地管护技术的了解程度、耕地面积、粮食种植比例等指标变量对休耕地管护意愿及行为产生正向影响；农户年龄、非农就业劳动力数量、家庭收入、耕地破碎度等指标变量对休耕地管护意愿及行为产生负向影响。研究结果为进一步扩大和推进耕地休耕制度落地实施提供参考：建议拓宽政策宣传渠道，完善休耕地管护的补偿方式；加强管护技术培训，激发农民对休耕地管护的热情；提高其管护的能力，保障耕地休耕的效果。 相似文献
10.
基于三工河流域284份农户抽样问卷调查数据,总结了多因素作用下农户灌溉决策机理。自然因素是导致农户灌溉行为区域差异的根源,农户自身因素影响农户对灌溉和节水的认识,政府决策可有效调控农户决策行为。根据农户灌溉决策机理,选择耕地状况、政策管理、农户素质、家庭经济状况和农户当前灌溉特征5类因素,构建Logistic模型分析多因素与农户节水意愿的关系,得出影响农户选择节水灌溉的主要因子,按影响程度从大到小排序如下：灌溉水价>耕地区位>非农收入比重>耕地归属>农户对滴灌的了解程度>受访者性别>灌水量>家庭劳动力平均年龄>家庭耕地面积,并据此提出鼓励农户选择节水技术的建议。 相似文献
11.
With rapid urbanization and the socio-economic transformation, cultivated land protection has gradually become a major concern in China. The economic compensation plays a crucial role in promoting cultivated land protection and improving the utilization ratio of cultivated land. Farmer household's satisfaction has a great influence on the effectiveness of compensation. Therefore, households' willingness to select the economic compensation pattern for cultivated land protection has been considered and re-examined. By employing Participatory Rural Appraisal method(PRA), 3 villages and 392 households were investigated and sampled in mesa and hilly areas of Chongqing. Then a quantitative analysis framework of household livelihood hexagon has been developed to quantify the livelihood assets of different farmer households. Finally, the Gray Relation Model and Probit Regression Model have been employed to explore the coupling relationship between the household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern options. The results show that there are both qualitative and spatial heterogeneity in household livelihood assets. We found that the inequality of livelihood assets is evident for five household types. There is a spatial trend that the higher the elevation, the less livelihood assets are. In addition, their options of economic compensation pattern vary from Chengdu Pattern to Foshan Pattern due to their difference in livelihood assets and difference in location. In detail, there is a coupling relationship between household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern; negative correlation is observed between natural assets value and household pattern options, while the other livelihood assets have positive impacts on compensation pattern in varying degrees, which from the top are psychological assets, human assets, physical assets, financial assets, and social assets respectively. A conceptual compensation pattern system has been designed to meet the demands for farmer households mainly according to their shortage in livelihood assets. In addition, compensation method, compensation standard, the basis of compensation and the source of compensation funds have been proposed accordingly. 相似文献
12.
Impact of farmer households’ livelihood assets on their options of economic compensation patterns for cultivated land protection简 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
With rapid urbanization and the socio-economic transformation, cultivated land protection has gradually become a major concern in China. The economic compensation plays a crucial role in promoting cultivated land protection and improving the utilization ratio of cultivated land. Farmer household＇s satisfaction has a great influence on the effectiveness of compensation. Therefore, households＇ willingness to select the economic compensation pattern for cultivated land protection has been considered and re-examined. By employing Participatory Rural Appraisal method （PRA）, 3 villages and 392 households were investigated and sampled in mesa and hilly areas of Chongqing. Then a quantitative analysis framework of household livelihood hexagon has been developed to quantify the livelihood assets of differ- ent farmer households. Finally, the Gray Relation Model and Probit Regression Model have been employed to explore the coupling relationship between the household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern options. The results show that there are both qualitative and spatial heterogeneity in household livelihood assets. We found that the inequality of livelihood assets is evident for five household types. There is a spatial trend that the higher the eleva- tion, the less livelihood assets are. In addition, their options of economic compensation pat- tern vary from Chengdu Pattern to Foshan Pattern due to their difference in livelihood assets and difference in location. In detail, there is a coupling relationship between household live- lihood assets and their compensation pattern; negative correlation is observed between natural assets value and household pattern options, while the other livelihood assets have positive impacts on compensation pattern in varying degrees, which from the top are psy- chological assets, human assets, physical assets, financial assets, and social assets respec- tively. A conceptual compensation pattern system has been designed to meet the demands for farmer households mainly according to their shortage in livelihood assets. In addition, compensation method, compensation standard, the basis of compensation and the source of compensation funds have been proposed accordingly. 相似文献
13.
With rapid urbanization and the socio-economic transformation,cultivated land protection has gradually become a major concern in China. The economic compensation plays a crucial role in promoting cultivated land protection and improving the utilization ratio of cultivated land. Farmer household's satisfaction has a great influence on the effectiveness of compensation. Therefore,households' willingness to select the economic compensation pattern for cultivated land protection has been considered and re-examined. By employing Participatory Rural Appraisal method (PRA),3 villages and 392 households were investigated and sampled in mesa and hilly areas of Chongqing. Then a quantitative analysis framework of household livelihood hexagon has been developed to quantify the livelihood assets of different farmer households. Finally,the Gray Relation Model and Probit Regression Model have been employed to explore the coupling relationship between the household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern options. The results show that there are both qualitative and spatial heterogeneity in household livelihood assets. We found that the inequality of livelihood assets is evident for five household types. There is a spatial trend that the higher the elevation,the less livelihood assets are. In addition,their options of economic compensation pattern vary from Chengdu Pattern to Foshan Pattern due to their difference in livelihood assets and difference in location. In detail,there is a coupling relationship between household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern;negative correlation is observed between natural assets value and household pattern options,while the other livelihood assets have positive impacts on compensation pattern in varying degrees,which from the top are psychological assets,human assets,physical assets,financial assets,and social assets respectively. A conceptual compensation pattern system has been designed to meet the demands for farmer households mainly according to their shortage in livelihood assets. In addition,compensation method,compensation standard,the basis of compensation and the source of compensation funds have been proposed accordingly. 相似文献
14.
基于生计资产量化的农户分化研究——以重庆市沙坪坝区白林村471户农户为例 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
农户生计资产的配置结构及其空间分布特征决定着农户生计发展的资源优势和空间可能性,依据农户生计资产结构可以准确地识别其分化情景。研究采用"PRA+3S"相结合的方法,以地理坐标为标识码,建立农户属性与地块空间数据相链接的"农户-土地"数据库,对农户生计资产配置结构、农户类型划分、农户空间分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)农户生计资产配置结构差异明显,113户农户自然资产产值高于平均值,趋于发展农业生产;108户农户各项资产处于平均水平,主要向兼业发展;250户农户自然资产小于0.1,趋于发展非农生产;(2)依据农户生计发展趋势将其划分为农业多样化发展型(16%)、农业专业化发展型(8%)、兼业化发展型(23%)、非农多样化发展型(31%)、非农专业化发展型(22%)。 相似文献
15.
河南省农田利用集约度时空变化及其影响环境 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
采用因子分析法、重心分析法及空间自相关分析法,利用SPSS、ArcGIS和GeoDa,探究了河南省县级尺度农田利用集约度及其空间分布、空间变化特征。研究发现:河南省农田利用集约度较高的县级单元多分布于河南省东北部;近邻城市的农田利用集约度亦较高;农田利用集约度相近的县级单元呈空间集聚态势,尤其是以较低农田利用集约度的县级单元更为明显;农田利用集约度重心点位于河南省几何中心点的东北方向,且随着时间推移仍不断向东北方向移动。农田利用集约度是农业生产者在自然条件、经济发展、政治制度、社会人文等环境的约束下,结合劳动力、耕地等自身资源条件,经分析判断后对农田利用效果的评价。探究农田利用集约度空间分布特征及其变化,可了解不同区位条件下的农户生产决策特征及其变化,为农业发展战略的制定提供依据。 相似文献
16.
基于秦巴山商洛地区农户问卷调查数据，在可持续生计框架下，聚焦不同群体之间生计资本状况，并探讨其农户生计资本对生计策略选择的影响以及生计资本的耦合性。结果表明：（1） 山区农户生计策略出现明显分化，依据非农收入比重分为纯务工型、务工主导型、兼业型和纯农型4种类型。（2） 调研样本中农户生计资本有限和不均衡，呈现金融资本和社会资本相对较高，自然资本、人力资本偏低的特征。非贫困户中兼业型生计资本总值最高，务工主导型、纯务工型次之，纯农型最低；贫困户中务工主导型生计资本总值最高，纯务工型、兼业型次之，纯农型最低。（3） 非贫困户中人均耕地面积、人均林地面积、耕地质量、职业技能水平、政治资源、就业网络对纯务工型农户向务工主导型、兼业型转变有着积极影响，家庭人均收入、男性劳动力比例则具有负向影响；家庭人均收入和职业技能水平对于纯务工型向纯农型转变有负向影响。贫困户中人均耕地面积、人均林地面积、政治资源对纯务工型农户向务工主导型、兼业型和纯农型转变具有正向影响，家庭人均收入、劳动力教育水平、职业技能水平、联系成本则具有负向影响。（4） 非贫困农户生计资本耦合度依次为兼业型＞务工主导型＞纯务工型＞纯农型；贫困农户则为兼业型＞纯务工型＞务工主导型＞纯农型。因此，开展农户可持续性生计研究，对于农户减贫、促进乡村地区发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
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As the foundation of farm household structure, livelihood asset status is the basis for farmers to gain opportunities, adopt livelihood strategies, resist livelihood risk, and engage in positive livelihood achievements. Quantifying farm household assets identifies future development trends that are fundamentally necessary to predict farm household vulnerability and strategy, as well as understanding farmers’ current living situations. Using Zunyi City in China’s western mountainous area as a case study, we conducted stratified sampling and participatory rural investigation appraisal to collect data on the attributes of farm households’ livelihood assets and livelihood strategies to establish an index evaluation system and enable evaluation and analysis of farm households with different livelihood strategies. Our research indicates that due to structural differences, total livelihood assets of farm households with different livelihood strategies are similar. Rural households have an abundance of natural and material assets and deficiencies in human, financial and social assets. Non-rural households and part- time households are abundant in human, financial and social assets and deficient in natural and material assets. 相似文献
18.
农地整理对农户农地投入意愿的影响研究——基于农地整理区域农户问卷调查的实证分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究农地整理对农户农地投入意愿的影响,对完善农地整理绩效评价和农地整理政策意义重大。依据湖北省3个县(市、区)的188份农地整理区域农户抽样调查数据,构建Logistic模型进行农地整理对农户农地投入意愿的影响分析。结果表明:(1)农户对农地整理的满意度是影响农户流动资本投入意愿和固定资本投入意愿的关键因素,农户对农地整理的满意度越高,其流动资本投入意愿越弱,固定资本投入意愿越强;(2)农地整理的效果在不同土地规模、不同年龄和不同兼业类型农户中有所差异,土地规模大、非老龄、纯农户以及第一类兼业农户的固定资本投入意愿更强。 相似文献
19.
生计多样化背景下种植业非点源污染负荷演变 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
依托三峡库区典型村农户访谈数据,基于收益最大目标决策框架,设定农村转型发展中3种农户生计类型情景：农业主导生计、兼业转向生计和非农主导生计,解析种植业产污负荷随主导生计非农转向的演变特征,探讨主导生计类型转向的动力机制。结果表明：① 样区耕地经营现状呈自耕、流转与撂荒并存的多元化发展格局,且表现出“入”小于“出”的特征,不同农户家庭类型间实际人均耕种规模为“半劳动力家庭”>“无劳动力家庭”>“劳动力家庭”;② 种植业单位面积产污负荷中,“半劳动力家庭”最高,“劳动力家庭”次之,“无劳动力家庭”最低,“劳动力家庭”内部又随劳动力人数增加呈先增再减趋势;③ 样区农户生计类型由农业主导向非农主导转型过程中,种植业产污负荷最大减幅达72.01%,兼业转向生计情景下削减幅度为19.61%~29.85%,非农主导生计情景下减幅为35.20%~72.01%,但TN、TP的减量特征并不一致;④ 劳动力配置与生计来源“非农化”促使农户主导生计类型向非农转化,生计非农演变的潜在农户收入/福祉权衡亦驱使生计决策转向非农化,不同农户家庭类型对生计转向的敏感程度表现为“劳动力家庭”>“半劳动力家庭”>“无劳动力家庭”;⑤ 在新型城镇化快速推进和创新新型工业体系构建过程中,山区农户生计类型进一步向非农转变,而这一过程又将促使种植业产生的污染负荷量进一步减少,要大幅削减种植业产污负荷,就必须制定有助于山区农户生计非农化的调控对策。 相似文献