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干旱区典型山地绿洲荒漠系统中绿洲土地利用/覆盖变化对生态系统服务价值的影响 总被引：26，自引：7，他引：19
研究土地利用/覆盖变化对区域生态系统服务价值的影响具有重要意义。对处于干旱区典型MODS（Mountain-Oasis-Desert System）系统中的新疆南部且末绿洲1989年Landsat TM 影像及2004年的CBERS遥感影像进行处理,分析且末绿洲15 a来的土地利用/覆盖变化。在此基础上,采用中国陆地生态系统服务价值的测算方法,评估且末绿洲土地利用/覆盖变化引起的生态系统服务价值的变化。结果表明,1989-2004年,且末绿洲减少的土地面积有林地、戈壁沙地和盐碱地,增加的土地面积有水域、建筑用地和耕地。林地减少了41.73％,耕地增加了58.04％。1989年且末绿洲生态系统服务价值总额为184 349.88万元,2004年为176 970.72万元,15 a间,生态系统服务价值损失了7 379.16万元。林地面积的减少是生态系统服务价值减少的主要原因。保护区域生态环境,恢复和提高区域生态系统服务功能是该区域生态环境建设的重要任务。 相似文献
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滇西北生态脆弱区土地利用变化及其生态效应 ——以云南省永胜县为例 总被引：65，自引：1，他引：64
土地利用/土地覆被变化及其生态环境效应研究是当前地理学全球变化研究的核心内容,而生态系统服务功能则是生态学、生态经济学研究的热点问题。作者利用滇西北生态脆弱区--永胜县1988年、1994年和1999年的TM遥感影像,采用景观生态学的空间格局指数分析研究区近10年来的土地利用动态变化特征,并以生态系统服务功能衡量相应土地利用类型的相对生态价值,评价区域土地利用/土地覆被变化的生态效应,尝试将二者有机结合起来。研究表明,全县景观总体构成表现为景观破碎度较高,斑块数目较多;林地和未利用地一直占很大比重,林地的不断增加与未利用地的迅速减少是研究时段内土地利用变化的突出特征;研究时段内全县土地利用变化带来了较好的生态效应,土地利用生态效益持续提高,并表现出了较大的空间差异。 相似文献
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满苏尔.沙比提娜斯曼.那斯尔丁阿尔斯朗.马木提 《地理研究》2016,(11):2116-2124
参照中国陆地生态系统服务价值当量,结合研究区不同土地利用∕覆被类型的生物生产量,研究各土地利用/覆被类型的生态服务价值变化。结果表明：1 1989-2014年,冰川面积增长27.63%,草地增长35.69%,水体减少55.43%,荒地减少13.81%,林地减少9.87%;1989-2002年的区域综合动态度为0.72%,2002-2014年的为0.62%。2保护区的生态服务价值为52.31×10~8元/a,突出了保护区重要的生态地位。在保护区11项生态服务功能中,水文调节和水资源供给生态服务功能价值最高,食物和原料生产生态服务功能价值较低。3 1989-2014年生态服务总价值量降低31.49%,其中冰川和草地的总价值量持续增长27.63%和35.70%,水体和荒地的持续减少55.43%和13.81%,林地的先减22.13%,后增15.75%。在价值构成比例上,1989年水体占主要地位,2014年冰川占主要地位。 相似文献
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厦门市土地利用/覆被变化对生态系统服务的影响 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
土地利用/覆被变化通过改变生态系统的结构与功能,进而对生态系统服务的供应产生影响。以厦门市为研究区域,引入土地利用强度指数,分析当地土地利用/覆被变化过程;将研究区划分为农田、森林和湿地三个生态系统,参考已有研究成果,构建生态系统服务价值评估模型,探讨区域整体服务价值的演变过程;并通过土地系统和生态系统二者的耦合变化关系探讨土地利用/覆被变化对生态系统服务的影响过程。结果表明：近20 年来,厦门市生态系统服务价值总量随土地利用强度的增强呈现逐年增加的趋势,由1987 年的34.8 亿元增加到2007 年的39.0 亿元,供给服务和调节服务是最主要的生态系统服务类型;土地利用强度的变化与供给服务和文化服务呈现正相关关系,而与调节服务和支持服务呈现负相关关系。 相似文献
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托木尔峰国家级自然保护区土地利用/覆被生态服务价值变化分析 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
参照中国陆地生态系统服务价值当量,结合研究区不同土地利用∕覆被类型的生物生产量,研究各土地利用/覆被类型的生态服务价值变化。结果表明：① 1989-2014年,冰川面积增长27.63%,草地增长35.69%,水体减少55.43%,荒地减少13.81%,林地减少9.87%;1989-2002年的区域综合动态度为0.72%,2002-2014年的为0.62%。② 保护区的生态服务价值为52.31×108元/a,突出了保护区重要的生态地位。在保护区11项生态服务功能中,水文调节和水资源供给生态服务功能价值最高,食物和原料生产生态服务功能价值较低。③ 1989-2014年生态服务总价值量降低31.49%,其中冰川和草地的总价值量持续增长27.63%和35.70%,水体和荒地的持续减少55.43%和13.81%,林地的先减22.13%,后增15.75%。在价值构成比例上,1989年水体占主要地位,2014年冰川占主要地位。 相似文献
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基于利益相关者的LUCC生态风险研究——以延河流域为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用生态服务价值的大小代表生态服务功能的强弱,以生态系统服务功能理论为基础,以土地利用/覆被变化导致的生态系统服务功能下降作为LUCC生态风险,分别针对土地利用的各利益相关者——土地的所有者或经营者(个人、社区和国家),定量分析各利益相关者在土地利用/覆被变化的背景下所承受的生态风险。研究表明,由于土地利用/覆被变化的因素,延河流域2000-2006年间生态服务功能总体上升了28.91%,这主要归功于延河流域实施的退耕还林还草措施。对LUCC的不同利益相关者进行分析的结果表明,2000-2006年间,国家、社区和个人的生态服务功能均有所增强,增加值分别为34.71%、33.64%、14.57%;它们所面临的主要生态风险是,个人在本区域获取食物供应的能力下降了5.71%,国家在生物控制方面的能力下降了24.56%。 相似文献
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塔里木河生态输水条件下土地利用/覆被变化对生态系统服务价值的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《干旱区地理》2021,(3)
基于2000—2020年土地利用数据,采用修正后的单位面积价值当量法、生态系统服务变化指数与探索性空间分析手段,分析了塔里木河下游自生态输水以来生态系统服务功能的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)自2000年生态输水以来,塔里木河下游耕地、林地和草地面积分别增长了18.6 km~2、54.7 km~2和76.7 km~2,裸地面积减少了104.0 km~2;其中耕地和林地增长面积主要分布在大西海子水库—英苏段,草地增长面积主要分布在英苏—阿拉干段和阿拉干—台特玛湖段。(2)塔里木河下游生态系统服务价值由2000年的42.66×10~9元增长到了2020年的45.86×10~9元,增长了3.20×10~9元,且生态系统服务价值低值土地利用类型向高值土地利用类型转化频繁。(3)塔里木河下游生态系统服务价值Global Moran’s I由2000年的0.7552增长到2020年的0.7639,该地区生态系统服务价值存在明显的正向空间自相关关系,且增值区主要集中分布在大西海子水库—英苏段,损失区主要分布在英苏—阿拉干段和阿拉干—台特玛湖段。塔里木河下游生态输水对该地区生态环境修复起到了积极的作用,有效提升了该区域的生态系统服务价值。 相似文献
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青海省海东地区土地利用变化及其生态服务价值响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据青海省海东地区2002～2008年土地利用变更数据,采用土地利用动态度模型和土地利用综合指数分析该地区近7年来土地利用变化情况,并参考谢高地等人建立的中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值当量表对该区域当量表进行适当调整,测算了土地利用变化所引起的生态服务价值变化情况。研究表明：（1）2002～2008年,各类型土地利用变化速度各不相同,其中以水利设施用地变化速度最快为12．24％,土地利用程度波动上升;（2）土地利用变化所引起的生态服务价值总体上呈逐步上升趋势,由2002年的82．01×10^8元增加至2008年的88．16×10^8元,增加了6．15×10^8元;（3）各种土地利用类型的生态系统服务价值的敏感性指数均小于1,表明生态系统服务价值对价值系数的变化缺乏弹性,研究结果可信。 相似文献
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利用2010年Landsat TM遥感影像以及1954年、1980年、1995年、2000年和2005年的土地利用数据,采用面向对象方法,对三江平原浓江—别拉洪河中下游区域土地覆被数据信息进行提取,分析了研究区沼泽地因农业开发而逐渐消失的过程。结果表明,1954～1980年期间,研究区沼泽地面积共减少69.66×104hm2,平均年损失率为2.44%;1980～2000年期间,沼泽地面积共减少5.66×104hm2,平均年损失率为0.75%;2000～2010年期间,沼泽地面积共减少15.67×104hm2,平均年损失率为4.67%。利用中国陆地生态系统服务单位面积价值当量,以及补充的水田生态系统服务价值,对研究区各时期生态服务价值量进行了评估,结果显示,在1954年,研究区生态系统服务总价值为950.84×108元/a,之后,由于沼泽地被大规模开垦为农田,造成研究区生态系统服务价值总量锐减,至1980年,研究区生态系统服务总价值减少为590.08×108元/a,损失了360.76×108元/a,减少幅度为37.9%。1980～2000年,研究区生态系统服务总价值变化相对较小,减少了13.84×108元/a。2000～2005年,研究区生态系统服务总值出现较快速的下降,减少了87.65×108元/a。2005～2010年期间,随着水田面积的增加、旱田面积的减少,研究区生态系统服务总价值呈上升趋势,与2005年相比,共增加了7.15×108元/a。从研究区生态系统服务类型上分析,1954～2010年间,生态系统调节服务价值损失量最大,为399.36×108元/a,其次为文化服务价值,损失量为46.24×108元/a,再次为支持服务价值,损失量为17.1×108元/a,而供给服务价值增加了7.59×108元/a,仅弥补了总损失量的1.67%。 相似文献
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近40年来金沙江南岸干热河谷区的土地利用变化及其土壤侵蚀治理研究 ——以云南宾川县为例 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
云南金沙江流域生态环境极为脆弱,在人为作用下土地利用/土地覆被变化较为显著,水土流失严重,生态环境日益恶化,目前已被我国政府列为全国生态环境建设的重点区域。本文选择金沙江中游中山高原与干热河谷区较为典型的宾川县作为研究实例,采用航片判读、实地调查与GIS等方法编制1960、1980和2000年土地利用与土壤侵蚀图,据此分析了该县1960 ~ 2000年的土地利用/土地覆被变化及其引发的土壤侵蚀变化特征,重点揭示区域土地利用/土地覆被变化的基本规律及其引发的土壤侵蚀变化过程,并提出土壤侵蚀治理的工程与技术措施。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1988,40(4):471-499
Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne . 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):488-489
Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns. Barbara Ruth Bailey. Food Politics: The Regional Conflict. David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey, eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World. R. Ballance, J. Ansari and H. Singer. Neighborhoods in Urban America. Ronald H. Bayor, ed. The English Heartland. By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale. Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy. Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande, eds. Tension Areas of the World. D. Gordon Bennett, ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey. B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet, eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem. Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas, eds. Energy and Land Use. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin, eds. Slopes and Weathering. Michael Clarke and John Small. Alaska's Rural Development. Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald McBeath, eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America. Galen Cranz. World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings. Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery, eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography. Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken. Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. T. Scarlett Epstein. South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development. T. J. D. Fair. Institutions and Geographical Patterns. Robin Flowerdew, ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas. Howard F. Gregor. Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s. Patsy Healy, Glen McDougall and Michael J. Thomas, eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. Jeffrey R. Henig. The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective. R. J. Johnston. Climate, History and the Modern World. Hubert H. Lamb. Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer. China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935. Ernest P. Liang. A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective. Robert S. Livingston, T. D. Anderson, T. M. Besmann, M. Olszewski, A. M. Perry, and C. D. West. Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille. B. S. Mac Aodha, ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility. Hal S. Maggied. Land Uses in American Cities. Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves. Industrial Organisation and Location. Philip McDermott and Michael Taylor. Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran. Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor. Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas, eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada: Urbanization and Environmental Quality. Isao Orishimo. The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest. Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke. Contest for the South China Sea. Marwyn S. Samuels. The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values. Richard C. Smardon, ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen. The Geography of Multinationals. Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift, eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society. Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester. Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham. Jerry A. Webman. Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Robert C. West, ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers. P. Yoeli. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1983,35(4):488-524
Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns . Barbara Ruth Bailey . Food Politics: The Regional Conflict . David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey , eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World . R. Ballance , J. Ansari and H. Singer . Neighborhoods in Urban America . Ronald H. Bayor , ed. The English Heartland . By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale . Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy . Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande , eds. Tension Areas of the World . D. Gordon Bennett , ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey . B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet , eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem . Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas , eds. Energy and Land Use . Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin , eds. Slopes and Weathering . Michael Clarke and John Small . Alaska's Rural Development . Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald Mc Beath , eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America . Galen Cranz . World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings . Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery , eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography . Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken . Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development . T. Scarlett Epstein . South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development . T. J. D. Fair . Institutions and Geographical Patterns . Robin Flowerdew , ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas . Howard F. Gregor . Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s . Patsy Healy , Glen Mc Dougall and Michael J. Thomas , eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response . Jeffrey R. Henig . The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective . R. J. Johnston . Climate, History and the Modern World . Hubert H. Lamb . Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man . T. M. L. Wigley , M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer . China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935 . Ernest P. Liang . A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective . Robert S. Livingston , T. D. Anderson , T. M. Besmann , M. Olszewski , A. M. Perry , and C. D. West . Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille . B. S. Mac Aodha , ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility . Hal S. Maggied . Land Uses in American Cities . Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves . Industrial Organisation and Location . Philip Mc Dermott and Michael Taylor . Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology . Emilio F. Moran . Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor . Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas , eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada : Urbanization and Environmental Quality . Isao Orishimo . The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise . John Prest . Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens . Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke . Contest for the South China Sea . Marwyn S. Samuels . The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values . Richard C. Smardon , ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen . The Geography of Multinationals . Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift , eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society . Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester . Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham . Jerry A. Webman . Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942 . Robert C. West , ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers . P. Yoeli . 相似文献
16.
《寒旱区科学》2014,(4):I0001-I0001
Permafrost engineering has been developing rapidly in recent years. Many projects have been undertaken with the latest technologies and show their importance in supporting regional social and economical development. For example, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been a milestone project in permafrost engineering. However, when designing and building infrastructures in cold regions, 相似文献
17.
HAYASHI Hiroaki 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2014,5(4):395-397
<正>1 Characteristics of Kunisaki GIAS and aims of this research Kunisaki GIAHS in the Kunisaki peninsula and Usa area,Oita,Japan,is a system where forestry,agricultural production,and fisheries are sustained by the strong connection between Sawtooth Oak forest,multiple interlinked irriga tion ponds,and Seto Inland Sea(Vafadari 2013a;2013b;Hayashi 2013).This area receive around 1,500 mm of annual precipitation with a 相似文献
18.
P. Guilizzoni A. Marchetto A. Lami N. G. Cameron P. G. Appleby N. L. Rose Ø. A. Schnell C. A. Belis A. Giorgis L. Guzzi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(3):245-264
A palaeoecological study of an oligotrophic alpine lake, Paione Superiore (Italy), provided a record of historical changes in water quality. Historical trends in lake acidification were reconstructed by means of calibration and regression equations from diatoms, chrysophycean scales and pigment ratios. The historical pH was inferred by using two different diatom calibration data sets, one specific to the alpine region. These pH trends, together with the record of sedimentary carbonaceous particles and chironomid remains, indicate a recent acidification of this low alkalinity lake.Concentration of total organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, biogenic silica (BSiO2), chlorophyll derivatives (CD), fucoxanthin, diatom cell concentration and number of chironomid head capsules increased during the last 2–3 decades. When expressed as accumulation rates, most of these parameters tended to decrease from the past century to c. 1950, then all except P increased to the present day. A marked increase in sedimentary nitrogen may be related to atmospheric pollution and to the general increases in output of N in Europe. High C/N ratios indicate a prevailing allochthonous source of organic matter.Finally, the increase in measured air temperature from the mid-1800's appeared to be related to lake water pH before industrialization: cold periods generally led to lower pH and vice-versa. The more recent phenomenon of anthropogenic acidification has apparently decoupled this climatic-water chemistry relationship. 相似文献
19.
K. F. Walker I. G. Dunn D. Edwards T. Petr H. Z. Yang 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(3):169-222
Quinghai Hu is a large, high-altitude, saline lake in north-western China, and supports a fishery based on an endemic species of naked carp (snow trout). The fish take seven years to attain maturity and a marketable weight of 300 g, and have a lifespan of 14–21 years under the present fishery regime. They seasonally migrate from the lake to spawn over the gravel beds of inflowing rivers, but these areas have been reduced by weirs and irrigation diversions and recruitment may have declined. The population may have been affected also by a 1.85-m fall in the lake level over the past 30 years, and by associated changes in salinity. The fishery was opened to large-scale exploitation in 1958. Yields declined sharply (max. 28,523 tonnes, 1960) as the larger, older fish were removed, and then more slowly (min. 2523 tonnes, 1983). Since 1987 the fish factory has been limited to an annual quota of 1200 tonnes, taken by a fleet of four pair trawlers. Another 800 tonnes are taken by licensed fishermen, mainly using gill nets, and perhaps 1000 tonnes are taken illegally. The estimated total catch in 1992 was 3000 tonnes. New trawlers introduced in 1989–90 substantially increased the factory's catch per unit effort, and in 1990 the quota was virtually filled in one month in a zone within 20 km of the factory. Although this could suggest that the stocks will be conserved if the quota is retained, at least half of the catch in 1989–92 consisted of immature individuals. Trawling operations recently were suspended following a further decline in the catch after 1992. While the new trawlers are capable of a major increase in effort, neither the changing environment, the fish stocks or the present markets favour intensified pressure. Gillnets may provide better control over the minimum size limit and may cause less damage than trawling. Other options to improve the viability and profitability of the fishery include improvements in handling, processing and marketing. Failure to develop the fishery may encourage attempts to introduce exotic fish, at some risk to survival of the local species. 相似文献